Circle

Theorems (1)
 Starter
The circle to the right with
centre O, has a diameter of
20cm, and the perimeter of the
triangle OAB is 36cm. Calculate
the area of the triangle.

B
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Today we are going to be looking at angles
within circles

• We will learn about the angles in a semi-

circle

• We will also learn about angles at the edge

and centre of a circle…
 Circle Theorems (1)
• “The angle in a semi-circle is always 90°”

90° 90°
90°

90°
 Circle Theorems (1)
• “The angle at the circumference is half the
angle at the centre”
115°
50°

50° 130°
15°
100° 15° 230°

65°

30°
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Example Question 1

C
Line AB is the diameter of a Circle.
Angle CAB is 50°. Calculate angles x
and y and give reasons for your x
90°
answers
50°
Angle x A 40°
y
= 90° (Angle in a semi-circle) B

Angle y
= 40° (50° + 40° + 90° = 180°)
(Angles in a Triangle)
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Example Question 2

Line XY is the diameter of a Circle.

What is the sum of angles a and b?
Explain your answer. Y

The sum is 90°. b

The unmarked angle is 90°, as it is an
angle in a semi-circle.
Angles in a triangle add up to 180°, so if a
c is 90° then a + b must be 90° as well. X
c
90°

Note: There is not enough information

here to work out a or b!
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Example Question 3

W Z
Calculate angles a and b and give
reasons for your answers.
a
61° b
61°
Angle a
= 61°
(Angle at the edge is half the angle at
the centre) 122°
X Y
Angle b
= 61°
(Same as above, the angle has just
moved round the edge a bit)
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Example Question 4

Work out the 2 labeled angles and state

reasons for your answers.

C
Angle ‘s’
= 108° (Angles on a straight line)
72° O
Angle ‘t’ s
108°
🡪 Triangle ABO is Isosceles as 2 sides t
36°
A
are the radius of the circle B
🡪 The 2 angles at the base will therefore
be equal
🡪 180° - 108° = 72°
🡪 72° ÷ 2 = 36°
 Circle Theorems (1)
• Example Question 5

Work out ALL the missing angles!

A
Angle a
= 50° (Isosceles Triangle) e
40°
Angle b
= 80° (180° in a Triangle) 100°
c
40°
d O
Angle c C b
80°
a
50°
= 100° (Angles on a Straight Line)

Angle d 50°
= 40° (Angle in a semi-circle = 90°)
B
Angle e
= 40° (Isosceles Triangle)
 Circle Theorems (1)
• “The angle in a semi-circle is always 90°”
PROOF
The circle has a triangle drawn inside it, where
the circle has been split into 2.
Imagine we drew a line from the point of the
y triangle to the centre, in effect, the radius.
x
The smaller triangle created is Isosceles because
2x y 2 sides are the radius
x 180 – 2x
2y
If we label the equal angles ‘x’…
Then the other angle is effectively ‘180 - 2x’
To work out the other angle on the straight line,
you would do: 180 - (180 – 2x)
180 – 180 + 2x
🡪 2x
Apply the same logic to the other triangle, using
2x + 2y = 180 (straight line rule) y instead, gives the other central angle as ‘2y’
x + y = 90
 Circle Theorems (1)
• “The angle at the circumference is half the
angle at the centre”
PROOF
Imagine we split the diagram down the
middle
x y We can label angles in the Isosceles
triangle to the left as before
🡪 x, x and 180 - 2x
180-2x
We find again that the angle beneath will
be 2x
x 2x 2y
y Apply the same idea to the other triangle,
using y instead

You can see that the angle at the centre is

2x + 2y, and the angle at the circumference
is x + y, half of it!
 Plenary

70° 70°
90°

Angle DAB is 90° as it is a semi-circle, so ABD must be 70° (Triangle)

A Kite has a line of symmetry down the middle, so angle x = 70°
70
Plenary
Plenary
Plenary
Plenary
 Summary
We have learnt two circle theorems:

🡪The angle in a semi-circle is 90˚

🡪The angle at the edge is half the angle at the

centre

You will need to remember and apply both of

these alongside some other rules that you will see
over the next few lessons!