WARRIOR

WARRIOR 2023
Class 10th One–Shot Series

Magnetic Effects of
Electric Current
By- ALOK SIR
 Magnet
1.
Magnetic Field
2.

Solenoid
3.

Electromagnet
4.
Domestic Electric Circuit
5.
 MAGNET
The substances which have the property of attracting iron are called magnets.
It is an object which attracts pieces of iron, steel etc. towards itself.
 MAGNET
Magnets are of different shapes like :

Bar Magnet Magnetic

Needle

Horse shoe shaped

magnet Magnetic
Compass
 SOME FACTS ABOUT MAGNETS :
Magnet always exist as dipole : The magnet always exists as a dipole, that is
it has two poles irrespective of the shape of the magnet. Even if we cut the
magnet at atomic levels, we can observe it still has the two poles.
 Why do men like smart women ?

Because Opposite Attract each other

 SOME FACTS ABOUT MAGNETS :
Like poles always repel and opposite poles attract each other.
 SOME FACTS ABOUT MAGNETS :
Two poles of a magnet can never be separated :
 SOME FACTS ABOUT MAGNETS :
When magnet is freely suspended it always aligns towards north-south direction
 MAGNETIC FIELD
Magnet always develop certain area around it where its effect can be felt i.e.
magnetic field.
 MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
M. Field is studied by drawing imaginary lines called magnetic lines of forces.
 MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
Magnetic lines produced around bar magnet :
 CHARACTERISTICS

• They always exit from North pole & enter at South pole.

• Field Lines are always Closed Curves.

• Field Lines are crowded near poles which shows the strength of the magnet

• Two Field Lines never Cross Each other, as the two directions at a single point

of intersection cannot occur at the same time.

Hans Christian Oersted
Oersted’s Experiment
 AMPERE SWIMMING RULE :
Suppose a person is swimming in the direction of current such that current enters
the man through his feet and leave his body through head than the magnetic
needle kept below it will get deflected towards his left hand.
 SNOW RULE :
• When the current flows from south to north needle deflect towards west.

Snow rule: It states that if the current is flowing in an electric circuit from South to
North direction and a magnetic compass is placed Over the conducting wire, the needle
of the compass deflects in the direction of the west.
MAGNET FIELD PRODUCED BY STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR
 MAGNET FIELD PRODUCED BY STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR
• M. lines are concentric circle.

• The direction of magnetic lines reverses as we reverse the direction of

current.

• When current flows upward = direction of M lines are Anticlockwise.

• When current flows downward = direction of M. lines are clockwise.

• M. field produced is directly proportional to Current & inversely proportional

to Distance from conductor.
 RIGHT HAND THUMB RULE
• Suppose you grasp the conductor in your right hand such that thumbs points
in the direction of current. Then the direction in which our fingers curls gives
the direction of M. field.
 MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED DUE TO CIRCULAR LOOP
• M. field produced around circular loop is also circular. As we move away from
loop. Concentric circle become bigger.
• At the centre, the M. lines are parallel i.e. cancel each others.

• The part from where the magnetic lines

entering the coil facing us that is considered

as south pole and the other is north pole.

• Current flowing clockwise = south

• Current flowing anticlockwise = north

 MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED BY CIRCULAR LOOP
Characteristics :
• The magnetic lines are circular at the points from where current enters or
leaves the coil.

• Within the space enclosed by coil the field lines are in same direction.

• Near the centre of the coil the magnetic lines are almost parallel to each other.

• At the centre of coil the plane of magnetic field lines are at right angles to the
plane of circular coil.

• Magnetic field produced is directly proportional to current & inversely

proportional to Distance from conductor.
A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped
closely in the shape of a cylinder is called a solenoid.
 MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED DUE TO SOLENOID
• Solenoid is long coil containing large no of turns of copper wire.

• When solenoid is connected is battery and current is passed through it. It

produces magnetic field which is similar to Magnetic field produced around
the bar magnet.
• One side of solenoid act as N-pole & other S-pole.
Strength of magnetic field can be changed by :

• increasing the amount of current.

• Increasing no. of turns of copper wire.

• nature of medium inside the core of solenoid.

 ELECTROMAGNET
Electromagnet is substance which start behaving as a magnet when current is
passed through it but as current is switched off magnetism is lost.
It consist of long coil of Cu wire wounded on soft iron core. The ends of Cu wire
are connected to battery.
Factors affecting strength of electromagnet :-

• No. of turns in coil.

• Current flowing in coil
• Length of gap between poles.

Steel is not used for making electromagnet as it does not looses its magnetism
even if current is switched off i.e. form permanent magnet.
 KICKING WIRE EXPERIMENT
On pressing the switch current flows in wire in downward direction as it is placed
between poles of magnet because force acts on it and wire gets displaced from its
original position.
• As it gets displaced, circuit breaks, current flow
stops due to which no force acts on wire and it
returns to its original position.
• Again circuit gets completed, again force acts
and wire get displaced.
• This is how it goes on repeating.

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical

force is exerted on the conductor making it move.
 FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE
Stretch your fore finger, centre finger & thumb mutually perpendicular to each
other such that fore finger points in the direction of m. field, centre Finger
indicates direction Of current & thumb gives the direction of force of motion
DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 EARTHING
• Electric appliances are always touched by hands, there can be a chance that its
insulation breaks or cracks, then its bare wires touches its metal cases than
the person touching them might get a shock. To avoid such the metal cases are
earthed.

• By earthing we mean that the metallic body is connected to thick copper wire
which is buried deep under earth . And at the end of copper plate is
surrounded by mixture of charcoal and common salt.

• The earth is always at 0 potential.

 IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
1. Overloading of an electric circuit means when current flows in a circuit
becomes more than the capacity of components in the circuit to resist the
current. When too much current passes an electric overload occurs through
electric wires, which may cause fire.
 IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

2. Short-Circuiting : Short-circuit develops when live wire comes into contact

with neutral wire. Short circuit is simply a low resistance connection between
the two conductors supplying electrical power to any circuit. This results in
excessive current flow in the power source through the 'short,' and may even
cause the power source to be destroyed.
 AC and DC
Electric current flows in two ways as an alternating current (AC) or direct
current (DC). The main difference between AC and DC lies in the direction in
which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons flow steadily in a single
direction, while electrons keep switching directions, going forward and then
backwards in AC.
 Why is it advantageous to use domestic circuit in parallel than series ?

Q.