Crime Reduction & Community Safety

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

Introduction

The term crime creates insecurity and fear among the people in a particular region. The report

will discuss the perception of security and a distinct difference between actual crime and the

fear of crime. There are various kinds of crime occurring around the globe. Among them, this

report will focus specifically on hate crimes. Therefore, to justify that, the report will

illustrate the differences in recording of crime by the police and Crime Survey of England &

Wales. Further, an in-depth analysis of the philosophy of community policy and its impact on

the public. The report also demonstrates the effectiveness of the reduction on the crime

strategies.

Section 2: The Philosophy of Community Policing

Analyse the impact of crime on victims and communities, considering both short

term and long term impacts.

Impact of hate crime on victims

hate crime is regarded as intentional hurting someone due to their perceived characteristics

that place them within a speculated social group. The hate incidence or crime has a

devastating impact on the victims and their families (Utley et al., 2022). There are some hate

crimes that initially starts with minor incidence and later on escalate towards a serious

offence. Victims suffer a series of effects that can destroy their lives and create long term

trauma along with damage. Further, police can only formulate charges and prosecute

individuals under the boundary of law. Hate crimes can make the victims feel vulnerable and

isolated, low self-esteem. Moreover, the victim develops a loss of faith in the justice system

and police. Hate crime is also a reason behind the increase of suicide cases around the UK.

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

Source: [ CITATION gov20 \l 1033 ]

As reported by gov. uk, (2020), in March 2020, it has been stated that there were 105,090

hate crimes as recorded by the polices in Wales and England. This shows an increase in the

case by 8 percent as compared to the year 2019.

Short term impact

Feel upset, angry or experience strong emotions

People often get surprised and experience strong emotions after the occurrence of such a

crime. These emotions can make the person feel confused and also unsettled, afraid and react

in various manners.

Physical symptoms

While experiencing hate crime, even if no physical harm is experienced, the stress and shock

make a victim cause physical symptoms such as sickness, falling ill and others [ CITATION

vic22 \l 1033 ].

Blaming yourself

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

Many victims often feel guilty for not taking appropriate action regarding the crime occurring

in front of the eyes.

Long term impact

In hate crimes, the short term impact is so severe that it is difficult to access long term effects.

However, long term effects can lead to severe health issues such as depression post-traumatic

stress disorder as a long-lasting impact mental health of the victims (Paterson, Brown and

Walters, 2019).

Impact of hate crime on communities

Crimes do affect not only the victims but also the whole community at large. As stated by (),

people live in a community and have the rights that are exercised upon the whole community.

Further, it is significant to consider that many of the victims that are targeted or attacked

often for the community as the impact on individuals affect the core part by creating fear

(Mossie and Wang, 2020).

Short term impact

There are various effects, such as being targeted on the basis of race. Further, through sexual

orientation, disability, gay community and change of attitude due to the various behavioural

approaches. For instance, the Muslim community has faced huge hate regarding their

dressing style, such as hijab among girls.

Long term impact

There is the various incidence, such as the massacre where 49 people attacked a gay in a

nightclub in Orlando. Though, it has resulted in a huge protest and joined by thousands of

people in London, Hong Kong, Sydney and others. The above scenario shows the effects of

hate crime are not only limited to the victims but also the community is involved. Further,

hate crime also leads to terrorism when the particular community is victimised, and as an act

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

of revenge, it creates long term effects. As per the records of police, there has been a rise of

29 % in hate crimes after the year 2016 [ CITATION Rup181 \l 1033 ].

Explain the impact of news media on communities’ perceptions of crime and its

relationship with the disparity between actual crime and fear of crime

There are various reports and studies that state that the role of media plays a significant role

in creating moral panic towards the fear of crime. The content or subjects triggered by the

media lead to fear of crime among the public. In recent times, hate crimes have increased

through social media. For instance, the violence attributed to online hate speech has risen

tremendously. The increased attacks on immigrants and other minority classes have created

concerns towards violent and hate speech online [ CITATION Zac19 \l 1033 ]. The detailed

analysis conducted on hate crime rising due to social media influences has been stated below.

Social media sites such s Facebook is one of the most active media sites. The survey shows

that people around the world states that online activity has influenced individuals towards

racism, violence and others. Social media is one such platform that provides the opportunity

to publish their acts.

Source: [ CITATION Zac19 \l 1033 ].

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

It has been observed that hate crime creates different perceptions among the minds of people.

This actually leads to a discretion between the happening of actual crime and the fear of

crime. Media exaggerate the actual news and also lowers the self-esteem affecting the victims

largely. Moreover, media creates panic more than the actual happening and is inclined

towards fear of crime.

Explain the philosophy of community policing and associated legislation

Community policing is regarded as the philosophy that encourages strategies of the

organisation that supports the systematic usage of problem-solving techniques along with

partnerships (Walker, 2018). The policing is done to address the immediate conditions

immediately that increases the issues of public safety such as social disorder and fear of

crime. Further, community policing demonstrates that police need to develop positive

relations within the community and also include the community for controlling crime and

prevention strategies. Community policing also determines the resources required for

addressing the concerns of the members. The primary concern of the philosophy of

community police is to reduce the fear of crime and develop cooperative decisions to resolve

issues in relation to criminal acts [ CITATION Erc16 \l 1033 ]. It is a law enforcement

strategy that has been practised in UK and USA for prolonged years now. It is a philosophy

that gives permission to officers to consistently cooperate in similar areas to create a

strengthening bond with the natives for sustaining and working within the area. It formulates

the safety of the public and creates local engagement with the locals and prevention of crime

instead of providing a response to incidents that occurs within the area.

Police Reform Act 2002

This act was formed to develop new provisions regarding the administration, supervision,

functions of the police. Further, it involves the conduct of police officers, forces and other

concerned persons caring out the service in regards to the police [ CITATION leg22 \l 1033 ].

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 Crime Reduction & Community Safety

This act amends the powers of police and comprehends the exercise of police powers

irrespective of not being an officer. This came into existence due to community policing and

acted for supporting the public in controlling crime.

Evaluate the impact of multi-agency policing since the 1997 New Labour

government

The 1997 UK labour government has been a root reformation towards criminal justice. The

multi-agency policy has a great impact on the criminal offence with a motive to be tough on

crime along with understanding the causes that lead to crime. However, there has been a

substantial investment for the expansion meet the criminal justice system (Solomon, 2009).

The progress on the reduction of crime, handling the anti-social behaviour and the engaging

number of offences to control and prevent the happening of the crime. After the new labour

reform, the multi-agency has developed through enforcement of law and implementing the

prevention strategies.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that different individuals have distinct perceptions in regard to crime. The

report has illustrated various influencing factors such as media that creates a negative impact

on the minds of the people. Critical analysis of the police recorded crime and that with CSEW

for measuring the accuracy of the crime. Further, discussion on the involvement of media and

community policing. The report has also illustrated the effectiveness of the decrease in crime

in the national platform and also its positive impact on individuals.

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