WORKSHEET – LESSON 11 DUAL NATURE

1. The graph shows the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two
photosensitive metals A and B. Which one of the two has higher value of work function? Justify your
answer.

2. Two lines, A and B, in the plot given below show the variation of de Broglie wavelength, λ versus 1/
√V where V is the accelerating potential difference, for two particles carrying the same charge. Which
one of two represents a particle of smaller mass?

3. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle of kinetic energy K is λ. What would be the wavelength of the
particle, if its kinetic energy were K/4?
4. A proton and deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential. Which one of the two
has
(a) greater value of de Broglie wavelength associated with it, and
(b) less momentum?
Give reasons to justify your answer.
5. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ is incident on a photosensitive surface of negligible work
function. If the photo-electrons emitted from this surface have the de Broglie wavelength λ1, prove that

6. Red light, however bright it is, cannot produce the emission of electrons from a clean zinc surface. But
even weak ultraviolet radiation can do so. Why? X-rays of wavelength λ fall on a photosensitive

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 surface, emitting electrons. Assuming that the work function of the surface can be neglected, prove that

the de Broglie wavelength of electrons emitted will be .

7. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The power emitted is 2.0 ×
10–3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted per second on an average by the source.
(ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current versus the intensity of incident radiation
on a given photosensitive surface.
8. What is stopping potential? On what factors it depends? Consider a metal exposed to light of
wavelength 600 nm. The maximum energy of the electron is doubled when light of wavelength 400 nm
is used. Find the work function in eV.
9. A proton and an alpha-particle have the same de Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of (i) their

accelerating potentials (ii) their speeds.

10. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volts. What is the de Broglie
wavelength associated with it? To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this value of
wavelength correspond ?
11. An electron and a proton, each have de Broglie wavelength of 1.00 nm.
(i) Find the ratio of their momenta.
(ii) Compare the kinetic energy of the proton with that of the electron.
12. A monochromatic light source of power 5 mW emits 8 × 1015 photons per second. This light ejects
photoelectrons from a metal surface. The stopping potential for this set up is 2V. Calculate the work
function of the metal.
13. Calculate the energy and momentum of a photon in eV whose wave length in 4000 A0 (blue light).
(ANS: 1.65 X 10-27 kg m/s)
14. What is the frequency of a photon whose energy is 75 eV? (ANS: 18 x 1015 Hz)
15. A radio transmitter operates at a frequency of 880 kHz and a power of 10 kW. How many photons
does it emit per second? (ANS: 1.716 x 1031)
16. The work function of ceasium is 1.8 eV. Light of 5000 A0is incident on it. Calculate (i) threshold
wavelength (ii) maximum K.E. of emitted photo electrons (iii) maximum velocity of emitted
photoelectrons (iv) the maximum K.E. of emitted photoelectrons if intensity of light is doubled. Take
h= 6.63 x 10-34 Js; c=3 x 108 ms-1; m = 9x 10-31 kg.
(ANS: (i) 6888 A0 , (ii) 0.687 eV, (iii) 5 x 10 5 m/s …..)

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17. Monochromatic light of frequency 1015 Hz is incident normally on a surface area of 2cm2. If the
intensity of light is 30 x 10-2 watt/m2 , determine the rate at which photon strike the surface.
(ANS: 9.05 x 10 13 photons /sec)
18. Monochromatic light of wavelength 4500 A0 is incident on a clean sodium surface of work function
2.3 eV. Determine (i) the energy of photon (ii) the maximum kinetic energy emitted electrons (iii)
threshold frequency for sodium and (iv) the magnitude of the momentum of a photon in the incident light.
(ANS: (i) 2.8eV, (ii) 0.5 eV, (iii) 5.6 x10 14Hz (iv) 1.5 x 10-27kgm/s)
19. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 3600 A0 is made to fall on a smooth surface of potassium.
Determine (i) threshold wavelength (ii) maximum energy of emitted photoelectrons (iii) stopping potential
(iv) velocity of the most energetic photoelectron. Given that function for potassium is
2 eV. (ANS: (i) 6206 A0, (ii) 1.445 eV, (iii) 1.445 V(iv) 7.17 x 105 m/s
20. The maximum energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal plate is 1.2 eV. If the threshold
wavelength is 2480 A0, calculate the wavelength of Incident light. (ANS: 2002A0)
21. Determine plank’s constant h if photoelectrons emitted from a certain metal surface by light of
frequency 2.2 x 1015 Hz are fully retarded by a reverse potential of 6.6 V and those emitted by light of
frequency 4.6 x 1015Hz are stopped by a reverse potential of 16.5 V.
22. (i) The work function for the surface of aluminium is 4.2 eV. How much potential difference will
be required to stop the emission of maximum energy electrons emitted by light of 2000 A0 wavelength?
(ii) What will be the wavelength of that incident light for which stopping potential will be zero? Given
that h= 6.6 x 10-34 Js, c= 3 x 108 m/s. (ANS: (i) 1.9875 V, (ii)2946 A0)
23. If 5% of the energy supplied to an incandescent light bulb is radiated as visible light, how many
visible light photons are emitted by a 100W bulb? Assume the average wavelength of all visible photons
to be 5600A0. Given h= 6.625 x 10-34 Js. (ANS: 1.41 x1019 )
24. Determine the wavelength of an electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of
100 volts. (ANS: 1.227 A0)
25. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength for electron and proton if their speed is 105 ms-1. Given, mass of
electron = 9 x 10-31kg; mass of proton = 1.67 x 10-27 kg and Planck’s constant h= 6.62 x 10-34 Js. (ANS:
i) 73.6 x 10-10 m, (ii) 0.0396 x 10 -10 m)
26. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of 500eV proton. Given that mass of proton = 6.67 x 10-27 kg.
(ANS: 1.28 x 10-12 m)

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27. Obtain the wavelength of (i) an electron of kinetic energy 150 eV (ii) a neutron of kinetic energy
150eV. Which of two – electron beam or neutron beam – is suitable for crystal diffraction experiment?
Given that mass of electron = 9 x 10-31 kg and mass of neutron = 1.675 x 10-27 kg. (ANS: (i) 1 A0,
(ii) 0.0234 A0)
28. What is momentum of electrons if their wavelength is 2A0? (ANS: 3.31 x10-24 kgm/s)
29. The wavelength of a photon is 1.4A0. It collides with an electron. Its wavelength after collision is
2A0. Calculate the energy of the scattered electron. (ANS: 4.26 x 10-16 J)
30. An electron, an α – particle and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which of these particles has
the shortest de-Broglie wavelength?
31. A particle is moving three times as fast as an electron. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of the
particle to that of electron is 1.813 x 10-4. Calculate the particle’s mass and identify the particle. Mass of
electron = 9.11 x 10-31 kg.
32. X-rays of wavelength 0.82A0 fall on a metal plate. Find the wavelength associated with
photoelectron emitted. Neglect work function of the metal. Given h = 6.6 x 10-34, c= 3 x108ms-1.
(ANS: 0.099 A0)
33. Is the de-Broglie wavelength of a photon of an electromagnetic radiation equal to the wavelength of
radiation?
34. How does matter wave differ from a light wave as regards to the velocity of the particle and the
wave?
35. Show that de-Broglie hypothesis of matter waves is in agreement with Bohr’s theory?
36. Calculate the threshold frequency of photon for photoelectric emission from a metal of work
function 0.1 eV. (ANS: 2.417 x 1013 Hz)
37. The work function of a metal is 2.5 eV. If the radiation of wavelength 4000A0 falls on it, what will
be the energy of emitted photoelectrons? (ANS: 0.603 eV)
38. Determine the frequency and wavelength of a 2keV photon.
39. If the speed of photoelectrons is 104 ms-1, what should be the frequency of the incident radiation on
the potassium metal? The work function of potassium is 2. 3eV. (ANS: 0.555 x 10 15 Hz)
40. A metal surface when illuminated by a light of frequency 0.9 x 1015 Hz emits electrons which can
be stopped by a retarding potential of 0.6V. When the surface is illuminated by the light of frequency
1.26 x 1015 Hz , the required stopping potential is 2.1 V. find the value of Planck’s constant and the work
function of the metal.

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 41. Find the frequency of light which ejects electrons from a metal surface, fully stopped by a retarding
potential of 3V. The photoelectric effect begins at a frequency of 6 x 1014Hz.
(Given h= 6.63 x 10-34 Js). (ANS: 1.324 x 10 15 Hz)
42. Radiation of wavelength 180nm ejects photoelectrons from a plate whose work function is 2 eV. If
a uniform magnetic field of flux density 5 x 10-5 T is applied parallel to the plate, what should be the
radius of the path followed by electrons ejected normally from the plate with maximum energy? (ANS:
0.149 m)
43. A beam of light has three wavelengths 4144 A0, 4972 A0 and 6216 A0 with a total intensity of 3.6 x
10-3 W/m2 equally distributed amongst the three wavelengths. The beam falls normally on area of 1 cm2 of
a clean metallic surface of a work function 2.3 eV. Assume that there is no loss of light by reflection and
that each energetically capable photon ejects one electron. Calculate the number of photoelectrons
liberated in 2 seconds. (ANS: 11 x1011 )
44. Find de Broglie wavelength of a neutron at 127oC. Given Boltzmann’s constant
kB= 1.38 x 10-23 J molecule-1 K-1 and mass of neutron mn = 1.67 x 10-27 kg. (ANS: 1.26 A0)
45. Which has shorter wavelength, 10eV electron or 10eV photon?
46. Determine the accelerating potential required to give an electron a de Broglie wavelength of
1 A0, Mass of electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg (ANS: 150.6 V)
47. If the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is 1A0, find its velocity and kinetic energy. Mass of
electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg
48. A proton from rest is accelerated through a potential difference of 1000V. Determine its de Broglie
wavelength. Mass of proton = 1.67 x 10-27 kg. (ANS: 9.06 x 10-13 m)

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