Starter

Find the missing angles and give reasons.

50 113 121
Supplementary Corresponding Alternate angles
angles sum to angles are equal are equal
180°
 Circle Theorems
Label the diagrams using the key words:

Radius Diameter Centre Chord Minor segment

Circumference Arc Major segment Sector Tangent

 Investigation

1) Draw a line from the centre of

your circle to a point on the
circumference.
2) Draw the tangent at that point.
3) Measure the angle between the
radius and the tangent.

What can you tell me?

 Theorem

A tangent is perpendicular to a radius.

 Investigation

1) Draw two lines from the centre to

the circumference.
3) Draw two more lines to the other
side of your circle from the same points
that you drew the first two lines.

What do you notice?

 Theorem

The angle at the centre is

twice the angle at the
circumference.
 Proof

= (180 – x)/2

= (180 – y)/2

= 180 – (½x + ½y) x° y°

= 360 – (x + y)

∴ the angle at the centre is twice

the angle at the circumference.
 Investigation

1) Draw the circle’s diameter.

2) Draw two lines to a point at the
circumference.
3) Measure the subtended angle of the
diameter from the circumference.

What do you notice?

 Theorem

The angle in a semi-circle is 90o.

 Proof
= 180° as it is a
straight line.

Using “the angle at the

centre is twice the angle at
the circumference” means
that

=½
= ½ x 180°
= 90°

∴ the angle in a semi-circle is 90o.

 Investigation

1) On your circle pick 4 points a,b,c,d. c

Don’t pick points directly opposite each
other.
2) Connect points a and b to c.
3) Connect points a and b to d.
4) Measure the angles subtended from a b
and b at c and d.
a
What do you notice?
 Theorem

Angles subtended by the

same arc are equal.
b

a
 Proof
Using “the angle at the
centre is twice the angle at
x°
the circumference” means
that
y°
=2

=2

2x = 2y ∴ x = y 2x°
2y°

∴ angles subtended by the

same arc are equal.
 Investigation

1) Draw a quadrilateral inside your

circle. Every vertex must be
touching the circumference of the
circle.
2) Measure the angles inside the
quadrilateral.

What can you tell me?

(Of course they add up to 360; it’s a
quadrilateral!)
 Theorem

Opposite angles in a cyclic

quadrilateral sum to 180o.
 Proof
Using “the angle at the
centre is twice the angle at
the circumference” means
that

=2
x°
=2

2x + 2y = 360º
y°
2(x + y) = 360º
x + y = 180º
∴ opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral
sum to 180o.
 Investigation

1) Draw a triangle inside your circle

with all vertices on the
circumference.
2) Draw a tangent at one of the
vertices.
3) Measure the angles between the
tangent and the triangle, and the
angles of the triangle.

What can you tell me?

 Theorem

Angles in alternate segments are equal.

 Proof
For cases when the chord isn’t a
diameter?

x°

90-x

x°

Using “angles subtended by the same arc are equal”

∴ angles in alternate segments are equal.
 Investigation

1) Draw two tangents from your

circle that meet at a point.
2) Measure the lengths of these
tangents.

What can you tell me?

 Theorem

Tangents from a point are equal.

 Proof

Using Pythagoras’ Theorem

∴ tangents r
from a point
are equal.

x r
Show me a problem that can be
solved using:
• Angle at the centre rule.
• Angles subtended from an arc.
• Angles subtended from the
diameter.
• Opposite angles in a cyclic
quadrilateral.
Circle Theorems
Circle Theorems
 Answers
1) 67º because angles subtended by the same arc are equal.
2) 56º because the angle at the centre is twice that at the circumference.
3) 69º because the angle in a semi-circle is 90º.
4) 37º because the radii make an isosceles triangle.
5) 109º because the radii make an isosceles triangle.
6) 44º because angles subtended by the same arc are equal.
7) 111º because opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180º.
8) 90º because the tangent and the radius are perpendicular.
9) 29º because angles in alternate segments are equal.
10) 67º because opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180º.
11) 90º because the tangent and the radius are perpendicular.
12) 27º because angles in alternate segments are equal.