ZQMS-ARC-REC-002

REGION: MATEBELELAND NORTH SEMESTER: 2.2 YEAR 2022

PROGRAMME Bachelor Of Science Honours In Development Studies (BSCHDS) INTAK E: 20

FULL NAME OF STUDEN T: SVOSVE MATRON PIN: P2074241X

EMAIL ADDRESS: shantymetty88@gmail.com

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COURSE NAME: AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE CODE: BSDS205

ASSIGNMENT NO. e.g. 1 or 2: 2 STUDENT’S SIGNATURE sm

DUE DATE: 28 MAR 2022 SUBMISSION DATE: 28MAR 2022

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Discuss the extent to which land reform programmes in Zimbabwe brought
the desired outcomes to the desired target group.

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Issue Date: 3 October 2013 Revision 0
Definition of terms

To Discuss: is to explore the successes and challenges of the given question.

Land reform: according to Britannica. Com land reform is the deliberate change in way
agricultural land is owned, the methods of cultivation the relations of agriculture to the rest of the
economy.

The target groups: these are the groups include the smallholder communal farmers, medium scale
farmers and also the large scale farmers.

Introduction:

Land reform programmes in Zimbabwe brought the desired outcomes to the desired target group.
To provide an outline of the objective of the land reform programmes in developing country.
Also to explore and interrogate the success and challenges faced in the implementation of the
programmes to the larger or lower extant. Therefore, to offers the possible strategies to address
the challenges in order to enhance and consolidate the gains.

The potential and social economic benefits are particularly in developing countries include the
creation of employment opportunities and indirect opportunities in agro processing industries.
Many people were being employed because of land reform whereby people were do farming in
the large piece of land to became successful especially those in rural areas they may able to get
employed such that their family were having a better standard of living.

The creation of job may also reduce the increasing of poverty to people in Zimbabwe poverty
may bring hunger to people; many people were end up suffering of hunger. It is imperative to get
job and work extra hard to avoid all this problems. Literature on the land reform indicates that, it
is a deeply political process since reforming land politics serves to change relationships between
communities as well as between communities and the state. (Moore 2010). Many arguments for
and against land reform have therefore emerge in developing.

Land reform should not be an end itself but the foundation and integral part of a broader
economic strategy to stimulate agriculture production, industrialization, and rural development
equitable income distribution and poverty reduction.
Alleviate conflict land laws, particularly in former colonies, where formal and informal land
system exist in tension with each other. Such conflicts can make marginalized groups vulnerable
to further exploitation. Conflict may also creating misunderstanding between people that might
causes distractions to them, people were end up fight one another because of these problems.
Some critics point out that evidence to support the economic and pro poor benefits of increased
formalized land rights are still inconclusive. (The Economist, June 27, 2002).

According to Tapiwa M. Mabaye (2010) he evaluates the success and challenges of land reform
programmes in Zimbabwe. Agriculture was a booming foreign currency earned for Zimbabwe in
that period. The tobacco and cotton cash crop exports along with beef and horticulture which
constituted % 15 of Growth Development product in 1990 and % 40 of foreign currency earned

The newly resettled Zimbabwe farmer, the Chinese was the agricultural co-operation with Africa
to be able to generate profits. They are not interested in non-profitable cooperation this bodes
well for Zimbabwe government as well as this will make the resettlement self-financing and
require less donors funding which may come with conditions attached with the aid.

However, there are some challenges which Mabaye has address in order to enhance and
consolidate the gains of the land reform programmes. Firstly, lack of funds or capital to buy land
and develop it for resettlement. The corruption within government few famers were willing to
sell to the government for land redistribution. Even if they did the government had very little
financial resources after independence to the land.

The IMF and WB suspended aid for land reform in 1989 for reasons of corruption. This Breton
Wood institution went on to improve the much abhorred, Economic Structural Adjustment
Programmes (ESAP) that had strict budget guidelines for government and land reform was not
included on it.

Moreover, Britain, United States and other donor countries stopped donating to the land reform
as they deemed to corrupt and unfair if the government compulsorily acquired farms. This led to
the government which was also facing other economic problems due to ESAP programmes to
run out of money for land. The resettled families did not get much assistance from the
government in terms of loans training and building infrastructure such as schools, clinics and
roads also other necessary infrastructure.
 Also, with pressure from the thousands of landless Zimbabwe who want to be settled but
lacking development and resources. The government convinced the land reform donor
conferences in Harare in 1998 to present and involve them in their plans for the second phase of
the land acquisition process. Raising rural incomes leading to reduction income inequalities.
( Deiniger, 2003, De Soto,2000, Kafambe, 2006and Meinzen Dick et al,2010.

According to Ian scoones books published in (2010) he also speaks to the success of land reform
programmes. The agrarian structure with a tri modal pattern involving large medium and small
scale farms also has important implications for all areas of policy, whether services,
infrastructure or finance and so on.

Scoones’ books in 2010 based on a decade of work in Masvingo Province started from farmers
in A1 and A2 farmers acquired through the post 2000 land reform programmes. Infrastructure
investment research and extension support and rural finance, agriculture moving requires
investment. This means the private individual business and the nation working together. A
vibrant agricultural sector always is a reliant on solid state support to provide basic
infrastructure. In Zimbabwe and some other countries following land reform in 2000 where there
has been vanishingly little support from government, donors or others.

Moreover, research and extension is a vital, but the new farmers are often highly educated, well
connected. This will help people opens up new opportunities in business for example, support for
marketing or input supply via mobile phone updates or agriculture extension business planning
advice offered via the internet offer real opportunities.

In addition, securing the land, security of the land tenure is an essential

perquisite for successful production and investment in agriculture. Tenure security arises through
a variety of means. Existing legislation allows for a wide range of potential tenure types
including freehold title, regulated leases, permits and communal tenure under traditional system.

Fostering local economic development, land reform has configured Zimbabwe’s rural areas
dramatically, the inheritance of the colonial land Apportionment Act. Today small scale farms
are nearby medium and large scale farms sharing labour, market chains, skills, technologies and
skills expertise. This may create multiplier effects in land reform areas.
The land reform has given to raise the growth of new business to provide services and
consumption goods, such local economic development potentials are far from fully realized and
to date there has been little support to this wider new rural economy. To make the most of new
mosaic of land uses and economic activities in an area based local economic development
approach is required. This would facilitate investment across activities adding value to farm
production.

Giving farmers a voice, scoones added that a new debate on land is required and this needs to
be reflected in policy debates. The challenge of future is a new one as then, the head of extension
Masvingo province put it back in 2006. If given the right support the new famers can drive a
vibrant agriculture revolution in Zimbabwe.

It has been happened before with commercial farmers in the 1950s also with communal area
farmers in 1980s. Both past agricultural revolutions required support and commitment from
outside something that has been starkly absent since 2000. Furthermore, a smallholder based
agricultural revolution could indeed be the basis of wider growth and development in Zimbabwe.

Therefore, the government estimated that it would need $ 11 billion for the land reform process
the land acquisition development in infrastructure and service such as roads, clinics, schools and
farming implements. Moreover, the government also required absences of money to provide as
credit for resettled farmer as banks were not willing to lend money.

However, the possible solution or strategies for this problem of land reform programmes is for
the government intended to purchase 1 million hectares every year for five years from 1998 to
2008 for redistribution all the participants at this conferences agreed the passed a resolution that
land reform was essential for poverty reduction, economic growth and political stability.

Another solution for these challenges that land reform has to become successful is on farmer to
increase their productivity through consolidating their pitot’s into large cooperative farmers and
acquiring techniques and machinery much more easily. The government has to seek alternative
donors, investors and patterns. The Zimbabwe government has just begun a new policy with
largest investors in Zimbabwe, currently Asian nations. The looking of east policy is targeted at
increasing trade investment and aid from China, India, Malaysia and Indonesia.
In conclusion, to the larger extent increasing agriculture production levels and equality to make
land reform and resettlement programmes successful. This program has archived its intended
objectives and the needs of the targeted groups by supporting and work together to become
successful in Zimbabwe. It is imperative to bring the desired outcomes to the desired groups.
References:

Besley and Burgess, (2000) effective engagement of stakeholders.

Commercial farmers and communal areas (1950sto 1980s) they both past agricultural revolution.

Deinger and De Soto (2000), raising rural incomes leading to reduction income inequalities,

Duan (2015), carried out an empirical study focusing on the Taiwan land reform in early 1950s.

Ian Scoones (2010), based on a decade of work in Masvingo province.

Land reform programmes (2000) , have been vanishingly little support from government.

Mooore (2010) many arguments for and against land reform emerge in developing.

Meinzen Dick et al, (2010) increasing people in rural incomes leading to reducing of poverty.

Rodrick Grossman and Norman (1994), posits with references to South Korea and Taiwan
getting the interventions right is the key to success of land reform.

Tapiwa M. Mabaye (2010), ethics of development in a global environment.

The Economist, June (2002) point out that evidence to support the economic.