Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chaitanya Sir
EXCELLENCE CLASSES
Excellence Classes
Content
Orested’s Experiment
(Magnetic Field due to current carrying straight wire)
Right Hand Thumb Rule
(Magnetic field due to current in a loop)
Electromagnet
(Types & its uses)
Comparison between Electromagnet & Permanent
magnet
DC motor & its working principle
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Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
Electromagnetic Induction
Direction of Emf induced
1. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
2. Lenz’s Law
AC generator
Advantage of AC over DC
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Introduction
Hi dear students we are aware of Energy
conservation Act….according to which energy can be
converted from one form to another form. In this chapter
we will study how conversion takes place between Electric
energy and magnetic energy.
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Orested’s Experiment (continued.)
Result:-
The compass needle points remains towards the north
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Orested’s Experiment (continued.)
Result:-
The compass needle points towards the east.
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Orested’s Experiment (continued.)
Result:-
The compass needle points towards the west.
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Orested’s Experiment (continued.)
Conclusion:-
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Magnetic field lines due to current
in the straight wire
Take a copper wire and connect it to the battery
supply with a key and pass it through the cardboard.
Sprinkle some iron filling on the cardboard and switch
on the key so that the current will start flowing
through and wire.
We will observe that the iron filling will arrange itself
to form concentric circles around the copper wire.
Now if the direction of the current in the wire is
reversed by changing the polarity of the battery, then
also the iron filling forms concentric circles but in
opposite direction.
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Magnetic field lines due to current
in the straight wire
The concentric circles indicates that:-
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Magnetic field lines due to
current in the straight wire
depends upon
1. As the current(I) in the wire is increased, the
magnitude of magnetic field(B) around the conductor
increases.
i.e B α I (B is directly proportional to I)
2. As we move away from the wire the magnitude of
magnetic field goes on decreasing.
i.e B α (1/ r) (B is inversly proportional to the radius)
Note:- B is magnetic field in Tesla
I is current in Ampere
r is radius of concentric circle in meter
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Magnetic field lines due to current carrying circular coil
•The magnetic field around straight wire
can be increased by bending the wire in
the circular coil.
•A circular coil is made up of large number
of very small straight wires.
•Sprinkle some iron filling on the
cardboard.
•The end terminals are connected to the
battery the current will start flowing which
will produce the magnetic field.
•Hence at the centre of the coil, the iron
filling will align almost in straight line and
perpendicular to the plane of the coil.
•At the two turns of coil, the iron filling will
arrange itself in an concentric circles.
•The direction of magnetic field produced
can be illustrated by Right hand thumb
rule
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Magnetic field lines due to current carrying circular coil
depends upon
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B=knI/r
Magnetic field lines due to current carrying circular solenoid
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Magnetic field lines due to current carrying solenoid depends
upon
1. I shaped Electromagnet
2. U shaped Electromagnet
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1 I shaped or straight Electromagne
•An I shaped electromagnet is a coil of wire
of large number of turns wound on a soft iron
core.
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electromagnet
•It is an soft iron core in U shaped
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Uses of Electromagnet
1. Electromagnets are used in many electrical
devices such as telephone , loudspeaker
electrical horn etc.
2. In industries to lift transfer iron, steel and
metallic scrap.
3. For seperation metals from non magnetic
materials
4. In Motor and Generators.
5. In hospitals, to attract a bit of small iron particles
entered in sensitive areas like eyes.
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Comparision between Electromagnet & Permanent magnet
2 They are temporary magnets and can They are permanent magnet unless they are
produce magnetic field for the time when roughly handled or heated.
current is flowing
3 The magnetic field strength can be changed The magnetic field strength cannot be
by changing current or number of turns of the changed once made.
coil.
4 It polarity can be reversed Its polarity cannot be reversed
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Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
• It states that “ Stretch out the
forefinger, middle finger and thumb of
Left hand mutually perpendicular to
each other as shown in figure.
Magnetic Field
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Electromagnetic induction
If magnetic field through an circuit changes, an
EMF is induced in that circuit.
This Emf produced is called as induced emf and
the current is called as induced current.
The induced Emf is Alternating in nature.
The scientist Michael Farad and Joseph Henry
Conducted the experiment and stated the laws
regarding electromagnetic induction.
Hence the law is called as Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction
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Experimental Setup For
Electromagnetic Induction
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Experimental Setup For Electromagnetic
Induction
An coil is wound on a soft iron core and it is connected across a
galvanometer.
An galvanometer is an instrument which shows deflection when current
is passed through it.
A bar magnet is moved as in following cases.
Fig A
The magnet is kept stationary. Hence no change in magnetic
field. No Emf will induced. So Galvanometer is show zero deflection.
Fig B
The magnet is moved towards the coil .Hence there is change in
magnetic field linking to coil. Emf is induced and Galvanometer will
show deflection at right side
Fig C
The magnet is moved away from the coil .Hence there is change
in magnetic
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polarity and hence Galvanometer will show deflection at left side.
Hence EMF induced is Alternating in
nature
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Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
• It states that “ Stretch out the
forefinger, middle finger and
thumb of Right hand mutually
perpendicular to each other as
shown in figure.
Construction:-
Following are the components of DC motor
magnets.
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Compare DC Motor & AC
Generator
Sr No.
DC Motor AC Generator
4 The motor speed can be varied. The generator speed is kept constant.
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Advantage of AC over DC
supply.
DC generation.
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The AC machines are more robust than DC