Measures of Dispersion: Data Class Boundaries Class Mark Frequency

218
Chapter 11 Measures of
Dispersion
Q & A (P.11.2) = 35
Number of shots that Ken gets a score of 9 or more = 2 Median = 35
Number of shots that Dave gets a score of 9 or more = 5 Mode = 35
∴ Dave has a greater chance of entering the final. 3.
Review Exercise (P.11.5)

Class Class
1. (a) Data Frequency
boundaries mark
1019 9.519.5 14.5 2
2029 19.529.5 24.5 5
3039 29.539.5 34.5 8
4049 39.549.5 44.5 6
5059 49.559.5 54.5 3
(b)
(a) Median = the 25th datum = 12.5
(b) Number of students with marks less than 9.5
= 10
(c) From the graph, the number of students with
marks less than 18.5 is 46.
The required percentage =  100% = 92%
4. (a) Monthly salary ($) Class mark ($) Frequency

8 00010 900 9 450 6
11 00013 900 12 450 15
14 00016 900 15 450 10
2. (a) Mean 17 00019 900 18 450 9
= Mean
= 14 =$ (9 450  6 + 12 450  15 + 15 450  10

+
Median = = 12 18 450  9)
Mode = 11 = $14 100
(b) Mean (b) The modal class is $11 000$13 900.

=
5. (a) Number of plants with heights greater than 30
cm
© Oxford University Press 2015

219 Solutions
=5 Q3 = 24C
(b) Mean = ∴ Inter-quartile range = (24  11)C = 13C
cm (b) ∵ The inter-quartile range of the average daily
= 27 cm temperatures of city B is larger than that of city
Median = 25 cm A.
Mode = 33 cm ∴ City B has a larger dispersion in the average
Instant Drill 1 (P.11.8) daily temperatures.
(a) Range = 17  4 = 13
(b) Range = 30  5 = 25 Instant Drill 6 (P.11.12)
(a) Median = = 28.5

Instant Drill 2 (P.11.8)
(a) Range of the scores of Ken = 9.80  8.35 = 1.45 Q1 = = 23.5
Range of the scores of Jane = 9.95  8.90 = 1.05
Q3 = = 36
(b) ∵ The range of the scores of Jane is smaller than
that of Ken. ∴ Inter-quartile range = 36  23.5 = 12.5
∴ Jane has a more consistent performance. (b) Largest datum = 41
Smallest datum = 10 + a
Instant Drill 3 (P.11.9) ∵ Range = 23
Upper class boundary of the last class interval = 124.5 ∴ 41  (10 + a) = 23
Lower class boundary of the first class interval = 99.5 31  a = 23
∴ Range of the IQ scores of the students a=8
= 124.5  99.5
= 25 (a) For S1 students,
range = (100  0) min = 100 min
Instant Drill 4 (P.11.10) For S3 students,
(a) Q1 = 8
range = (80  30) min = 50 min
Q3 = 21 ∵ The range of the time spent by S3 students is
∴ Inter-quartile range = 21  8 = 13 smaller than the range of the time spent by S1
(b) Q1 = = 12 students.
∴ S3 has a smaller dispersion in the time spent.
Q3 = = 30 (b)
∴ Inter-quartile range = 30  12 = 18

(a) For city A,
Q1 = 12C
Q3 = 17C
∴ Inter-quartile range = (17  12)C = 5C
For city B,
Q1 = 11C

Chapter 11: Measures of Dispersion 220
Hence, the data are more dispersed in the upper half.

(b) The box of department B is shorter than that of
department A, i.e. the inter-quartile range of
department B is smaller than that of department A.
Hence, department B has a smaller dispersion in the
typing speeds of the employees.

(a) Largest datum = 65
Smallest datum = x
∵ Range = 35
For S1 students,
∴ 65  x = 35
inter-quartile range = (64  42) min = 22 min
x = 30
For S3 students,
Q1 = 36
inter-quartile range = (68  56) min = 12 min
Q3 = y
∵ The inter-quartile range of the time spent by S3
∵ Inter-quartile range = 24
students is smaller than the inter-quartile range
∴ y  36 = 24
of the time spent by S1 students.
y = 60
∴ S3 has a smaller dispersion in the time spent.
(b) The 3rd quartile of the scores in test B is 66, which is
(a) 1st quartile = = 13 greater than the highest score in test A.
∴ The claim is agreed.
Median = = 19
3rd quartile = = 22 Instant Drill 12 (P.11.31)
(b) (a) Mean = =9
Standard deviation
=

Median = 65 cm =2
Largest datum = 85 cm (b) Mean = =7

Smallest datum = 55 cm
Standard deviation
∴ Range = (85  55) cm = 30 cm
Q1 = 60 cm =
Q3 = 75 cm
=5
∴ Inter-quartile range = (75  60) cm = 15 cm

(a) The median is closer to the left side of the box and the Mean =
whisker on the left is shorter than that on the right.

221 Solutions
= kg
=x+1 = 59 kg
(b) Standard deviation
Standard deviation
= kg
=
= 8.35 kg, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

=
=5
(a) Class mark 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Frequency
/ / 4 6 9 11 11 5 4 /
Instant Drill 14 (P.11.33) (set A)
(a) Mean for box A Frequency
2 2 3 8 12 8 6 5 2 2
(set B)
= kg
Consider set A.
= 3.4 kg Mean
Standard deviation for box A =
=
= 17
Standard deviation
=
kg
Mean for box B = 3.30, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= kg Consider set B.
Mean =
= 3.5 kg
Standard deviation for box B
= = 16
Standard deviation
=
kg
(b) ∵ The standard deviation for box A is larger than
that for box B.
= 4.16, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ Box A has a larger dispersion in the weights of
(b) ∵ The standard deviation of set B is larger than that
watermelons.
of set A.
∴ Set B is more dispersed.
(a) Weight (kg) 4049 5059 6069 7079 Instant Drill Corner 11.1 (P.11.14)
Class mark (kg) 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 1. (a) Range = 10  1 = 9
Frequency 6 13 18 3 Q1 = 3
Mean = Q3 = 9

∴ Inter-quartile range = 9  3 = 6 4.
(b) Range = 22  2 = 20
Q1 = 4
Q3 = 19
(c) Range = 35  5 = 30
Q1 = = 11
Q3 = = 29
(d) Range = 41  7 = 34
(a) Median = $50.5
Q1 = = 12
(b) Inter-quartile range = $(55.5  45.5) = $10
Q3 = = 33.5
Instant Drill Corner 11.2 (P.11.24)
∴ Inter-quartile range = 33.5  12 = 21.5
1. (a) Median = 18
Largest datum = 23
2. Upper class boundary of the last class interval = 50.5
Smallest datum = 15
Lower class boundary of the first class interval = 30.5
∴ Range of the numbers of working hours of the ∴ Range = 23  15 = 8
Q1 = 17
employees
Q3 = 20
= 50.5  30.5
= 20 ∴ Inter-quartile range = 20  17 = 3
(b) Median = 40
3. (a) Largest datum = 69 mm
Largest datum = 55
Smallest datum = 41 mm
Smallest datum = 10
∴ Range = (69  41) mm = 28 mm
(b) Q1 = 47 mm ∴ Range = 55  10 = 45
Q1 = 30
Q3 = (60 + k) mm
Q3 = 45
∵ Inter-quartile range = 19 mm
∴ 60 + k  47 = 19
k=6
2. (a) The median is closer to the right side of the box

and the whisker on the right is shorter than that
on the left. Hence, the data are more dispersed in
the lower half.
(b) The box of February is shorter than that of
January, i.e. the inter-quartile range of February
is smaller than that of January. Hence, the
dispersion in the daily mean relative humidity
was smaller in February.

223 Solutions
3. (a) Q1 = a
Q3 = 10
=
∴ 10  a = 5
a=5 =3
Largest datum = b (b) Mean
Smallest datum = 2 =
∵ Range = 13
∴ b  2 = 13
b = 15 =
(b) The number of targets hit by the trainee with the =x

poorest performance in the 2nd test is 6, which is Standard deviation
more than the 1st quartile of the number of =
targets hit in the 1st test.
=
1. Mean = 9 = 3.46, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Standard deviation = 4
2. (a) Mean for garden A
2. Mean = 14 = cm
Standard deviation = 5.54, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 26 cm
Standard deviation for garden A
3. Mean = 2.5
=
Standard deviation = 1.12, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
cm
4. Length (cm) 02 35 68 911 = 2 cm

Class mark (cm) 1 4 7 10 Mean for garden B
Frequency 3 5 8 4
= cm
Mean = 5.95 cm
Standard deviation = 2.89 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 25 cm
1. (a) Mean
Standard deviation for garden B
=
=
= cm
=x+1 = 4.55 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

Standard deviation (b) ∵ The standard deviation for garden A is
= smaller than that for garden B.

∴ Garden A has a smaller dispersion in the (b) Range = 23  (5) = 28

heights of the plants. (c) Range = 30  1 = 29
(d) Range = 41  0 = 41
3. (a) Time (min) 59 1014 1519 2024
Class mark (min) 7 12 17 22 3. Upper class boundary of the last class interval = 359.5 g
Frequency 2 4 8 6 Lower class boundary of the first class interval = 319.5
Mean g
∴ Range = (359.5  319.5) g = 40 g
= min
= 16.5 min 4. Upper class boundary of the last class interval = 80.5
Standard deviation min
=
Lower class boundary of the first class interval = 30.5
min min
∴ Range = (80.5  30.5) min = 50 min
= 4.72 min, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) ∵ The standard deviation of the waiting time
5. (a) Q1 = 4
of the passengers at bus stop A is larger
Q3 = 20
than that of the waiting time of the
passengers at bus stop B.
(b) Q1 = 7
∴ Bus stop A has a larger dispersion in the
Q3 = 8
waiting time.
∴ Inter-quartile range = 8  (7) = 15
(c) Q1 = = 16
4. (a) Class mark 1 3 5 7 9
Frequency 1 2 8 2 1 Q3 = = 43
Mean = =5 ∴ Inter-quartile range = 43  16 = 27
Standard deviation (d) Q1 = = 25.5
=
Q3 = = 51.5
∴ Inter-quartile range = 51.5  25.5 = 26

(b) ∵ The standard deviation of data set B is
6. (a) Arrange the data in ascending order.
larger than that of data set A.
7, 8, 12, 14, 17, 19
∴ Data set B is more dispersed.
Q1 = 8
Exercise 11A (P.11.15)
Q3 = 17
1. (a) Range = 19  1 = 18
(b) Range = 22  (4) = 26
(c) Range = 39  3 = 36
(b) Arrange the data in ascending order.
(d) Range = 45  6 = 39
1, 6, 12, 13, 16, 16, 20
Q1 = 6
2. (a) Range = 18  4 = 14
Q3 = 16

225 Solutions
∴ Inter-quartile range = 16  6 = 10 ∴ Range = (89.5  59.5) km/h = 30 km/h

(c) Arrange the data in ascending order. (b)
6C, 2C, 0C, 5C, 8C, 13C, 18C, 25C
Q1 = = 1C
Q3 = = 15.5C
∴ Inter-quartile range
= [15.5  (1)]C
= 16.5C
(d) Arrange the data in ascending order.
0.6 kg, 0.9 kg, 1.9 kg, 2.3 kg, 4.2 kg, 5.9 kg,
6.5 kg, 7.1 kg, 9.5 kg
Q1 = kg = 1.4 kg
Q3 = kg = 6.8 kg
Q1 = 69.5 km/h
∴ Inter-quartile range = (6.8  1.4) kg = 5.4 Q3 = 79.5 km/h
kg ∴ Inter-quartile range
= (79.5  69.5) km/h
7. (a) Range = (13.5  10.6) s = 2.9 s
= 10 km/h
(b) Q1 = s = 10.9 s
10. (a) Largest datum = $66

Q3 = s = 12.6 s
Smallest datum = $43
∴ Inter-quartile range = (12.6  10.9) s = 1.7 s ∴ Range = $(66  43) = $23
Median = $54
8.
(b) Q1 = $50
Q3 = $62
∴ Inter-quartile range = $(62  50) = $12
11. (a) Largest datum = 17

Smallest datum = 14
∴ Range = 17  14 = 3
(b) Median = 15
Q1 = 15
Q3 = 16
(a) 3rd quartile = 1.7 m ∴ Inter-quartile range = 16  15 = 1

(b) 1st quartile = 1.6 m
(c) Inter-quartile range = (1.7  1.6) m = 0.1 m
9. (a) Largest datum = 89.5 km/h
Smallest datum = 59.5 km/h

12. (a) Largest datum = 5 15. (a)

Smallest datum = 1
∴ Range = 5  1 = 4
(b) Median = =2
Q1 = = 1.5
Q3 = = 3.5
For S6A,
13. (a) Range of the weights of the members from
inter-quartile range = 52  16 = 36
university A
For S6B,
= (72  60) kg
= 12 kg
(b) ∵ The inter-quartile range of the scores of
Range of the weights of the members from
S6A
university B
is larger than that of the scores of S6B.
= (66  58) kg
∴ S6A has a larger dispersion in scores.
= 8 kg
(b) ∵ The range of the weights of the members 16. (a)
from university A is larger than that of the
weights of the members from university B.
∴ University A has a larger dispersion in the
weights of the team members.
14. (a) Consider contestant A.

Arrange the data in ascending order.
7.5, 7.5, 8.0, 8.0, 8.5, 8.5, 9.0
Q1 = 7.5
Q3 = 8.5
Consider contestant B.
Arrange the data in ascending order. For group A,
6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5 range = (80.5  30.5) kg = 50 kg
Q1 = 6.5 inter-quartile range = (48  44) kg = 4 kg
Q3 = 8.0 For group B,
∴ Inter-quartile range = 8.0  6.5 = 1.5 range = (90.5  30.5) kg = 60 kg
(b) ∵ The inter-quartile range of the scores of inter-quartile range = (55  38) kg = 17 kg
contestant A is smaller than that of the (b) ∵ The range and the inter-quartile range of the
scores of contestant B. weights of group B students are larger than
∴ The distribution of scores of contestant A is the range and the inter-quartile range of the
more consistent.

227 Solutions
weights of group A students respectively. ∵ Range = 26 h

∴ Group B has a larger dispersion in weights. ∴ 30 + a  8 = 26
17. (a) a=4
Q1 = (10 + b) h
Q3 = 29 h
∵ Inter-quartile range = 14 h
∴ 29  (10 + b) = 14
19  b = 14
b=5
(b) Since the frequency of the datum 16 h is 2 and
the mode is 25 h, the frequency of the datum 25
h must be more than 2.
Range = $(405  155) = $250 ∴ c=5
Inter-quartile range = $(355  255) = $100
(b) Range = $(499  120) = $379 20. (a) Q1 = 6 + x
Q3 = 28 + x
Q1 = = $219
Q3 = = $342 = (28 + x)  (6 + x)
= 22
∴ Inter-quartile range = $(342  219) = $123
(b) Largest datum = 31 + 2x
(c) ∵ The range and the inter-quartile range of the
Smallest datum = 5
selling prices of model cars are smaller than
∵ Range = 40
the range and the inter-quartile range of the
∴ 31 + 2x  5 = 40
selling prices of model aeroplanes respectively.
2x = 14
∴ Model cars have a smaller dispersion in
x=7
prices.
Exercise 11B (P.11.25)

18. (a) Q1 = 76 cm
1. (a)
Q3 = 95 cm
∴ Inter-quartile range = (95  76) cm = 19 cm
(b) Largest datum = 99 cm
(b)
Smallest datum = (60 + a) cm
∵ Range = 36 cm
∴ 99  (60 + a) = 36
39  a = 36
a=3 2. (a) 1st quartile = =7
Median = = 11
19. (a) Largest datum = (30 + a) h
Smallest datum = 8 h
3rd quartile = = 14

(b) 3. (a) 1st quartile = 9
Median = = 12
3rd quartile = 18
(b)
4. (a) 1st quartile = min = 45 min
Median = 50 min
3rd quartile = min = 56 min

(b)
5. (a) Median = 34
(b) Largest datum = 41
Smallest datum = 30
∴ Range = 41  30 = 11
(c) Q1 = 33
Q3 = 39
6. (a) Median = 60
(b) Largest datum = 70
Smallest datum = 25
∴ Range = 70  25 = 45
(c) Q1 = 45
Q3 = 65
7. (a) Median = 47 m
(b) Largest datum = 51 m
Smallest datum = 40 m
∴ Range = (51  40) m = 11 m
(c) Q1 = 42 m
Q3 = 50 m
∴ Inter-quartile range = (50  42) m = 8 m

229 Solutions
8. (a) Median = 58 m2 12. (a) Median = 29C

(b) Largest datum = 68 m 2
Largest datum = 31C
Smallest datum = 53 m 2
Smallest datum = 24C
∴ Range = (68  53) m2 = 15 m2 ∴ Range = (31  24)C = 7C
(c) Q1 = 56 m2 Q1 = 27C
Q3 = 62 m 2
Q3 = 29.5C
∴ Inter-quartile range = (62  56) m = 6 m
2 2
= (29.5  27)C
9. Q1 = 10 = 2.5C
Q3 = a (b) The median is closer to the right side of the box
∵ Inter-quartile range = 11 and the whisker on the right is shorter than that
∴ a  10 = 11 on the left. Hence, the data are more
a = 21 concentrated in the portion of higher
temperatures.
10. Largest datum = 50
Smallest datum = x
13. (a) 1st quartile = = 1.5
∵ Range = 28
∴ 50  x = 28
Median = =2
x = 22
Q1 = y 3rd quartile = =3
Q3 = 48 (b)
∴ 48  y = 18
y = 30
14. (a) Group A has a larger range of the numbers of

11. (a) Median = 16
visits.
Largest datum = 34
(b) The median is closer to the left side of the box
Smallest datum = 8
and the whisker on the left is shorter than that on
∴ Range = 34  8 = 26 the right. Hence, the data are more dispersed in
Q1 = 14
the upper half.
Q3 = 20
15. (a) From the diagrams, the largest datum of route B
(b) ∵ Q3 = 20
is larger than the largest datum of route A.
∴ The percentage of the participants whose
Hence, the passenger with the longest waiting
ages are not over 20 is 75%.
time belongs to route B.
(b) The box of route A is shorter than that of route B,
i.e. the inter-quartile range of route A is smaller
than that of route B. Hence, route A has a smaller
dispersion in the waiting time.

(b) (i)
16. (a) Arrange the data in ascending order.

450 g, 630 g, 650 g, 680 g, 740 g, 790 g,
790 g, 820 g
Median = g = 710 g
Range = (820  450) g = 370 g

(ii) It is because the smallest 25% of the data
Q1 = g = 640 g and the 1st quartile are all equal.
(iii) The median of the monthly salaries of the
Q3 = g = 790 g
employees of department B is equal to the
∴ Inter-quartile range = (790  640) g = 150 g least monthly salary of the employees of
(b) (i) department C. Hence, department B has
nearly half of the employees’ monthly
salaries less than the least monthly salary of
the employees of department C.
18. (a) Q1 = a s
Q3 = 77.5 s
∵ Inter-quartile range = 7.4 s
(ii) Both the box for S1 textbooks and the
∴ 77.5  a = 7.4
distance between the two ends of the
a = 70.1
whiskers of S1 textbooks are longer than
Largest datum = b s
those of S2 textbooks, i.e. both the range
Smallest datum = 66.3 s
and the inter-quartile range of S1 textbooks
∵ Range = 15.3 s
are larger than those of S2 textbooks
∴ b  66.3 = 15.3
respectively. Hence, S1 textbooks have a
b = 81.6
larger dispersion in weights than S2
(b) The longest time required by the members to
textbooks.
finish 100 m freestyle in the 2nd test is 80.6 s,
which is less than the longest time required in
17. (a) Median = = $14 000
the 1st test.
Range = $(17 000  9 000) = $8 000 ∴ The claim is disagreed.
Q1 = = $11 000
19. (a) Range = 20  15 = 5
Q3 = = $15 000 Median = = 16.5
∴ Inter-quartile range Q1 = = 15
= $(15 000  11 000)
= $4 000 Q3 = = 17

231 Solutions
(b) 5. Mean
= s
=5s
Standard deviation
=
(c) The 1st quartile of the scores in the 2nd test is s

22, which is 2 marks higher than the highest = 0.21 s, cor. to 2 d.p.
score in the 1st test.
6. (a) Mean = =6
Exercise 11C (P.11.38) (b) Standard deviation

=
1. Mean = =5
Standard deviation
= 1.02, cor. to 2 d.p.
=
=3 7. Temperature (C) 04 59 1014 1519

Class mark (C) 2 7 12 17
2. Mean = =6 Frequency 4 6 5 10
Standard deviation Mean = C =
= 11.2C
Standard deviation
= 3.58, cor. to 2 d.p.
=
3. Mean = = 18
Standard deviation
C
= = 5.6C
= 6.95, cor. to 2 d.p. 8. Speed (km/h) 4049 5059 6069 7079

Class mark (km/h) 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5
4. Mean = =9 Frequency 5 7 15 13
Standard deviation Mean
=
=
km/h
=4 = 63.5 km/h
Standard deviation
=

12. (a) Mean
km/h =
= 9.95 km/h, cor. to 2 d.p.
=x1
9. Class mark 118 123 128 133 138

Frequency 3 2 5 4 6
Standard deviation
Mean =
=
= 130 =
Standard deviation
= =5
(b) Mean
=
= 6.96, cor. to 2 d.p.
=
10. Class mark (min) 4 9 14 19 24 =x+1

Frequency 11 8 6 4 1 Standard deviation
Mean =
= min
= 10 min
Standard deviation
= =
mi = 1.41, cor. to 2 d.p.

(c) Mean
n
=
= 5.83 min, cor. to 2 d.p.
11. (a) Mean = = 50.5 =

Standard deviation =y
=
Standard deviation
=
= 20.14, cor. to 2 d.p.

(b) The standard deviation of data set A is larger
=
than that of data set B.
∴ Data set A is more dispersed. =4

233 Solutions
(d) Mean
15. (a) Largest datum = $53
=
Smallest datum = $(30 + k)
= ∵ Range = $21
∴ 53  (30 + k) = 21
= 4y + 3
23  k = 21
k=2
Standard deviation
=
=3
13. (a) Mean = 15
= 15
72 + a = 90
a = 18
(b) Standard deviation
=
=9
14. (a) Median = 23
= 23
k + 25 = 46
k = 21
(b) Mean = = 20
Standard deviation
=
= 9.42, cor. to 2 d.p.

(b) Mean
=
= $4.65, cor. to 2 d.p.

= $43 Mean for bag B
Standard deviation =$
=
= $58
Standard deviation for bag B
=
= $6.53, cor. to 2 d.p.
16. (a) 9 + 21 + 23 + 6 + k + 7 = 80
k = 14
= $3.79, cor. to 2 d.p.
Body length
(b) Class mark (cm) Frequency (b) ∵ The standard deviation for bag B is smaller
(cm)
than that for bag A.
145149 147 9
∴ Bag B has a smaller dispersion in the prices
150154 152 21
of the toys.
155159 157 23
160164 162 6
18. (a) Mean for team A
165169 167 14
170174 172 7 =
Mean = 25
= cm Standard deviation for team A

=
= 158 cm
Standard deviation
=
= 3.74, cor. to 2 d.p.
Mean for team B
cm =
= 7.47 cm, cor. to 2 d.p.
= 25
Standard deviation for team B
17. (a) Mean for bag A =
=
= $60
= 2.77, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) ∵ The standard deviation for team A is larger
than that for team B.
∴ Team A has a larger dispersion in the ages
of the members.
Standard deviation for bag A

= 19. (a) Score Class Frequency Frequency

235 Solutions
mark (S6A) (S6B)

120 10.5 3 2 Standard deviation
2140 30.5 4 6 =
4160 50.5 11 10
6180 70.5 8 8
81100 90.5 4 4
Mean for S6A = 9.16, cor. to 2 d.p.
= Consider set B.
Mean
=
= 54.5
Standard deviation for S6A
= = 24
Standard deviation
=
= 22.74, cor. to 2 d.p.
Mean for S6B
=
= 6.88, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) ∵ The standard deviation of set A is larger
= 54.5
than that of set B.
Standard deviation for S6B
∴ Set A is more dispersed.
=
Class mark
21. (a) 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
(mm)
= 22.15, cor. to 2 d.p. Frequency

1 1 8 7 4 3 1
(b) ∵ The standard deviation for S6B is smaller (batch A)
than that for S6A. Frequency

3 2 3 5 4 6 2
∴ S6B has a smaller dispersion in scores. (batch B)
Mean for batch A
=
20. (a) Class mark 15 20 25 30 35 40
Frequency
8 6 5 2 4 5
(set A) mm
= 20 mm
Frequency
7 5 10 4 3 1 Mean for batch B
(set B)
=
Consider set A.
Mean
= mm
= 20.96 mm
(b) Standard deviation for batch A
= 25.5 =

∴ The inter-quartile range and the standard

deviation are suitable measures of
mm dispersion.
= 5.43 mm, cor. to 2 d.p.
Standard deviation for batch B

=
mm
= 7.27 mm, cor. to 2 d.p.
(c) ∵ The standard deviation for batch B is larger
than that for batch A.
∴ Batch B is more dispersed in diameters.
22. (a) Consider set A.

Range = 88  73 = 15
Q1 = 76
Q3 = 83
Mean = = 79.5
Standard deviation
=
= 4.92, cor. to 2 d.p.

Consider set B.
Range = 88  73 = 15
Q1 = 79
Q3 = 87
Mean = =
Standard deviation
=
= 5.18, cor. to 2 d.p.

237 Solutions
(b) Consider set A.

Arrange the data in ascending order. (c) Consider set A.
16, 18, 22, 23, 24, 24, 29 Range = 70  27 = 43
Range = 29  16 = 13 Q1 = 30
Q1 = 18 Q3 = 69
Q3 = 24 ∴ Inter-quartile range = 69  30 = 39
Mean = =
Mean = =
Standard deviation
Standard deviation =
=
= 16.21, cor. to 2 d.p.

= 3.95, cor. to 2 d.p. Consider set B.
Consider set B. Range = 68  16 = 52
Arrange the data in ascending order. Q1 = 26
15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 27, 30 Q3 = 65
Range = 30  15 = 15 ∴ Inter-quartile range = 65  26 = 39
Q1 = 16
Mean = =
Q3 = 27
Mean = = Standard deviation

=
Standard deviation
=
= 20.33, cor. to 2 d.p.

∴ The range and the standard deviation are
suitable measures of dispersion.
= 5.06, cor. to 2 d.p. (d) Consider set A.
∴ The range, the inter-quartile range and the Arrange the data in ascending order.
standard deviation are suitable measures of 5, 8, 10, 27, 32, 46, 50, 53
dispersion. Range = 53  5 = 48
Q1 = =9
Q3 = = 48

∴ Inter-quartile range = 48  9 = 39 2. (a) 8 + a = 14

Mean a=6
b = 14 + 12
=
= 26
= 28.875
26 + c = 30
Standard deviation
c=4
=
(b) Weight (g) Class mark (g) Frequency
201220 210.5 8
221240 230.5 6
= 18.36, cor. to 2 d.p.
241260 250.5 12
Consider set B.
261280 270.5 4
Mean
9, 12, 16, 29, 31, 40, 50, 57
=
Range = 57  9 = 48
g
Q1 = = 14
= 238.5 g
Q3 = = 45
3. ∵ Median = 7
∴ k+7<4+9
Mean
k<6
=
∵ k is a positive integer.
= 30.5 ∴ k = 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
Standard deviation ∴ There are 5 possible values of k.
=
4. (a) Mean
=
= 16.55, cor. to 2 d.p. cm

∴ The inter-quartile range and the standard = 135 cm
deviation are suitable measures of
Median = cm = 136 cm
dispersion.
Mode = 137 cm
(b) Since the new mean is the same as the original
Supplementary Exercise 11 (P.11.45)
mean, the new datum is equal to the original
1. (a) Since the mode is 4, the frequency of the datum
mean,
4 must be more than 1.
i.e. 135 cm.
∴ x=4
New median = 135 cm  136 cm
y=4
∴ The median of the 19 data is not the same as
(b) Mean = =5
the median found in (a).

239 Solutions
5. (a) Range = 18  3 = 15
Q1 = 4 8.
Q3 = 16
(b) Arrange the data in ascending order.
5, 2, 0, 6, 9, 9, 14, 20
Range = 20  (5) = 25
Q1 = = 1
Q3 = = 11.5
= 11.5  (1)
= 12.5 Range = (13.45  10.45) s = 3 s
(c) Arrange the data in ascending order. Q1 = 12.05 s
7.2 kg, 8.5 kg, 10 kg, 11 kg, 15 kg, 19.5 kg, Q3 = 12.95 s
20.3 kg ∴ Inter-quartile range
Range = (20.3  7.2) kg = 13.1 kg = (12.95  12.05) s
Q1 = 8.5 kg = 0.9 s
Q3 = 19.5 kg
∴ Inter-quartile range 9. Largest datum = 56 mm
= (19.5  8.5) kg Smallest datum = (20 + a) mm
= 11 kg ∵ Range = 33 mm
∴ 56  (20 + a) = 33
6. Range = $(47 500 8 400) = $39 100 36  a = 33
Q1 = $10 200 a=3
Q3 = $21 000 Q1 = 30 mm
∴ Inter-quartile range Q3 = (40 + b) mm
= $(21 000  10 200) ∵ Inter-quartile range = 14 mm
= $10 800 ∴ 40 + b  30 = 14
10 + b = 14
7. Upper class boundary of the last class interval b=4
= 4.25 kg
Lower class boundary of the first class interval 10. (a) 1st quartile = mm = 24 mm
= 2.45 kg
∴ Range of the weights of the babies Median = mm = 27 mm
= (4.25  2.45) kg
3rd quartile = mm = 33 mm
= 1.8 kg

(b) = 0.875
11. (a) (i) Median = $85

(ii) Largest datum = $120
Smallest datum = $60
Range = $(120  60) = $60
(iii) Q1 = $75
Q3 = $100
= $(100  75)
= $25
(b) (i) Median = 900 m
(ii) Largest datum = 1 200 m
Smallest datum = 600 m
Range = (1 200  600) m = 600 m
(iii) Q1 = 700 m
Q3 = 1 000 m
= (1 000  700) m
= 300 m
12. (a) District A has a smaller range of the daily

numbers of traffic accidents.
(b) The median is closer to the right side of the box
and the whisker on the right is shorter than that
on the left. Hence, the data are more dispersed in
the lower half.
13. (a) Mean = =7
Standard deviation
=3
(b) Mean
=

241 Solutions
=
= $16.4, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

16. (a) (i) Arrange the data in ascending order.
(c) Mean
10, 20, 30, 30, 30, 40, 40, 50, 50, 80
=
Range = 80  10 = 70
cm 2
(ii) Q1 = 30
= 200 cm2
Q3 = 50
Standard deviation
=
(iii) Mean
=
cm2 = 38
= 10.8 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Standard deviation
=
14. Mean
=
m
(b) (i) Arrange the data in ascending order.
=3m
1.23, 1.77, 2.04, 2.54, 2.84, 3.06, 3.95
Standard deviation
= Range = 3.95  1.23 = 2.72
(ii) Q1 = 1.77
Q3 = 3.06
= 0.173 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ Inter-quartile range
= 3.06  1.77
15. Upper class boundary of the last class interval = $104.5 = 1.29
Lower class boundary of the first class interval = (iii) Mean
=
$44.5
∴ Range = $(104.5  44.5) = $60
Donation ($) Class mark ($) Frequency = 2.49
4559 52 10 Standard deviation

=
6074 67 7
7589 82 14
90104 97 9
= 0.836, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Mean
17. When there exists values of a and b such that the 1st
= quartile and the 3rd quartile are both equal to 0 or 3
= $75.25 (e.g. a = 30, b = 1 and a = 1, b = 30), the least

possible value of the inter-quartile range is obtained.
Standard deviation Least possible value of the inter-quartile range

= 3  3 (or 0  0) = 44 + x
=0 (b) ∵ The range is twice the inter-quartile range.
When there exists values of a and b such that the 1st ∴ 80 + 3x = 2(44 + x)
quartile is equal to 0 and the 3rd quartile is equal to 3 80 + 3x = 88 + 2x
(e.g. a = 3 and b = 3), the greatest possible value of x=8
the inter-quartile range is obtained.
Greatest possible value of the inter-quartile range 20. (a) ∵ The ranges of set M and set N are equal.
=30 ∴ 22  2 = 2b + c  c
=3 20 = 2b
b = 10
18. (a) ∵ The data of set N are arranged in ascending
order.
∴ c  8 and 2b + c  28
c  8 and 2(10) + c  28
c  8 and c8
∴ c=8
(b) Q1 of set M = =
Q3 of set M = = 11
Inter-quartile range of set M
= 11 
For team A,
= 10 
For team B, Q1 of set N = = 10
Q3 of set N = =
(b) ∵ The inter-quartile range of the ages of team
A is smaller than that of team B. Inter-quartile range of set N
∴ Team A has a smaller dispersion in ages.
=  10
(c) ∵ The ranges of the ages of the two teams are
the same. = 2
∴ We cannot use the range to compare the
∵ The inter-quartile ranges of set M and set N
dispersions of the ages of the two teams.
are equal.
∴ 10  = 2
2a = 12
19. (a) Range = (90 + 2x)  (10  x) = 80 + 3x a=6
Q1 = 11 + x
Q3 = 55 + 2x
∴ Inter-quartile range = 55 + 2x  (11 + x)

243 Solutions
21. (a) Median = 8.5 h

Q1 = 7.9 h Q1 = 7.2 units
Q3 = 9.3 h Q3 = b units
∴ Inter-quartile range ∵ Inter-quartile range = 1.9 units
= (9.3  7.9) h ∴ b  7.2 = 1.9
= 1.4 h b = 9.1
(b) Shortest finishing time = 6.9 h (b) The highest blood glucose level of the patients
Longest finishing time = 10.8 h after one year is 8.9 units, which is less than the
(c) The finishing times lie in the range 6.9 h7.9 h. 3rd quartile of the blood glucose level before the
(d) ∵ Q3 = 9.3 h programme.
∴ 25% of the drivers took more than 9.3 hours ∴ The claim is agreed.
to finish the race.
The required number of drivers 24. (a) Arrange the data in ascending order.
= 56  25% 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56, 56, 58,
= 14 61, 61, 62
Median = = 51
22. (a) Median = 88 kg
Range = 62  35 = 27
Q1 = 80 kg
Q3 = 93 kg Q1 = = 41
Q3 = = 57
= (93  80) kg
= 13 kg ∴ Inter-quartile range = 57  41 = 16
(b) (i) (b) (i) Consider the scores in the 2nd term test.
Largest datum = 74
Smallest datum = 53
Range = 74  53 = 21
Q1 = 57
Q3 = 70
(ii) The weights of a participant may be 99 kg Inter-quartile range = 70  57 = 13
and 65 kg before and after she attended the ∵ The range and the inter-quartile range
course respectively. The difference between of the scores in the 1st term test are
these two weights is 34 kg. larger than those of the scores in the
∴ We cannot conclude that none of the 2nd term test respectively.
15 participants has lost 20 kg or more. ∴ The scores in the 1st term test are more
dispersed than those in the 2nd term
test.
23. (a) Largest datum = 11.3 units
Smallest datum = a units (ii) The median of the scores in the 2nd term
∵ Range = 5 units test is 63, which is greater than the highest

score in the 1st term test.
∴ 11.3  a = 5
a = 6.3 ∴ We can say that not less than half of the
students show improvement in the 2nd

term test. Alternative Method

The minimum score in the 2nd term test is
53, which is greater than the median of the
scores in the 1st term test.
∴ We can say that not less than half of the
students show improvement in the 2nd
term test.
25. (a) Mean

=
=
=x+2
Standard deviation
=
=4
(b) Mean
= 6x  1
Standard deviation
=
=5
26. (a) Mean = 2
=2
=2
k + 54 = 2k + 36
k = 18

245 Solutions
Standard deviation of the scores of Carmen

(b) Median = = 1.5
=
Q1 = =1
Q3 = =3 = 0.277, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ Inter-quartile range = 3  1 = 2 (b) ∵ The standard deviation of the scores of
Standard deviation Sylvia is smaller than that of Carmen.

= ∴ Sylvia has a more consistent performance.
29. (a) Speed (x km/h) Class mark (km/h) Frequency

= 1.18, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 52  x < 60 56 4
60  x < 68 64 11
27. (a) 2 + 3 + k + 5 + 2 = 20
68  x < 76 72 15
k=8
76  x < 84 80 9
(b) Range = 5  1 = 4
84  x < 92 88 1
Q1 = = 2.5 (b) Range = (92  52) km/h = 40 km/h
Mean
Q3 = =4 =
∴ Inter-quartile range = 4  2.5 = 1.5 km/h
(c) Mean = = = 70.4 km/h

3.1 Standard deviation
=
km/h
= 7.84 km/h, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(c) ∵ The standard deviation of the speeds
recorded at checkpoint B is larger than that
28. (a) Mean of the scores of Sylvia
at checkpoint A.
=
∴ The speeds of the cars recorded at
= 9.5 checkpoint B are more dispersed.
Standard deviation of the scores of Sylvia
=
30. (a) =7
a + b + c + d = 28 .................................. (1)
= 0.129, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =7
Mean of the scores of Carmen
a + b + c + d + e = 35 ............................. (2)
= (2)  (1): e = 7
= 9.5

(b) =2
=4
(a  7)2 + (b  7)2 + (c  7)2 + (d  7)2 = 20

The required standard deviation
31. Mean = 10
= 10
71 + x + y = 80
x+y=9
y = 9  x ............ (1)
(x  10)2 + (y  10)2 = 101 .... (2)

Substitute (1) into (2).
(x  10)2 + (9  x  10)2 = 101
(x  10)2 + (x + 1)2 = 101
x2  20x + 100 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 101
2x2  18x = 0
x2  9x = 0
x(x  9) = 0
x = 0 or 9
When x = 0, y = 9  0 = 9.
When x = 9, y = 9  9 = 0.
∵ x>y
∴ The values of x and y are 9 and 0 respectively.

247 Solutions
32. (a) Largest datum = 40 + b

Smallest datum = 10 + a 33.
∵ Range = 27
∴ 40 + b  (10 + a) = 27
30 + b  a = 27
a  b = 3 ...................... (1)
= 30
527 + a + b = 540
a + b = 13 ............................................. (2) (a) Median = 6.1 kg
(1) + (2): 2a = 16 Q1 = 5.8 kg
a=8 Q3 = 6.6 kg
Substitute a = 8 into (2). ∴ Inter-quartile range
8  b = 13 = (6.6  5.8) kg
b=5 = 0.8 kg
(b) Number of ways of choosing 6 members from (b) Number of king size turkeys on the farm
the members whose ages are below 40 = 200  190
= = 10
Number of ways of choosing 4 members from (c) (i) P(two king size turkeys are chosen)
the members whose ages are over 29 and below
=
40
= =
Number of ways of choosing 2 members from
the members whose ages are not over 29 (ii) P(only one king size turkey is chosen)
= =
The required probability
=
=
= 34. D
4, 0, 3, 6, 9, 14
Range = 14  (4) = 18
Q1 = 0
Q3 = 9

35. A
37. C
Largest datum = (80 + a) kg
From the cumulative frequency curves,
Smallest datum = 57 kg
median of set X > median of set Y
∵ Range = 27 kg
range of set X < range of set Y
∴ 80 + a  57 = 27
inter-quartile range of set X
a=4
< inter-quartile range of set Y
Q1 = kg = 63 kg
∴ Only II and III must be true.
Q3 = kg = kg
38. B
∵ Inter-quartile range = 14 kg Median = 90 cm
∴ The percentage of children with heights not
∴ + 74  63 = 14
greater than 90 cm is 50%.
=3
39. B
b=6
Largest datum = 22
Smallest datum = 7
36. C
Median = 13
Consider {x  , x  x, x +  x + }.
Q1 = 7
Range = (x + 4)  (x  7) = 11
Q3 = 22
Mean
∵ Largest datum = Q3
= Smallest datum = Q1
∴ The box-and-whisker diagram does not have
=
whiskers.
=x ∴ The answer is B.
Median = x
40. C
Consider {x  , x  x  2, x +  x + }.
Mean
Range = (x + 6)  (x  5) = 11
Mean =
=
=
= =a1
Standard deviation
=x =
Median = x  2
∴ Both the ranges and the means of the two sets of
numbers are the same, but the medians are =
different.
∴ Only I and II must be true. = 5.37, cor. to 2 d.p.

249 Solutions
41. B
Mean
48. (a) median = 31, mode = 23
=
(b) (i) a = 0, b = 7; a = 1, b = 8; a = 2, b = 9
= 1.875
(ii)
Standard deviation
=
49. D 50. B 51. B 52. B
= 1.05, cor. to 2 d.p. 53. D
42. A Unit Test (P.11.60)

The mean of the scores of each class is about 60. For 1. (a) Median = 37 (1A)
the scores of class A, more scores are closer to the Mean
mean and fewer scores are further away from the
=
mean. For the scores of class B and class C, the
number of scores further away from the mean is = 36 (1A)
greater than the number of scores closer to the mean. Largest datum = 45
Therefore, class A has the smallest standard deviation Smallest datum = 26
in the scores. Range = 45  26 = 19 (1A)
Q1 = = 31
43. median = 67 kg, range = 25 kg,
standard deviation = 7.65 kg Q3 = = 41
∴ Inter-quartile range = 41  31 = 10 (1A)

44. (a) median = 26 words per minute, Standard deviation
range = 27 words per minute, =
inter-quartile range = 14 words per minute
(b) (i) no
(ii) yes = 5.88, cor. to 3 sig. fig. (1A)
(b) ∵ The standard deviation of the ages of
45. (a) least: 0, greatest: 3 employees in office A is smaller than that in
(b) 4 office B. (1M)
∴ Office A has a smaller dispersion in the
46. (a) a = 11.3, b = 15.3 ages.
(b) yes (1A)
47. (a) mean = , inter-quartile range = 2,
standard deviation = 1.5

(b) decreased by 0.048 5

2. (a) Largest datum = 15.9 s

Smallest datum = a s
∵ Range = 5.2 s
∴ 15.9  a = 5.2
a = 10.7 (1A)
Q1 = 11.3 s
Q3 = b s
∵ Inter-quartile range = 2.1 s
∴ b  11.3 = 2.1
b = 13.4 (1A)
(b) The longest time taken by the children after
training is 13.2 s, which is less than the 3rd
quartile before the training. (1M)
∴ We can say that at least 25% of the children
show improvement in the time taken to
finish a 50 m race after training. (1A)
3. A
Mean
= 58.125
Standard deviation
=
= 11.8, cor. to 1 d.p.
4. D
From the diagrams, q1 < q2 and r1 < r2.
But we do not know whether u1 < u2 or not.
∴ Only II and III must be true.

Measures of Dispersion: Data Class Boundaries Class Mark Frequency

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218

Review Exercise (P.11.5)

The required percentage =  100% = 92%

4. (a) Monthly salary ($) Class mark ($) Frequency

= 14 =$ (9 450  6 + 12 450  15 + 15 450  10

Mode = 11 = $14 100

(b) Mean (b) The modal class is $11 000$13 900.

© Oxford University Press 2015

(a) Median = = 28.5

Instant Drill 5 (P.11.11)

© Oxford University Press 2015

Hence, the data are more dispersed in the upper half.

Instant Drill 11 (P.11.24)

3rd quartile = = 22 Instant Drill 12 (P.11.31)

(b) (a) Mean = =9

Instant Drill 9 (P.11.22)

Largest datum = 85 cm (b) Mean = =7

Instant Drill 13 (P.11.31)

© Oxford University Press 2015

= 8.35 kg, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

© Oxford University Press 2015

2. (a) The median is closer to the right side of the box

© Oxford University Press 2015

(b) The number of targets hit by the trainee with the =x

4. Length (cm) 02 35 68 911 = 2 cm

=x+1 = 4.55 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

© Oxford University Press 2015

∴ Garden A has a smaller dispersion in the (b) Range = 23  (5) = 28

∴ Inter-quartile range = 51.5  25.5 = 26

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∴ Inter-quartile range = 16  6 = 10 ∴ Range = (89.5  59.5) km/h = 30 km/h

10. (a) Largest datum = $66

11. (a) Largest datum = 17

(a) 3rd quartile = 1.7 m ∴ Inter-quartile range = 16  15 = 1

© Oxford University Press 2015

12. (a) Largest datum = 5 15. (a)

∴ Inter-quartile range = 3.5  1.5 = 2

14. (a) Consider contestant A.

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weights of group A students respectively. ∵ Range = 26 h

Exercise 11B (P.11.25)

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(b) 3. (a) 1st quartile = 9

4. (a) 1st quartile = min = 45 min

3rd quartile = min = 56 min

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8. (a) Median = 58 m2 12. (a) Median = 29C

14. (a) Group A has a larger range of the numbers of

© Oxford University Press 2015

16. (a) Arrange the data in ascending order.

Range = (820  450) g = 370 g

Q3 = = $15 000 Median = = 16.5

© Oxford University Press 2015

(c) The 1st quartile of the scores in the 2nd test is s

Exercise 11C (P.11.38) (b) Standard deviation

=3 7. Temperature (C) 04 59 1014 1519

Standard deviation Mean = C =

= 6.95, cor. to 2 d.p. 8. Speed (km/h) 4049 5059 6069 7079

© Oxford University Press 2015

12. (a) Mean

9. Class mark 118 123 128 133 138

10. Class mark (min) 4 9 14 19 24 =x+1

mi = 1.41, cor. to 2 d.p.