Solid State Physics

PHY 366-350
BS-PHYSICS/ELECTRONICS

BRAVAIS LATTICE
Bravais lattice

• Bravais gives the concept of lattice points.

• Linear Lattice (1D)
• Plane Lattice (2D)
• Space Lattice (3D)
• Unit Cell
• Primitive
• Non-primitive
• Bravais with basis
• Bravais and non-Bravais

• Bravais lattice in two dimensions : Plane lattice

• Possibilities unlimited lattices are possible because no
restriction on length of “a” and “b” and on angle 𝜑
between them.
Bravais lattice (2D)

• Five possible plane lattices (4 Bravais lattice)

• Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Oblique, Hexagonal

a a b a
b b

a = b and ᶲ = 90˚ a ≠ b and ᶲ = 90˚ a ≠ b and ᶲ =ᶲ˚

Square Rectangle Rhombus
Bravais lattice (2D)

• Five possible plane lattices

• Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Oblique, Hexagonal

a
a b
b

a ≠ b and ᶲ = 90˚ a = b and ᶲ = 60˚

Oblique Hexagonal
Bravais lattice (3D)

• Bravais showed that identical points can be arranged

spatially to produce 14 types of regular pattern.
• There are 14 Bravais lattices grouped in to 7 crystal
systems.
• Triclinic, Monoclinic, Orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic
trigonal, hexagonal.
Bravais lattice (3D)

a≠b≠c
α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90˚

Triclinic, Simple

a≠b≠c
α = β = 90˚ ≠ γ

Monoclinic, Simple Monoclinic, Base-centered

a≠b≠c
α = β = γ = 90˚

Orthorhombic Base-centered Body-centered Face-centered

Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Orthorhombic
Bravais lattice (3D)

a=b=c
α = β = γ = 90˚

Cubic Cubic
Cubic Body-centered Face-centered

a=b=c
α = β = γ ≠ 90˚

Trigonal
Bravais lattice (3D)

a=b≠c
α = β = γ = 90˚

Tetragonal Body-centered
Tetragonal

a=b≠c
Hexagonal α = β = 90˚
γ = 120˚
Examples of simple crystal structure

• Face-centered and body-centered cubic

• Face centered
• FCC- Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and Pt.
• Simple cubic
• Sodium chloride structure
Examples of simple crystal structure

• Body centered
• Cesium chloride structure

Cl

cs
Examples of simple crystal structure

• Diamond structure
• In diamond the carbon atoms are strongly bound to each other
each. carbon atom is bound to four other carbon atoms to form a
three-dimensional rigid structure
Examples of simple crystal structure

• Zinc sulfide (ZnS) structure (zincblende structure)

• Closed to the diamond structure.
• Two atoms forming basis are different kinds, Zn and S.
• InSb, GaSb, GasAs.
Examples of simple crystal structure

• Hexagonal closed-packed (HCP) structure