THANKS, MY FRIEND

LET’S MOVE TO THE ARRANGEMENTS IN FIBRE REINFORCEMENT

ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT FIBRE LYING STYLE, THERE ARE OF FOUR TYPES

1. UNIDIRECTIONAL IN WHICH FIBERS ARE ARRANGED IN ONE DIRECTION

2. BIDIRECTIONAL IN WHICH THE FIBRES ARE LAID IN DIFFERENT DIRECTION
3. DISCONTINUOUS FIBER IN WHICH THE FIBER SPRINKLES ARE SPREAD
4. WOVEN IN WHICH WEAVEN FIBERS ARE LAID

THEN WE DISCUSS ABOUT LAMINATED COMPOSITE

A laminated composite is an assembly of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined
to provide required engineering properties, including

- in plane stiffness
- bending stiffness
- strength and coefficient of thermal expansion.

The individual layers of composite consist of

- high modulus
- and high strength fibres in a polymeric, metallic, or ceramic matrix material.

AS THERE IS LAMINATED PLATES IN THE COMPOSITES, WE MUST NEED TO KNOW THE STACKING
SEQUENCE, IF THE PLY ARRANGEMENT IS IN SAME DIRECTION, THEN IT IS UNIDIRECTIONAL

STACKING SEQUENCE is the laminate arrangement which is designated by using a special

nomenclature. In this nomenclature, the fibre orientation of all layers stacked in the form of

0/-45/+90/+45.

There can be a symmetric or anti-symmetric in nature depending upon our usage.

For this, they are mainly classified under two categories:

- Angle ply
- Cross ply (this classification is done according to their ply arrangement angles)

Then, LETS MOVE ON TO THE NEXT SLIDES

THEN WE WILL PROCEED TO THE NEXT SLIDE

IN THIS SLIDE WE WILL FOCUS ON THE MANUFACTURING OF COMPOSITES

The needs of the high-rise building and aerospace industry led to the development and application
of composite which is lighter as well as stronger than other materials and have multiple properties.

Advancement in the manufacturing process and technology of laminated composites plates have
changed the use of the composites from secondary structural components to the primary ones.

THEN WE WIL SEE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

1. THE FIRST ONE IS Open Mould Processes

IN THIS PROCESS WE HAVE TO FOLLOW some of the original FPR that is Fibre Reinforced Plastic
manual procedures for laying of resins and fibres on to forms.

2. SECOND ONE IS Closed Mould Processes

THIS PROCESS IS COMPLETELY DONE IN A CLOSED ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS much more similar to
the process used in plastic moulding.

3. THEN THE THIRD ONE IS Filament Winding

IN THIS PROCESS THE continuous filaments are dipped in liquid resin and wrapped around a
rotating mandrel (OR SHAFT) which produce a rigid hollow cylindrical shape.

4. AFTERTHAT Pultrusion Processes

THIS PROCESS IS similar to extrusion only adapted to include continuous fibre reinforcement.

WHERE Continuous fibre rovings are dipped into a resin bath and pulled through a shaping die where
the impregnated resin cures and then the cured product is cut into long straight sections.

HERE IN THIS VIDEO, WE WILL WATCH HOW THIS PULTRUSION PROCESS WORK.

I WILL HANDOVER IT TO MY FRIEND, HE WILL REPRESENT THE NEXT FURTHER SLIDES