The following question is about an experiment performed by two scientists, Vitals and Ack,

answer the questions.

Vitals has invented a trolley that can convert heat energy to kinetic energy.
(a) Assume that there is no heat energy loss to surrounding, find the speed when the
trolley is supposed to gain 40°C
(specific heat capacity of trolley: 2500 J/kg°C, mass of trolley: 300g)

Ack created a machine that generates a water wave when it detects a light at its solar panel,
Fig.A shows the displacement-time of a particle in the wave generated from the time when
a light is detected.

Fig.A
(b) It is measured that the particle is 18cm away from the water dipper, find the
wavelength of the wave.

Vitals places a metallic laser pointer on the trolley as shown in Fig.B

Fig.B
(c) (i) Explain the significance of the polystyrene disk

(ii) What colour should the trolley be? Explain

Fig.C shows a track supported by a semicircle base with radius as 15cm.

Fig.C
(d) Find the angle of inclination 𝜃 and the length of the track.

Ack who is short-sighted has a pair of glasses with a lens as shown in Fig.D, the lens has a
3.5cm of height, the object is on the principal axis emitting a 30° ray to the tip of the lens.

Fig.D
(e) Given that the image formed is 1.5cm away from the lens, find the focal length of
the lens.
Vitals and Ack used their own creations to design an experiment, the top view of the set-up
is shown in Fig.E

Fig.E
Given that the lens used is similar to the one of Ack’s glasses and has a volume 8 times than
the pair of glasses, track is sloped downwards towards the static block, and the red line
indicates the lazer direction. The tank on the right is Ack’s creation where the trolley is
Vitals’ creation.

The lazer pointer has a mass of 200g, the track has a friction of 3N, and the efficiency of
energy conversion of the trolley is 80%, find the number of wavelengths formed on the
water if the trolley is heated up to 176°F where the room temperature is 298K after the
experiment. Assume that the lazer crosses directly on the diameter of the lens and the
trolley gains the same speed after bouncing from the static block. The experiment stops
once the lazer does not intersect the lens even after the trolley bounces from the block