y.

veh Kum
8 UECO

Fos Non pipelined

2GHz
fsequ eny
of clek o.5ns
Time poñod 2x1o
ycde

nstsuctions 7
No-Of cyclesin
=7X 0-5
7XO 5

Tme
Tme Seüsed to complete nstsuction
Tronpip
3-5 ns

Aschi tatune
Fos Pene
fsequeny 1-6 GHz
= 6-625 ns
of I ctoch cyde =

1.6X 1o1
Time peviod

hstsuctioN CPT babe CPL +Stallcpr

clock pen
+stall cPT
memosy instactions
instaktons
have of memosy
of 60 Cqcles.
fos 2%
Memsy
stal
of bsanch nssudins
of 2 fos
aycles fos 207
207.
Banh stall

= o.3X 6Ox O02 = 6.30 cPr

due To mesy
Stall cpI
bench= o-2 2 X O- = 0.08 cPT
due to
Stall cPT instsuctiov
bsanth
20% e
memosy
30 ne
t 0.2x2X0.2
+O.3x 60 Xo-02
cpL
I+6. 36 + .03
cl ooks p instsudtion
1.44
 .umesh kunan
8UECOA

sequised to (omplele ndsuton

Time
CPI x dock Time
Tppeline
Iyy0.62S ns

0.9ns
Spe ed up TnonpiPel? ne
3.Sns
TPipeline 0-qns
3.89

GVen Dsect mapped cache

Si2e
Size of cathe memosy 32 kB
= 64 byrte
Block size

cache memos
No-of
Cache ine
lne Siz2e
S
32 kB 2
64

Tetal Size of physical addsess

bits
lo9(Size of coche memosy

log, (25)
bits IS bitsS
rag index byte
No.Of ines to epoesent hfe =o 6 6 bits
iSbhs

Ta ind ex byte
 y.heh kuh)
GUECO

iven Add sess,

t 12
Convertinq to Binan
x 2 3 4 ABCD

600
d00 o010 Ootn Dl00 loro O TTOT
ioo To
A C
2 3
60ot o010 0I 100 1010 ot 1100 o0oo

Starting ddsess 0xt34A BCO

2)) Giive Cache memosu 256 KB

size
xbutes 2byfes)
Block size = oe size = 64 byte

2 bytes
No.of bits sequised to sepsesert byte = log,(Block size)
6 bitS
2 18
Cache S 2e
NO. Of sets
Blocksizex Associait
2 x2
ndex byte
TaY obits6 b1s
16 bits
set numbey = 1o bits
to xepsesent
NO.Of bifs 06 index

Addsess OK 21 B04
ven
00
0010 000 0l 0000 Oo0 IO 11

index byte
bits bits
set numben
 Uah Kumn
130E C01
876 S43 2 0
ndex bts= ooo O

St32 +16+3 + 2+
th e set Of Cache will te
315 Seanhed
Sy3 2
byte Bts =
I oo Ot
2+2
= yq byte ill be foguacde
32+I6 +I

Victim Next Vit PolTy

ae seplacement poliu with only 2
a

status bsacked each set. Tao blocks ae

blocks
victim ( ) , nert ) all othey blocks aKe ogdina bbtks
in Cadhe
(o)
Ifa ct is a miss

seplace
victim (v)
we
Deote Net Tckim Victim
Nert vidim
)Randemly Fick o as

hi+ to v
de mote
NV to V
e
o as NV
pi ck
) Rand ornly
2)
V to O.
Turn
)
 y.umesh Kufm)

'18 UECO

tis hit toNV

an o bloch a) NV
R a n domly pic k
Tun NV to 0

acessd o
fa woKd S
Spatial locelsty Ttmeans
be accessed In
to that uosd
the adfacen.
hean futne block Sze
It depen ds
sefesened ow hen
TF a wosd s
tocalit
Temposal in ftne
sefesenced agai
Same wosi is

Cosses ponds t me. fs used in

Least Recently
Used poliay
LRU
temco8al lcali ty.
xate 48% =
0.98
cae
-hit sate 0.02
misS Sate=
Cache
twosd 32bits =
4 bytes
CnTen

size 64 byte FOI2 631

Block
wosds in each block
,ae 16
Thene
nS 1Sns S ns
90ns
IS
9 0 + I 5 X15 31S n s
Miss aen
 Y u n e h huran

(BUE CO

ht atenu +Miss x s s
Avenage
acess Time AMAT
ater
-5 + 0.02X 315

l0. ns

L2
Hit Trme 6 cyle
Hit T me = 2 de 0. 7
MSS
0ate =
77. -

Miss saute 57. 0.0S 12 cydes

MisS Pena fy

miss miss atenu

htTme sate Of
Avesage memoo
in LI LI
Acesss Trm e
cache

miss latery
t time misssote ot
miSs peralty ofLi n L2
Cach e

+0-0S|
6+0.07 X12S
2
A MAT
2t o.6S 6 + 8 7 S )

O-OS 14-7
2t

2.7375 Cyles
 Y.Umesh u n

1SUECO
cahe Misses
of
3 types
These ane

Compuld osy misS

rhey misS
2) Capadty
Co nfliet misS

to an
acsess alunyc
sefesene
Compukedy miss fisst
The
esult in miss Sugae st sS
ame
u ng v o id a b l e
ts
is
ThTs Occned tue t o
of miss
)Capadky miss This ty pe
capadty of Cache
Smallen uould accw) even in fulk
mis ses that
Defin ed
Sane capadr y
asso dative. cad of moy
neithen a compdso s
Con flict niss
c a p a d ty miss
addsessad by CPU in
block runben ane

IF fol cwing H line cache

diset mapping 1,S, A3

aenfliet misses
sesult in cache
cacRe is empf ey
s empt
then it il mss
CS
a s
be
w Lcontains

will be i ss as
55
L

mod 4 = T
ine
Mss
modu =t n e
Mss line
mody =
Miss 4
t tinel
ine
mody
Miss./13
 y.U onedh Kuy
I&UE COT|

Co P Sosu MisS cannot be avoided unles s s

psefet ched
keepinq block
Capa d y
Miss Can be avoi ded
th at wil be sefexenced
we e associativi
Conflict MISS Can be avoided f

in he cache

Tne
he type of cache n which
Disect. Mapped Cache
main memoBu can accomodate onl ane
a blocl of

ache emos
line
payticulan block ith
Babed on qiven fosmtula any
to (ne
Same index Can Come

modn whene k sblock num bn

K
his numben of lines
couse confffct miss Even h e cache
ma
have f Successire otress
eroprt th ene oith sM e 7ndex
block num pens
oF
of cache ma
pping in
6 Full Assocative The Type
placed in any of
A block Can be

s pet bavinq dsadvartege

cache gation.
Of entise to stose
of seamchinq
sefexente
pantiulo
( y pnesh kuman

1&UEC0 l

both
combi natton of
set Assodat ive
disect Tnsteadinq
Full douative and mapping
divide
the
block an line we
pladna nu rum bens wi
cand cetain Block
ines into sets
placed
in cetoin sets only
be
fosmla
Babed on qiven
tahen s block numl
nnod n
K n is no-of sets

Advantog es
conflict misses to some exte
Can seduce
stose
easily Seoched in ta
Can be avticula set will
cosoes ponding to
that
Taq stose

be Seanched.
Bsanch Pseclidion
2 bit Counte
5 brfs
t0e used diffesent
As e have two
Not tas en
States A staDngly.
wea kly Not taken
O Bsandh continauly
B oa n c h

Taken beia taken

Continousy weakly
n o fT ak e n
Stsonqly Taken

in paticulan Sihaaton
bsanch is taken
the totoands downward

dfferent state
moVe
 y.Umecth Kurnan
IgU£CO

we at eakly taken state

OVe to stoig'y
bpanch is actuolly taken taen

F bganch is actualhot oe move to ueakl

taken not taken

State diagsam atudly not taken

weakty
stsongl taken
atually
taken
tce n atually taken
adually taren-
a d u a l y rOt t a k e n

wakly
actudly stsongy-
Not
Tot nE en taken atualy
taken
eottaken
O
atually taken
ifM Si
doesit change
is Psedichron
Astsong
dfftesent outcome
psovides
-ttes husteni sis
b extsa bit
one
 y. Umech Kumo
1gUE Co

Bs aoch Psedictons
not taken
DAloayS
Al oays tken
2)
tovuad not taken
3)Backuand touken
le babed
4) Pso baed
S) Ps6g a n e

dependen
u e3
(1) D ata This
iS called a
as
Read aften
dsite AW
dependena stosed in Sz inpsevious
f lo Resutt
used to
instsuctio D is
exeute next instsuction

7his s calted a
aften Read WAR
WAR
wsite

depependeny
Antr
stosed n S
Result
psevios fnstuder
used in
6 to eatd
 y.Umesh kuma
ISUECO

wsite affen site ThTs called cutpub

WAW
d ependenci es the autpet of indsutron

effect output of otbey insouctio

OP

S
6 o Sz