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General Studies-I | 15 Jun 2022

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern
times.
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different
parts of the country.
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars,
Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like
Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and
Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of Globalization on Indian society.
Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-
bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

Art & Culture

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern
times
Indian Art Forms Bhakti & Sufi Movements
Spread of Bhakti and Sufi Movements
Indian Paintings Women Poets of Bhakti
Mural Paintings
Miniature Paintings Literature
Mughal, Rajput, Pahari Paintings
Dances in India Classical Sanskrit Literature
Classical Dance Forms Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas
Folk Dance Forms Books written by Kalidasa, Vishakhadatta etc
Modern Dance Ancient Buddhist Literature
Music Ancient Jainism Literature
Classical Music Early Dravidian Literature (eg Sangam Period)
Folk Music Medieval Literature
Puppetry Trends in Medieval Literature
String Puppets Modern Indian Literature
Shadow Puppets
Rod Puppets Architecture
Glove puppets
Modern Puppetry Harappan Architecture
Tribal Puppetry Mauryan Architecture
Pottery Post-Mauryan Period Gupta Period
Ochre Coloured Pottery(OCP) Temple Architecture
Black and Red Ware (BRW) Nagara Style
Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Dravida Style
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Northern Black Polished Ware Vesara Style

(NBPW) Cave Architecture
Glazed and Unglazed Pottery Buddhist Cave
Drama/Theatre Jaina Caves
Classical Sanskrit Theatre Gupta Period Caves
Regional Theatre Medieval and Indo-Islamic Architecture
Modern Theatre Imperial Style Delhi Sultanate
Martial Arts Provincial Style
Thang Ta Mughal Style
Gatka Sikh Style of Architecture
Kalaripayattu Rajput Architecture
Mallakhamb Salient features
Silambam Colonial Architecture & Modern Architecture
Other Important Martial Arts European Influence
Visual Art Indo-Saracenic Architecture
Sculptures of Harappan Civilization Post-Independence Period
Sculptures of the Mauryan Age Contribution of Buddhism & Jainism to the
Post-Mauryan Period Development of Indian Architecture
Jain Sculptures Rock Cut Architecture
Buddhist Sculpture South Indian
Gupta Sculpture Western Indian
Medieval School of Sculpture Eastern Indian
Modern Indian Sculpture

Ancient History
Pre-Historic Post-Mauryan India  

Stone Age  Arrival of Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians &

Chalcolithic Age  Kushana 
Iron Age  Satavahanas and Other Indigenous Dynasties 
Schools of Art: Gandhara; Mathura; Amravati 
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)  Imperial Guptas 
Political history of Guptas  
Town Planning  Gupta Administration  
Harappan Society  Development of Art & Culture 
Characteristics of Major Centers  Age of Golden age 
Harappan Art & Architecture  Economic Conditions  
Decline of Harappan Culture  Urban centres in Gupta period 
Harshavardana 
Sources for Harsha’s Period  
Vedic Society  Early life of Harsha 
Harsha’s Administration 
Original Home of Aryans  Important Officials of the empire 
Socio- Economic Characters of Vedic Economy under Harsha 
Society  Huen Tsang 
Vedic Literature  Society 
Social Organization and Varna System   Religion 
Religion and Thought  The Southern Dynasties 
Satavahanas (230 BC TO AD 225)  
Pre-Mauryan Period  Pallavas (AD 330–796)  
Chalukyas (AD 535–1190) 
Mahajanpadas  Pandyas of Madurai (AD 590–1323)  
Haryanka dynasty   Chola Dynasty (AD 850–1310)  
Shishunaga dynasty   Rashtrakutas (AD 753–973)  
Nanda dynasty 
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Jainism and Buddhism 

Gautam Buddha 
Mahavira  
Growth of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Empire 

Chandragupta and Bindusara  

Arthasastra (Book by Kautilya) 
Megasthenes 
Asoka and His Successors  
Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites  
Asoka’ a Dhamma  
Mauryan. Administration, Economy, Society
and Art 
Decline of Maurya 

Medieval History
Delhi Sultanate  Sur Dynasties

Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty  Maratha Empire

Khilji Dynasty 
Tughluq dynasty  Deccan Sultanate 
Sayyid Dynasty 
Lodi dynasty 
Ahmednagar Sultanate 
Bijapur Sultanate 
Struggle for Empire in North India Berar Sultanate 
(Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals)  Golconda Sultanate 
Bidar Sultanate 
Mughals 

Babur 
Humayun 
Akbar 
Jahangir 
Shah Jahan 
Aurangzeb 
Later Mughals 
Decline of Mughal Empire 

Modern History
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of
the country
Important Modern History Events Before Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939) 
1857 
Mahatma Gandhi – His Ideas & Leadership 
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Later Mughals   Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 

Regional powers in 18th  Century   Rowlatt Act, Satyagrah and Jallianwala Bagh
Carnatic Wars  Massacre 
Battle of Plassey & Buxar   Non-cooperation & Khilafat Movement 
Anglo-Mysore War   Swarajists & No-Changers 
Anglo Punjab War   Emergence of New Forces – Socialistic Ideas,
Socio-economic Condition of People  Youth & Trade Unionism 
European Penetration of India  Revolutionary Activity 
British Conquest of India  Simon Commission & Nehru Report 
British Policies & Their Impact – Economic, Civil Disobedience Movement 
Administrative & Socio-cultural  Round Table Conferences 
Socio-cultural Reform Movements  Communal Award & Poona Pact 
Uprisings Against British Pre-1857  Participation in Elections to Central Legislature
(1934) & Provincial Assemblies (1937) 
Revolt of 1857  Government of India Act, 1935 

Causes, Leaders, and Nature of revolt of Towards Freedom & Partition (1939-1947) 
1857  
Suppression of revolt of 1857   National Movement During World War II 
Consequences of Revolt of 1857  August Offer 
Act of Good Governance 1858  Individual Satyagraha 
Growth of Communalism 
Growth of Nationalism in India (1858- Peasant Movements 
State People’s Struggle 
1905) 
Cripps Mission 
Quit India Movement 
Political, Economic & Administrative
Wavell Plan 
Unification of the Country  INA & Subhash Chandra Bose 
Role of Western Education 
Cabinet Mission 
Role of Press 
Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II 
Rediscovery of India’s Past 
Independence with Partition 
Early Political Movements 
Formation of INC 
Era of Moderates 

Growth of Militant Nationalism &

Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918) 
Swadeshi & Boycott Movement 
Surat Split 
International Influence 
Morley – Minto Reforms 
Growth of Communalism 

Post-Independence India
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country
Nation Building Polity
Partition and Its Aftermath Era of One-Party Dominance
Integration of Princely States Emergence of Opposition Parties
Linguistic Regionalism in India Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order
Reorganisation of States Rise of Regional Parties
Issue of Official Language Coalition Era
Tribal Consolidation
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Regional Aspirations Social

Foreign Policy Popular Movements
Communalism
Non-Aligned Movement Indian Women Since Independence
Panchsheel Issue of Women and Evolution of Women
Wars with Pakistan & China Movement
Nuclear Policy Naxalism

Economy Post-Independence Policy of Science And

Technology
Planned Development
Green Revolution, Operation Flood & India’s Policy in the Field of the Science and
Cooperatives Technology
Agrarian & Land Reforms Impact of Economic Reform on the Science and
Industrial Reforms Technology in India
LPG Reforms

World History
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars,
Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like
Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society
Beginning of the Modern World World Between the Two Wars
Renaissance Europe After the War – Fascism & Nazism
Discovery of Sea Routes The Great Depression
Reformation Emergence of Soviet Union
Counter Reformation Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa
Industrial Revolution US as a Strong Power
European Nations Settle North America
Rise of Slave Trade World War II
American War of Independence
Foundation of American Colonies Fascist Aggression & Response of Western
The Independence of United States of Democracies
America Outbreak of the War
The American Revolutionary War Theatres of the War
What was the impact of American US Entry into the War
Revolution? Global Nature of the War
US Civil War The Holocaust
Impact of Civil War on USA Resistance Movements
Global Impact of US Civil War After-effects of the War
Impact on India
French Revolution
Causes
Decolonialisation & Redrawal of National
The revolution in France Boundaries
France under Napoleon
Impact of revolution Europe after World War II
Significance of revolution Cold War
Nationalism in Europe Rise of Asia & Africa
Rise of the nation- state system Developments in West Asia & North Africa
Unification of Italy Spread of Communism
Unification of Germany Korean War
Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism & Vietnam War
Imperialism Cuban Crisis
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Colonialism Collapse of Soviet Union

The age of Imperialism (1870-1914)
Imperialism in Asia Concept, Types & Social Impact of Political
Analysis of Colonialism
Philosophies
World War I Communism
Capitalism
Causes of the War Socialism
Scope & Course of the War
Russian Revolution
Major events in pre-revolution Russia
Causes
Course of revolution
Consequences
Aftermath of the war
Post-Lenin Russia
End of the War & Peace Treaties
Consequences of the War
League of Nations

Salient features of Indian Society,
Diversity of India
Features of Indian society
Diversity (Types – caste, linguistic, social and
religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, culture)
Challenges posed by Diversity
Unity
Pluralism
Unity in Diversity
Inequality and Exclusion
Family System
Examples of above.
Role of Women and Women’s
Organization
Women’s organizations in Indian history
Types of women’s organizations
Level of penetration
19th Century Social Reform Movements and
Early Women's Organisations –
Agrarian Struggles and Revolt
Participation in Freedom Struggle
Women’s organization (With Examples)
Problems faced by women’s organizations
Is a larger vocal role possible and ways to
achieve the same
Role of SHGs, Micro finance Institution
Population and Associated Issues
Indian Society
Effects of Globalization on Indian society
Understanding Globalisation – Its Different
Dimensions
Globalisation & Culture - Homogenisation vs.
Glocalisation
Factors Driving Globalisation
Globalisation & India
Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-
cultural, economic, on women, agrarian sector
etc.
Does Globalisation cause Poverty?
Social Empowerment
Which are the Socially Disadvantaged Groups?
Meaning and concept of social empowerment
Dimensions of Social Empowerment
Why do we need social empowerment?
Government Initiatives to Aide Social
Empowerment
Empowerment in reality and India’s experience
Communalism
Communalism – Its Characteristics
Communalism in India in the Past
Communalism in Contemporqary India
Causes of Communalism
Consequences of Communalism
Measures to Control & Eradicate Communalism
Secularism as an Antidote to Communalism

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Basic Demography of India Regionalism

Population Trends in India and their
Implications
Causes and Effects of Over Population
Challenges of Population Explosion
Changing Age Structure of Indian Population
Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane for
India
Population Aging in India
India's Population Policy & Initiatives
Poverty and Developmental Issues
Concept of Region & Regionalism
Different Forms of Regionalism
Regionalism in India
Causes of Regionalism
Concept of 'Sons of Soil'
Consequences of Regionalism
Federalism & Regionalism
Role of Regional Parties
Measures to Contain Regionalism
Regionalism in the International Sphere

Concept of Development and Poverty Secularism

Types of Poverty
Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Line Concept of Secularism
Causes of Poverty Indian Model of Secularism
Poverty as a Social Problem Secularism in India
Socio-economic Spread of Poverty Nature & Practice of Secularism in India
Consequences of Poverty – Uniform Civil Code
Inequality Challenges faced by Secularism in India
Continuation of Vicious Cycle Measures to Make India Truly Secular
Who is worst affected by poverty?
Problem of Rising Urban Poverty
Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
Policy shifts from “Trickle Down” Economics
to Inclusive or Pro-poor Development to
Reduce Poverty
Relation between Poverty Reduction and
Development: Poverty-Inequality-
Development Nexus

Urbanization, their problems and their

remedies

Urbanisation Trends in India and Their

Implications - Demographic and Social
Dimensions
Factors Driving Urbanisation
State of Service Delivery and Challeges posed
by Urbanisation
Problems of Urban Areas
Social Consequences of Urbanisation
Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas
Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)
Reforms Required and Government Initiatives
Taken So Far
Problems of Slums

World and Indian Geography

Salient features of World’s Physical Important Geophysical Phenomena such as
Geography earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity,

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Geomorphology cyclone etc., geographical features and their

Origin & Evolution of Earth location-changes in critical geographical
Interior of the Earth
Distribution of Continents & Oceans features (including Water-bodies and Ice-
Plate Tectonic Theory caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects
Distribution of Earthquakes & of such changes
Volcanoes
Rocks & Rock Cycle Earthquakes
Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Why Does Earth Shake?
Exogenic Earthquake Waves
Landforms & their Evolution Shadow Zone
Geological Time Scale Types of Earthquake
Oceanography Measuring Earthquake
Hydrological Cycle Effects of Earthquake
Seafloor Spreading Tsunami
Ocean Floor Configuration What Causes Tsunami
Temperature & Salinity of Oceans Effect of Tsunami
Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
Currents Volcanoes
Climatology Types of Volcanoes
Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & What Causes Volcanoes?
Structure Volcanic Landforms
Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Intrusive volcanic Landforms
Temperature Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Distribution of Volcanoes
Systems Cyclone
World Climate (examples) Tropical Cyclones
Soil Geography Anti-Cyclone
Soil & Soil Contents Extra Tropical Cyclones
Process of Soil Formation Factors Causing Changes in Critical
Soil Forming Factors Geographical Features
Types of Soils (examples) Examples of Changing Geographical Features -
Soil Erosion & Conservation Melting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.
Impact of Changing Geographical Features
Distribution of Key Natural Resources Physical Geography of India
across the world (including South Asia Physiography of India
Drainage System
and the Indian sub-continent) Climate
Soils in India
Types of Resources Natural Vegetation
On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Human Geography
Exhaustability etc.
Demography
Land Resources Urbanization
Land Utilisation Census
Land Use Pattern Economic Geography
Land Degradation & Conservation
Agriculture
Forest Resources
Mineral resource
Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Energy resources
Forests etc. Industry
Causes of Depletion Transport and Communication
Conservation of Forests
Water Resources
Marine & Freshwater
Water Scarcity & Need For
Conservation
Integrated Water Resources
Management
Agricultural Resources
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Types of Farming
Cropping Patterns
Contribution to Economy, Employment
& Output
Food Security
Mineral & Energy Resources
Classification of Minerals – Ferrous &
Non-Ferrous
Occurrence of Minerals
Conservation of Minerals
Classification of Energy Resources –
Conventional & Non-Conventional
Occurrence of Energy Resources
Conservation of Energy Resources

Factors responsible for the location of

primary, secondary, and tertiary sector
industries in various parts of the world
(including India)
Classification of Industries
Location & Distribution of the Industries on
the Basis of
Raw Material
Labour
Market
Capital
Land
Grants & Financial Incentives
Power
Transport
Water
Communication
Distribution of Major Industries – Iron &
Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
Agglomeration & Footloose Industries

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