RESEARCH DESIGN REPORT

On The Future of Electric Vehicle Adopti on: Challenges and Opportuniti es

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Contents
Overview/Abstract.......................................................................................................................................2
Conceptual Framework/Literature Review..................................................................................................2
Research Design..........................................................................................................................................3
Rationale of Research Design......................................................................................................................4
Proposed Data Collection............................................................................................................................5
Proposed Data Analysis...............................................................................................................................6
Quality Criteria for Research.......................................................................................................................7
Ethics Consideration....................................................................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................................9

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Overview/Abstract
This report aims to shed the light on the research design that has been bringing into the
application in this research. Alongside, the conceptual framework of the subject matter is further
discussed in this report. Moreover, the research design and methodologies that has been applied
is outlined in the report. In addition, the data collection method and the data analysis method are
further explained in the report. Additionally, the ethics considerations that must be practiced are
mentioned and discussed in detail.

The finding of the research reveals that the exploratory research design is applied in this report.
Moreover, the quantitative research method is used for conducting this report. In addition, the
application of both the primary and secondary data is collected. The source from which primary
information is collected is through interview, observation and surveys. Moreover, the secondary
information is collected through the different medium such as journals, articles, websites and
reports. In addition, the ethical consideration such as maintaining confidentiality, maintaining the
validity of the research and managing the risk are practiced while conducting the research. In
addition, few of the criteria's that must be met by the researcher while conducting the research
are credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability.

Conceptual Framework/Literature Review

In present context, after a century after stepping into the foremost prime in the early 1990's, the
attention is yet again shifted towards the electric vehicles. In most of the nations, the government
body has apprehended the electric vehicle as a promising substitute of the technology to fossil
fuel driven cars in increasing global warming(Ajanovic, 2015). Moreover, speeding up the
number of electric vehicle is the fundamental purpose of several nations to eradicate and
revolutionize negative external factors taking place from the application of the fossil fuels for
personal vehicles comprising greenhouse (GHG) emissions, pollution from air, and noises along
with upsurge in security of the energy and minimizing the deficits from the budget(Broadbent,
Drozdzewski and Metternicht, 2017). In addition, the sector of the transportation make the
contribution of 23% of total energy related Carbon dioxide eradication (UN Climate Summit,
2014). The electrical vehicles have been come across as one of the solution comprising the

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minimal cost to deal with change in the climate because of the minimized intensity of the
emissions of their source in compare with the gasoline, and continuing electricity's
decarbonization(Whitehead, Smit and Washington, 2018). Apart from having several benefits,
there are few challenges that are faced by the electrical vehicle, one of them is costs. The cost of
the battery technology is exclusive also, it requires the huge amount of charge for the batteries in
the electric vehicle to ensure that the cars to be practical for majority of the drivers, thus, it
requires materials of massive amount. Moreover, the electrical vehicles also charge higher cost
in compared to the gasoline cars to procure.

Research Design
Research design can be defined as the structure of the research, and also can be considered as the
glue stick which holds the potential to bring all the elements together in a project of
research(Randall, Harper and Rouncefield, 2013). In brief, research design can be defined as the
draft of the research. The research design can be categorized into four different types which
comprises exploratory research design, Descriptive research design, Explanatory research design
and Experimental research design. Leedy (1997:195) explained the research design as a draft for
a study, offering a entire framework for gathering the data. In the words of Durrheim (2004:29),
research design as a strategic framework for the act which connects the queries of the research
and the execution of the strategy of the research.

The exploratory research is an initial stage of the research and this research design aims to get
the novel detail understanding of a phenomenon(Boru, 2018). This research seeks the insight to
the research topic by doing investigation of the issues. Moreover, this research design is
applicable when there is less familiarity with the subject matter(Tobi and Kampen, 2018).
explained exploratory research design is brought into the application when there is lack of
knowledge regarding the subject matter.

Descriptive research is also termed as statistical research, which explains the phenomena as they
exist(Nassaji, 2015). This type of research design is used to explain the social events, social
structure and scenarios etc.

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Moreover, the explanatory research design aims to discover a new world that has never been
studied prior.

The experimental research design aims to assess the research design of casual relationship under
the control circumstances.

On the other hand, the methodology of the research can be termed as a theory of the different
ways to take the inquiry further Schwardt (2007:195). In addition, the research methodology
comprises the assessment of the assumptions, principles and process in a specific approach to
make the inquest.

The methods of the research can be termed as a specific process for gathering and assessing data.
The research methodology can be classified into two categories which include qualitative and
quantitative methodologies(Kapur, 2018).

The qualitative methodologies can be defined as a qualitative phenomenon which deals with the
non-statistical data, descriptive information. On the other hand, quantitative methodology aims to
deal with the numerical data. In the words of Van der Merwe (1996), quantitative research
method is a approach which focuses on analyzing the theories, defining the factual, signifying
the relationship amidst variables and envisaged aftermaths.

Thereby, in this research, the quantitative research methodology is brought into the application
while conducting this research(Davis and Michelle, 2011). Moreover, comparative technique of
the research is applied to assess the difference amidst two or more dependent variables.
Moreover, in this research, the exploratory research design is used as it will help the researcher
in getting the insight to the subject matter in detail.

Rationale of Research Design

The selection of the exploratory research design is done to understand the different aspects of the
research topic in a detail manner. Moreover, the application of the exploratory research design
helps in upsurge the understanding of the subject matter. As per the DJS research limited the
prime application of the exploratory research is to upsurge the understanding of the researcher in
terms of subject matter. Though he exploratory research design do not possess the capacity to
come into the definite conclusions as the strength of statistics is missing, however, the use of

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exploratory research design helps the researcher in initiating to define the reasons and patterns
behind the things taking place.

Apart from the increasing the understanding of the researcher, the application of the exploratory
research design in this study is done as there is flexibility in the streams through which the data
are gathered.

Moreover, the application of the exploratory research design can be beneficial for this report in
guiding the succeeding approaches of the research. A massive understanding of the research
topic helps the researcher to polish the queries related with the research and make a huge
contribution in amplifying the efficacy of the conclusion of the study.

In addition, the application of the exploratory research design also contributes in the effective
strategic planning(Elbanna, Andrews and Pollanen, 2016). This research design can in a larger
extent can save the time and money from being wasted by warning the dead signals in advance.

On the other hand, the reason behind applying the quantitative research method in this research
study is that it helps the researcher in several ways such as summing up the massive information,
ensuring the accurate outcomes, eradicate the biasness and finalize the outcomes and prove or
disprove a hypothesis. Thereby, for this research study, the quantitative research method and
exploratory research design is used considering the aftermath of this study.

Proposed Data Collection

Data collection can be termed as a procedure of collecting and assessing the particular
information to offer the solutions to related query and assess the aftermaths(Phillips and
Stawarski, 2012). The collection of data is done to further focus to test the hypothesis that looks
aster the explanation of the phenomenon. The requirement of the data collection is to get a hold
onto the proofs that look after the answers to all the queries which have been posed.

The data collection can be categorized into two type's i.e. primary data collection and secondary
collection of data.

Primary Data collection can be termed as the collection of the data that is raw and fresh. Further
it is a procedure of gathering the original data by the researcher for a particular purpose of the
research(Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012).

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On the other hand, secondary data collection can be termed as the collection of the data which is
already published and not raw by the researcher who is not the original user. Further, the
secondary data collection can be further defined as procedure of gathering the data which is
already published in any journals, books etc.

In this research, the application of both primary and secondary data collection is done where the
several journals and websites have been used, likewise, the application of the primary data
collection is done through interview, surveys and observation

Questionnaire-

Question Feedback
1. Is there positive growing opportunities
of electric vehicles?
Yes ……. No …………

2. Does the electric vehicle contribute its

help in saving the globe?
Yes ……. No …………
3. Is the changesthat are required in EV
to ensure customer satisfaction?
Yes ……. No …………

4. Are their challenges for EV while

executing into practice?
Yes ……. No …………
5. Are there strategies to completely
execute the EV?
Yes ……. No …………
6. Are there availability if the charger
stations are ensured?
Yes ……. No …………

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Proposed Data Analysis
There is generation of lots of data on each passing day in every firm, but most of these data are
neglected despite the fact that the data possess insights carrying the massive values into the end
users, bases of the consumers and markets. Thereby, the analysis of the data is significant to
make the best use of the existing data(Johnston, 2014).

Inspection, cleansing, converting, and modeling data are all steps in the data analysis process

(Zohuri & Moghaddam, 2017). It aids in the extraction of valuable information from a large

collection of data. Different data collection processes will be included in this article. Some of the

most popular data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis, inferential analysis, and

regression analysis. To interpret the gathered data and derive valuable information, predictive

analysis and regression analysis are used.

As descriptive analysis is used to explain, summarize, and classify trends, these methods are very

accurate and efficient. It is very helpful because it aids in the analysis of historical data and is

used to examine technical aspects such as network speed from the past to the present.

Inferential research aids in the comparison of numbers among different populations within a

population. It is used to compare two factors, such as current network facility demand vs.

potential network facility demand. It is mostly used in this study to conduct surveys. Finally, the

data were analyzed using statistical regression. It is extremely helpful because it is dealing with
the future and potential situations that will arise.

When descriptive analysis is used to describe, summarize, and identify patterns, these processes
are very reliable and effective. It is extremely beneficial because it aids in the analysis of
quantitative data that is used to examine technological factors such as network speed from the
past to the present and potential future (Ciarli et al., 2016). Inferential interpretation aids in the
comparison of numbers from different classes. Inferential research aids in the comparison of

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numbers among different populations within a population. It is used to compare two variables,
such as current network facility demand vs. future network facility demand. It is primarily used
in this study to conduct surveys.

Finally, the data were analyzed using statistical regression. It is very helpful because it is dealing
with the future and potential future activities. It aids in the analysis of current networking
facilities and the prediction of potential networking facilities that will be needed. It takes a
present event and forecasts what could happen in the future depending on that event. This allows
for the prediction of next-generation network features based on the current network and updates
(Gerami, 2010).

Identifying priorities, collecting data, cleaning data, incorporating a data analysis tool,
interpreting data, visualizing data, and drawing conclusions were all stages in the data analysis
process. Since it allows for careful analysis of the collected data and makes it possible to gather
reliable and precise data, this methodology is very effective and consistent. It is beneficial. It
facilitates the gathering of appropriate data for the topic, allowing the data to be conveniently
used in the report without rigorous filtering. It also assists in the removal of obsolete data, the
selection of a suitable analytical process, and the finalization of the study's details and data.

There are few steps of data analysis which are mentioned below-

1. Specifying the reason behind the requirement of the data

2. Start gathering the data from different streams
3. Clean unwanted data
4. Initiate analyzing the data
5. Interpretation of the aftermath and executing it

Quality Criteria for Research

There are few standards which are supposed to be met by the researcher to ensure the quality
outcome. Thereby, few of the criteria's which any supervisor must ensure to meet while
conducting the research are mentioned below-

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 1. One of the first criteria to be met by the researcher is the credibility, which states that the
experience which the participants involved in the research must go along with the
research topic. In addition, the acts of the research should be of a certain way which can
lead to the discovery of the credible aftermath.
2. The second, criteria that must be achieved by the researcher while carrying out the
research is transferability which is concerned about whether or not the aftermath of the
research that has been discovered can later be bring into the application in other context
as well.
3. The third criteria that must be met by the researcher is dependability, which is concerned
about the query that whether the other researcher searching for the same research topic
will end with the same kind of conclusion or not.
4. The fourth criteria to be met by the researcher is conformability which focuses on if the
finding is the outcome of the participant's response and not the outcome of any
unfairness(Severinsson, 2012),

Ethics Consideration
The gathering of the principles and values which is compulsion for the researcher to follow on a
moral basis is termed as ethical consideration(Cacciattolo, 2015). Some of the ethics that need to
be considered are mentioned below-

1. The most fundamental ethical problem which is mostly seen in the research is the
invalidity of the queries of the research thereby; the conclusion of the research must tally
with the research question.
2. The maintenance of privacy of the participant's identity is yet another ethical
consideration that must be practiced. Moreover, the privacy of the information provided
by the participants must be maintained so that no external threat can harm the
participants.
3. The third ethical practice that needs to be undertaken by the researcher is looking after
the risk that might harm the participants. While conducting the research, there is
possibility of risk taking place which must be informed to participants and if the risk is
very high then the researcher must dispose of the research(Brittain et al., 2020).

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References
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Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 4.

Boru, T., 2018. CHAPTER FIVE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 5.1.
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Broadbent, G., Drozdzewski, D. and Metternicht, G., 2017. Electric vehicle adoption: An
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Cacciattolo, M., 2015. Ethical Considerations in Research. pp.61–79.

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Elbanna, S., Andrews, R. and Pollanen, R., 2016. Strategic Planning and Implementation
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Kapur, R., 2018. Research Methodology: Methods and Strategies.

Nassaji, H., 2015. Qualitative and descriptive research: Data type versus data analysis. Language
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Phillips, P.P. and Stawarski, C.A., 2012. Data Collection: Planning for and Collecting All Types
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Randall, D., Harper, R. and Rouncefield, M., 2013. Fieldwork for Design: Theory and Practice.

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