indigenous village was.

Yossi and Kevin began to get

are they?
d Write conditional chains. For each chain, you must c Withoutfriend Marcusback
looking because he was
at pages 52complaining
and 53, tryabout to ev
write two third conditional sentences. his feet,
complete 1–4which
below. had become infected and were hurtin
If I hadn’t read the safety information, I wouldn’t 1 WhatEventually
would do theyif youdecided to abandon (be)the
in asearch
hotel for
have known where the emergency exit was. andhike backalarm
the fire to Apolo,
went the
off way
in thethey had of
middle come. But Kevi
the night?
If I hadn’t known where the emergency exit was, he thought
2 Another 130 people that it was Marcus’ fault that they
(get out) of the had ha
I wouldn’t have survived the crash. adventure.
World So he alive
Trade Center decided thathad
if they he would
tried toraftleave
down th
the Yossi
building sooner.
to join him – he didn’t want Marcus to come w
1 If I hadn’t accepted the invitation, …
3 Many more peopletowould
Marcus agreed havetosurvived
go back Apolo onif foot.
they The thre
2 If I hadn’t got up so late, … (get off) the plane immediately.
3 If I had remembered to switch my phone on, … meet in a hotel in La Paz in a week’s time.
4 If a fire alarm went off at work, I (not
4 If I had known we had an exam, … Early next
pay) any attention. morning G R
theAMtwoMARpairs B AN
of K
travellers said
on their different journeys…
4A d p138 Grammar Bank 4A. Read the rules and do
4A bthe exercises.
Complete using a second or third conditional.
I didn’t wait another minute. I didn’t see you.
a Complete with a suitable form of the verb in brackets. 4 PIfRI’d
O waited
N U Nanother
C IATIminute,
O N I would
sentence rhythm
have seen you.
If he hadn’t broken his leg, he would have played. (not break)
a 1 4.1
Luke missed
Listentheand
train. He was
write late for
down thethebeginning
interview. of
1 I you a present if I’d known it was your birthday. (buy) If Luke hadn’t missed the train, …
2 If you to bed earlier, you wouldn’t have been so tired. (go)
six sentences. Then match them with the sentence
2endings
RebeccaA–F.
drinks too much coffee. She sleeps badly at night.
3 I you some money if I had any. (lend) If Rebecca didn’t drink so much coffee, …
4 If I someone’s wallet, I’d keep it. (find) 1
3 It started snowing. We didn’t reach the top of the mountain.
5 Joe wouldn’t have crashed if he so fast. (not drive) 2 If it hadn’t started snowing, …
6 We would have a dog if we in the country. (live) 43 Millie didn’t buy the jacket. She didn’t have enough money.
7 If you’d looked after the plants, they (not die) 4 Millie would have bought the jacket if…
8 You the news if you’d been watching the TV. (hear) 55 I don’t drive to work. There’s so much traffic.
9 They wouldn’t have bought the flat if they what the 6 I’d drive to work if…
neighbours were like. (know) 6 Matt doesn’t speak German fluently. He won’t get the job.
10 If she more sociable, she’d have more friends. (be) A IfI would haveGerman
Matt spoke died. fluently, … 5
B if my husband wasn’t afraid of flying.
4B b Respond C to if
theI were
first sentence
you. using should / shouldn’t have
+ a verb in the list.
D I wouldn’t have acted so quickly.
a Rewrite the bold sentence sentence with must / might
TRANSLATE
(not) / can’t INTO ENGLISH:
+ have + verb. buy eatE if goI’d
(x2)beeninvite learn
in that save
situation.
I’m sure I left my umbrella at home. I don’t have it now. A Sue isFinyou
bed wouldn’t
with a stomachbelieve me.
ache.
I must Nada
have lefthabría pasado
my umbrella si hubieras llegado puntual.
B She shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate cake.
at home.
1 I’m sure Ben has read my email. I sent it yesterday. 1 A We 4.2 understand
b couldn’t Listen and check.
anybody in Paris.
2 Holly’s crying. Perhaps she’s had an argument with her B You some French before you went.
boyfriend. c Listen to sentences 1–6 again and underline the
2 A Tom told me his phone number but I’ve forgotten it.
Si hubiera comprado Bitcoin hace 10 años ahora sería millonario.

3 I’m sure Sam and Ginny haven’t got lost. They had a map. B You stressed words.itPractise saying
on your mobile the sentences.
phone.
4 You saw Ellie yesterday? That’s impossible. She was in bed 3 A Rob
d was
Writelateconditional
because there chains.
was so muchFor traffic.
each chain, you must
with flu. B He write two thirdbyconditional car. The trainsentences.
is much faster.
5 Perhaps John didn’t hear you. You know he’s a bit deaf. 4 Aa Amanda wasmarido.
rude to everyone
Si no hubiese ido a esa fiesta no habría conocido mi futuro Deberíaathaberme
my party. quedado
6 I’m sure Lucy has bought a new car. I saw her driving
en casa!
B You If I hadn’t read the
her. safety
She’s information,
always like that. I wouldn’t
a Mercedes! 5 A I haven’thave known
got any money where the going
left after emergency
shoppingexityesterday.
was.
7 I’m sure Alex wasn’t very ill. He was only off for one day. B You If I hadn’t known sowhere the emergency
many shoes. Did you needexitthree
was,pairs?
8 They didn’t come to our party. Maybe they didn’t receive 6 A You lookI wouldn’t
really tired.have survived the crash.
the invitation.
Creo que tendría un trabajo mejor si no hubiese dejado 1la If
B I know. Iuniversidad.

I hadn’t accepted to bed

the earlier.
invitation, …
2 If I hadn’t got up so late, …
4C 3 If I had remembered to switch my phone on, …
a Circle the correct form. b MatchIfthe
4 brazo twoknown
I had halves of the sentence.
Si hubieses girado tú la tortilla no me habría quemado el al tirarla!
we had an exam, …
Your boyfriend looks / looks like a rugby player. 1 That group sounds like F A her mother.
54 42A Those boys look B completely
1 You’ve gone completely white. You look / look as if you’ve
seen a ghost! out of tune.
2 What’s ***for
Write about
dinner? 4 things
It smells youdelicious!
/ smells like would have done in a different way
3 She looks like(if you had known about
C very soft. the
3 I thinkconsequences
John and Megan of haveyour actions).
arrived. Ideas:
That sounds studies,
/ sounds like hobbies,
4 Thatpandemic…
guitar sounds 
 D someone has been
their car. smoking in here.
4 Have you ever tried frogs’ legs? Apparently they taste like / taste 5 He looks as if E really sweet.
as if chicken. 6 Your car sounds as if F REM.
5 Are you OK? You sound / sound as if you’ve got a cold. 7 Your new jacket feels G too young to be
6 Can you put the heating on? It feels / feels like really cold in here. drinking beer.
7 You look / look like really happy. Does that mean you got the job? 8 This apple tastes H it’s been overcooked.
8 Your new bag feels / feels like real leather. 9 It smells as if I roses.
9 Let’s throw this milk away. It tastes / tastes like a bit strange. 10 Your perfume smells like J it’s going to
 o Wou ld you like the chance to explore an
extreme environment such as Antarctica? E
What would you li ke to do if you had the
R
opportunity?
a
o
Essay (Part I)
VOCABULARY D Work
f) Thinkinofpairs.
someRead
morethe
points
essayand
titlesupporti ng
and discuss

a
expressing and supporting ideas
Write words for the definitions.
information
whether
1 and 2
you (examples
in Activity
of adventure tourism.2.
or reasons)
agree or disagree
Compare
withfor
your
t henotes
ideas
idea
w it h
m
WRITING REFERENCE P 180 a partner.
1 g
o the door outside which you wait to board
your flightWou ld you like the chance to explore an
In your English class you have been talking about
extreme environments. Now your English teache r
2 b rextreme theenvironment
place where such
youaspick
Antarctica?
up your EXAM TIPyou to write an essay.
has asked
What would you li ke to do if you had the Write antoessay usi state
ng allyour
the points and give reasons
luggage after you've arrived Re member clearly main point in the form of
opportunity? fo r your point of view. Write 140-190 words.
3 a the passage between the rows of seats inside a to pic sentence for each note. Support it with a reason
or example if t here is space.
a plane
f) Work in pairs. Read the essay title and discuss
4 t awhether
series ofyou
direction which
suddenagreeand
affectstourism.
of adventure
or violent
flights
disagreechanges in idea
with t he wind
m Think
Do you think 'adventure tourism' in unexplored
about
parts of thewhat
world your
shouldown point w ill be for
be encouraged?

5 j 1 the feeling of being tired and

note 3 in Activity 2 and compare your idea
Notes
11
In your English class you have been talking about w ith a partner. There are some suggestions
confused after a long flight
extreme environments. Now your English teache r
WriteRemember
below. about: to give a reason for the
b @ has asked
the correct you to write an essay.
word. point you choose.
1 negative effects of tourism
Write an essay usi ng all the points and give reasons 2 personal risk
1 Gina and I fohaven't seen each other much late / lately.
r your point of view. Write 140-190 words. local3 job
.opportunities personal
......................... (your own development
idea)
2 Our hotel has a great view! We can even/ ever see the cost ofrescuing people
Eiffel Tower! knowledge about the world
Do you think 'adventure tourism' in unexplored
3 I've been working too hard / hardly lately.
parts of the world should be encouraged?
11 Mat ch the ideas 1-4 with notes 1 and 2
4 How much cases/ luBBaBe are you going to take?
Notes
11 agreeing
in Activity 2. Decide whether the writer is
Read the essay tit le and task and plan how
or disagreeing with the essay title in
5 I love all pasta, but especially / specially lasagne. you will answer it. Use the guidelines 1-4
Write about: each case.
below.
c Complete with the verb in the past tense.
1 negative effects of tourism 1 If peo_ple trai" and prepare fo_, expedition)} there')
In your English class you have been discussing the
1 The wind bl 2 personal so hard
risk that two trees fell down. a 900d chance they'll be ,afe.
importance of nature. Now your teacher has asked
2 The taxi dr 3 . me .off ........................
outside the (your own idea)
terminal. 2 The problem i, that bea"ti{,,/ places.. wilLget ,poilt _
you to write an essay.
3 It p with rain last night and I got soaked coming __ iL too maQy_p.eople 9.0 the.re.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons
home from work. 3 AS' long as people r.eS'pectthe efwironmeni; there
4 She g
11 Mat ch the ideas 1-4 with notes 1 and 2
on the bus but there was nowhere to sit.
for your point of view. Write 140-190 words.
,ho."ld be very little damage.
in Activity 2. Decide whether the writer is In my View, anythin9 too dan9ero", ,ho"ld be left
5 Wet advantage
agreeing of the goodwith
or disagreeing weather and spent
the essay title in to the profeSSionalS'.
the day at each
the beach. Many people think living in the countryside
case.
provides a better way of life. To what extent do
d@ the
1 word that
If peo_ple is different.
trai" and prepare fo_, expedition)} there') D Match
you the reasons A-D with the points 1-4 in
agree? 2
Activity 3.
1 windchance they'll
breeze a 900d be ,afe.
hurricane blizzard Notes
2 The problem i, that bea"ti{,,/ places.. wilLget ,poilt _ Write about: 3
2 chilly boiling hot scorching A An increased number of totJriS'tS' to more
__ iL too maQy_p.eople 9.0 the.re.
3 fog damp mist smog there
3 AS' long as people r.eS'pectthe efwironmeni; 1 health benefits
b"ildin9 developmeo.t
4
4 cold freezing
,ho."ld bright
be very little damage. icy 8 If people2 don't
day to day whatthelre
kl'loW life doin91 it can endanger
5 hail In thunder lightning
my View, anythin9 too dan9ero",drought
,ho"ld be left their liYeS" and the Jiver...........
3 .............. of __......... (your own idea)
otherS'.
to the profeSSionalS'. _ C_ It requiref people to be_rerpgnS'ibJe Qfld avoid leaVing _
e Complete with one word. _ _ rvbbiS'h arovnd. _ _ _ ______ _
Read the question and underline the key points.
1 D
We checked
Match the as soon as
reasons wewith
A-D got to thepoints
the airport.
1-4 in _ D The,e ..
<iay" there i, .Q(<t.
q "ipme.ntto help_people. _
2 Brainstorm ideas around the topic. What will your own
2 The most Activity
dangerous3. moment during a flight is when idea be?
44 Unit 4 Battli ng nature
the plane is taking or landing. 3 Make notes on the positive and negative points.
3 I've Adecided
An increased
to takenumber ofrunning.
totJriS'tS'
I need to
to more
lose Do you agree or disagree, or can you see both sides?
b"ildin9 developmeo.t
some weight. 4 Plan how many paragraphs you wi ll have and decide
8 If people don't kl'loW whatthelre doin91 it can endanger which notes you will include in each one.
4 Who do you take ___ most in your family?
their liYeS" and the Jiver of otherS'.
5 The
_ C_final will take
It requiref in
people to be_ Stockholm
rerpgnS'ibJe Qfld next
avoid Saturday
leaVing _ .
_ _ rvbbiS'h arovnd. _ _ _ ______ _
_ D The,e ..<iay" there i, .Q(<t.q "ipme.ntto help_people. _

44 Unit 4 Battli ng nature

 SA OMMU ICATIVE Would you survive?

Would you survive?

ping in a forest,
t o go for a
nly, you come
with a black You're in a city street and You'reYou're
swimming in the sea
walking in a forest
s readyYou're
to driving your car
along a road by asuddenly
river. shooting starts
You're skiing on your when near
youwhere
see the dark
you live fin
when
What would between
Suddenly your brakes fai l two rival
own 'offgangs.
piste' when you of a shark approaching
suddenly you feel a terrible
on a bend and you can't suddenly
What would you do? hear a very loud pain in
you. What wouldyour leg. You've
you do?
stop your car going into noise behind you. It's an been bitten by a snake
the water. What would you avalanche! What would that you think is poisonous.
do? you do? What would you do?

0
hit t he water, open the window. This allows 4 Lie still and quiet. An attack by a mother bear often ends
n and equalize the pressure so that you can when the person stops fighting. Don't run or climb a tree
you can't open the window or break it, wait as a bear can run much faster than you, and is an expert at
eaches your head and hold your breath. climbing trees. If you lie still and t he bear still attacks you.
ure is equal inside and outside the car you'll try to scare it away by hitting it with anything you can find.
the door. Try to aim for the eyes or nose if possible.
s to try to stay on top of the snow by using 5 Get down on the ground and stay there. Lie flat on your
You're camping in a forest,
on. Avalanches tend to occur in areas with stomach. If there are cars. lie down behind one of the
and decide t o go for a
nny afternoons. wheels. If there are no cars, lie in the road right next to
walk. Suddenly, you come the pavement. Don't run away because that will only draw
ith soap and water as soon as you can.
face to face with a black You're attention
in a city street
to youand You're
and you could be swimming in the sea
shot by mistake.
here the bear.
bite isItlower
looksthan your
ready toheart. Wrapsuddenly shooting starts when you see the dark fin
ly aroundattack
your legyou!above
Whatthewould
bite to help 6 Your only hope if the shark attacks you is to try to hit the
between two rival gangs. of a shark approaching
until you you
can get
do? medical help. Don't suck shark inyou
What would thedo?
eyes. which areyou.
the area
Whatmost
wouldsensitive
you do? to pain.
and don't tie the bandage too tight.

English File 3rd edition Teacher's Book Upper-intermediate Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 20 14
The answers
1 As soon as you hit t he water, open the window. This allows
water to come in and equalize the pressure so that you can
open the door. If you can't open the window or break it, wait
until the water reaches your head and hold your breath.
When the pressure is equal inside and outside the car you'll
be able to open the door.
2 Your only hope is to try to stay on top of the snow by using
a swimming action. Avalanches tend to occur in areas with
new snow on sunny afternoons.
3 Wash the bite with soap and water as soon as you can.
Keep the area where the bite is lower than your heart. Wrap
a bandage tightly around your leg above the bite to help
slow the poison until you can get medical help. Don't suck
out the poison and don't tie the bandage too tight.
4 Lie still and quiet. An attack by a mother bear often ends
when the person stops fighting. Don't run or climb a tree
as a bear can run much faster than you, and is an expert at
climbing trees. If you lie still and t he bear still attacks you.
try to scare it away by hitting it with anything you can find.
Try to aim for the eyes or nose if possible.
5 Get down on the ground and stay there. Lie flat on your
stomach. If there are cars. lie down behind one of the
wheels. If there are no cars, lie in the road right next to
the pavement. Don't run away because that will only draw
attention to you and you could be shot by mistake.
6 Your only hope if the shark attacks you is to try to hit the
shark in the eyes. which are the area most sensitive to pain.

English File 3rd edition Teacher's Book Upper-intermediate Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 20 14
 Suddenly your brakes fai l own 'off piste' when you suddenly you feel a terrible
on a bend and you can't suddenly hear a very loud pain in your leg. You've
stop your car going into noise behind you. It's an been bitten by a snake
the water. What would you avalanche! What would that you think is poisonous.
do? you do? What would you do?

0
You're camping in a forest,
and decide t o go for a
fI Look at the
walk. Suddenly,
exam task in Activity 1 and discuss
you with
come
the question a partner. Ta lk about:
face to face what
within particular
a blackyou think wouldYou're in a city street a
be easy/difficult

You're camping in a forest, bear. It looks ready to

about each skill.
suddenly shooting sta
why you personally might find a particular ski ll
and decide t o go for a attack you! Whatdifficult. would between two rival gan
walk. Suddenly, you come
you do?11 0 15 Look at Activity 1 and listen What to two
would you do?
face to face with a black You're in a city street and You're swimming in the sea
bear. It looks ready to students doing the second part of the task.
suddenly shooting starts when you see the dark fin
Do you agree wit h their opinions?
attack you! What would between two rival gangs. of a shark approaching
you do? What would youD do?Complete the sentences
you. Whatand would
then you
listendo?
again
The answersto check your answers .
1 As soon as you.....hit ........t he
... .. water,
of the .....open the
.. .......... for window.
me would be This allows
finding 4 Lie still
water.
water to come in and equalize the pressure so that you can when t
The answers
2 I'd ........................ making a fire.. . ...... making a shelter.
1 As soon as you hit t he water, open the window. Thisopen
allowsthe door. If you
4 Lie still and can't quiet. An open
attack the by window
a mother bear or break it, wait
often ends as a be
3 I t hink learning how to make a fire would be the
water to come in and equalize the pressure so thatuntil
you canthe water
when reaches
the person your
stops
........................ for me.
head
fighting. andDon't holdrunyour breath.
or climb a tree climbin
open the door. If you can't open the window or break it, wait as a bear can run much faster than you, and is an expert at try to s
Collaborative task (Part When 3) the pressure
until the water reaches your head and hold your breath.
is equal
4 So ....................... fiveinside and outside
skills, making a fire and the
climbing trees. If you lie still and t he bear still attacks you.
carwater
finding you'll
ranking be able to open
When the pressure is equal inside and outside the car you'll
wou the ld be door.the most useful.
try to scare it away by hitting it with anything you can find.
Try to a
be able to open the door.
EXAM FOCUS p20? 2 Your only hope is aim
to try
TryChange
to g
forthetosentences
the stayoron
eyes top
nose of the snow
inifActivity
possible. 4 so thatby using 5 Get do
o
2 Your only hope is to try to stay on top of the snow by
Work inaction.
a swimming pa irs.Avalanches
Look at the examiner's
tend
using 5 Get
a swimming action.
to occur in areas with
down
they have on the
Avalanchesground and stay
tendmeaning.
the opposite there. Lie flat
to occur in areas
stomach. If there are cars. lie down behind one of the
on your
with stomac
newinstructions
snow on sunnyand
have to discuss.
underline the two things you
afternoons.
3
3 Wash the bite with soap and water as soon as you can. Wash the
wheels.
bite
the
Decide
with
m
new snow on sunny afternoons.
If there
soap
withare
and
no cars, liewhich
a partner
water as
in the two
soon
road survival
you think would be the least useful on the draw
pavement. Don't run away because
right next skills
as
that you
will
to
can.
only
wheels
the pa
Keep the area where the bite is lower than your heart.Keep
Wrap attention
wheretoInclude
the area island. you and
the you
bitesome could
is lower
of thebe shot
than by mistake.
your
expressionsheart.fromWrap attent
I'd like you to imagine that you are going on a
a bandage tightly
college aroundtoyour
expedition leg above
a desert island.the biteare
Here toa bandage6 tightly
help
some Your only
Activity hope
5. if the
around yourshark
legattacks
aboveyoutheis to try to
bite to hit
helpthe 6 Your on
slow the poison
survival until
skills youyou can need
might get medical
on the help.
island.Don't
Talk suck
to shark in the eyes. which are the area most sensitive to pain.
out the poison
slow the poison until you can get medical help. Don't suck shark i
each otherand don't
about tie difficult
how the bandage toobe
it would tight.
to learn
these surviva l skills.
EXAM TIP
out the poison and don't tie the bandage too tight.
English
(after a two-minute File 3rd Thank
di scussion) editionyou.
Teacher's Book Upper-intermediate Photocopiable
Use all of the time (about one©minute)
Oxford you
University
have toPress 20 14
deci de someth ing together - don't reach a decision too
Now yo u have about a minute to decide whic h two English File 3rd edition Teacher's Book Upper-interm
survival skills would be the most useful on the island. qu ickly

Discussion (Part 4)
making a shelter
EXAM FOCUS p.20?
fJ Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
, What kind of person do you need to be to survive on
a desert island'
How difficult 2 How essential is it for people to know how to survive
finding wou ld it be making a in the wild?
water to learn these fire 3 Do you think most people today have lost touch
survival skills? wi t h nature'
4 In what ways can the natural world be a threat
to humans'

building a boat/raft fishing without a rod

Unit 4 Battling nat ure 39

Unit 7, Speaking focus, Activity 5
Task 2
Student A: Look at the photos, which show unusual places to work. Compa re the photos and say how difficult you think it
wou ld be to work in these places.
Student B: Are you an adventurous person?

How difficult do you think it would be to work in these places?

Unit I I, Speaking focus, Activity 6

Which person is taking the most risks?

Visuals for Speaking tests 155