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The Application of 3D Head Anthropometry in Helmet Design Article Review
Full Reference: Andriani, M., Widyanti, A., & Pramanda, R. (2020, January). An anthropometric
study of head for designing ergonomic helmet for Acehnese adults. In IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 722, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing
Article Review
3D anthropometric data provides information about the shape and size of the head.
Consequently, this information is used to improve the design of helmets to ensure users are protected.
The research was conducted to inform the redesigning of helmets by developing a methodology that
incorporates the detailed information of shape and size from 3D anthropometric data. The research
plan of the study was developed within a reasonable framework because helmets are known to reduce
head injury risks. However, the poor helmet fits doubled the risk of head injuries in case of accidents.
Moreover, poor fit helmets discourage cyclists from wearing helmets. Therefore, the study sought to
address the use of 3D anthropometric data in dimensioning and redesigning proper fit helmet sizes.
Notably, the author provided sufficient literature and statistics to justify the study. The author
references literature from different scholars who emphasize the importance of using protective
helmets to reduce severe head injuries in case of accidents. Further, the author provides literature and
statistics from the World Health Organization which shows that 60 % of road accident deaths involve
cyclists. Notably, the use of safety helmets by cyclists prevents 32% of head injuries during accidents
and that the high number of fatalities of motorcycle accidents is because of the lack of helmets which
is propelled by problems in helmet sizes (Andriani, Widyanti, & Pramanda, 2020). The problem
statement of the study was that current helmet sizes are determined by manufacturers who do not have
access to anthropometric data was clear and derived from the theory reviewed. The objective of the
study was to redesign helmets using anthropometric dimensions. Conversely, the study objective is in
line with the purpose of the study which was to collect anthropometric data to use it in redesigning
helmet sizes. The study collected data from 204 participants who were between the age of 18 to 22
years whereby 102 were male and 102 were female. The study was voluntary and the participants
were randomly selected. In my opinion, the recruitment strategy was not adequate because the
sampled population was not representative of the entire population. Older adults were not included in
the study. However, the number of subjects used was adequate and representative of the people aged
between 18 to 22 years. Notably, the tools used were appropriate because they were flexible and
captured the head size and shape adequately (Andriani, Widyanti, & Pramanda, 2020). The testing
procedure was not adequately described because the author only talks about using body martin
instruments to take anthropometric measures and illustrates using diagrams to show the head
dimensions. Notably, the author did not discuss the experimental design used in the study. The use of
body martin instruments in taking anthropometric measurements is important because it ensures that
direct and accurate dimensions of the human body are taken. However, the use of these instruments
requires trained personnel and a lot of time is taken to measure and process anthropometric
information. The statistics used in the analysis show the effect of sizing in designing and
dimensioning helmets. Further, the statistics test the research hypotheses in that there are different
helmet sizes and anthropometric data should be used in their design to ensure proper fits. 
The presentation of the data is complete and it is presented adequately in tables disaggregated
by gender. Further, the data shows all the dimensions required in designing the helmets. Notably, the
results showed that there are statistical differences in dimensions between men and women and
between different people. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that anthropometric data is
required to redesign helmets to ensure a proper fit. The author does not discuss the results of the study
primarily because the results are presented in self-explanatory tables. Furthermore, the author does not
discuss the findings of the study with other studies. The author identifies and discusses the limitations
of the study. For instance, the author points out that the sample size (204) is low and unrepresentative
because there are 5.19 million adults in the area of the study (Andriani, Widyanti, & Pramanda, 2020).
Another limitation is the use of manual instruments to collect anthropometric data which may not be
reliable. I agree with the author that other methods such as the use of scanning methods should be
incorporated to increase the validity and reliability of data. The author has cited all the references in
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the text which are complete. In-text, the citation has used numbers instead of author names and page
numbers. The abstract provides an overview of the study and the findings and conclusions that were
made. 
Can the use of 3D anthropometric data in redesigning helmets help in reducing death fatalities
by motorcycle accidents? 
A possible experiment that can be conducted to investigate the above research question is to conduct
research and find out whether cyclists will be motivated to wear helmets if they fit properly and are
comfortable. The results of the research will provide insight into whether people do not wear helmets
because they are uncomfortable and do not properly fit.