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Ukraine conflict: Putin lays out his

demands in Turkish phone call
By John Simpson

World Affairs editor

4 days ago Comments

Russia-Ukraine war

REUTERS

Turkey has positioned itself with great care to be the go-between with
Russia and Ukraine - and this seems to be paying off.

On Thursday afternoon, President Vladimir Putin rang the Turkish President,

Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and told him what Russia's precise demands were for a

peace deal with Ukraine.

Withi h lf h f th di f th h ll I i t i dM E d '
Within half an hour of the ending of the phone call, I interviewed Mr Erdogan's
leading adviser and spokesman, Ibrahim Kalin. Mr Kalin was part of the small
group of officials who had listened in on the call.

The Russian demands fall into two categories.

The first four demands are, according to Mr Kalin, not too difficult for Ukraine
to meet.

Chief among them is an acceptance by Ukraine that it should be neutral and

should not apply to join Nato. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky has
already conceded this.

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There are other demands in this category which mostly seem to be face-saving
elements for the Russian side.

Ukraine would have to undergo a disarmament process to ensure it wasn't a

threat to Russia. There would have to be protection for the Russian language
in Ukraine. And there is something called de-Nazification.

This is deeply offensive to Mr Zelensky, who is himself Jewish and some of

whose relatives died in the Holocaust, but the Turkish side believes it will be
easy enough for Mr Zelensky to accept. Perhaps it will be enough for Ukraine
to condemn all forms of neo-Nazism and promise to clamp down on them.

Contains some upsetting scenes.

 Watch: The BBC's Quentin Sommerville follows Ukrainian troops holding the front line as Russia
pounds Kharkiv

The second category is where the difficulty will lie, and in his phone call, Mr
Putin said that it would need face-to-face negotiations between him and
President Zelensky before agreement could be reached on these points. Mr
Zelensky has already said he's prepared to meet the Russian president and
negotiate with him one-to-one.

Mr Kalin was much less specific about these issues, saying simply that they
involved the status of Donbas, in eastern Ukraine, parts of which have already
broken away from Ukraine and stressed their Russianness, and the status of
Crimea.

Although Mr Kalin didn't go into detail, the assumption is that Russia will
demand that the Ukrainian government should give up territory in eastern
Ukraine. That will be deeply contentious.

The other assumption is that Russia will demand that Ukraine should formally
accept that Crimea, which Russia illegally annexed in 2014, does indeed now
belong to Russia. If this is the case, it will be a bitter pill for Ukraine to
swallow.

Nevertheless, it is a fait accompli, even though Russia has no legal right to

own Crimea and actually signed an international treaty, after the fall of
Communism but before Vladimir Putin came to power, accepting that Crimea
was part of Ukraine.
 Ibrahim Kalin was one of the few people to listen in on the phone call between Russia and Turkey's
leaders

Still, President Putin's demands are not as harsh as some people feared and
they scarcely seem to be worth all the violence, bloodshed and destruction
which Russia has visited on Ukraine.

Given his heavy-handed control over the Russian media, it shouldn't be too
hard for him and his acolytes to present all this as a major victory.

For Ukraine, though, there are going to be serious anxieties.

If the fine details of any agreement aren't sorted out with immense care,
President Putin or his successors could always use them as an excuse to
invade Ukraine again.

A peace deal could take a long time to sort out, even if a ceasefire stops the
bloodshed in the meantime.

Ukraine has suffered appallingly over the past few weeks, and rebuilding the
towns and cities which Russia has damaged and destroyed will take a long
time. So will rehousing the millions of refugees who have fled their homes.

What about Vladimir Putin himself? There have been suggestions that he is ill,
or possibly even mentally unbalanced. Did Mr Kalin detect anything strange
about him in the phone call? Not at all, he said. Mr Putin had apparently been
clear and concise in everything he said.

Yet even if he does manage to present an agreement with Ukraine as a

glorious victory over neo-Nazism, his position at home must be weakened.

More and more people will realise that he overreached himself badly, and
stories of the soldiers who have been killed or captured are already spreading
fast.

War in Ukraine: More coverage

LIVE: Latest updates from Ukraine and nearby

WATCH: Kyiv residents record life under siege

ANALYSIS: Putin will search for a way to save face

BUSINESS: The Western brands unable to leave Russia

IN DEPTH F ll f th fli t
 IN DEPTH: Full coverage of the conflict

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Russia end its war? Russian advances have stalled
5 days ago 3 hours ago

Why can't Ukraine join Nato?

5 days ago

View comments

Related Topics

Russia-Ukraine war Turkey Volodymyr Zelensky Russia

Vladimir Putin Ukraine

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