PLANE

TRIGONOMETRY
INTRODUCTION
• Trigonometry is the study of triangles by applying the
relations between the sides and the angles.
• The term “trigonometry” comes from the Greek words
“trigonon” which means “triangle” and “metria”
meaning “measuements”.
 1.1 FUNCTIONS OF RIGHT TRIANGLE

• PROPERTIES OF A RIGHT TRIANGLE

• A right triangle has three sides which include the
two legs and a hypotenuse.
• The two legs of the triangle form the right
triangle
• The hypotenuse, which is the longest side, is
opposite the right angle.
The Pythagorean Theorem
EXAMPLE
FIND THE VALUE OF X.
EXAMPLE 2
FIND THE VALUE OF Y.
EXAMPLE 3
FIND THE VALUE OF X.
1.1 FUNCTIONS OF RIGHT TRIANGLE
• Sine Function
• Sine function of an angle is the ratio between the opposite side length to
that of the hypotenuse.
Sin Ɵ =Opposite/Hypotenuse
• Cosine Function
• Cos of an angle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of
the hypotenuse.
Cos Ɵ = Adjacent/Hypotenuse
1.1 FUNCTIONS OF RIGHT TRIANGLE
• Tangent Function
• The tangent function is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to that of the
adjacent side. It should be noted that the tan can also be represented in terms
of sine and cos as their ratio.
Tan Ɵ = Opposite/Adjacent
 1.1 FUNCTIONS OF RIGHT TRIANGLE
• Secant, Cosecant and Cotangent Functions
• Secant, cosecant (csc) and cotangent are the three additional functions which are
derived from the primary functions of sine, cos, and tan.
• The reciprocal of sine, cosine, and tangent are cosecant (csc), secant (sec), and
cotangent (cot) respectively. The formula of each of these functions are given as:
• Sec Ɵ = 1/(cos Ɵ) = Hypotenuse/Adjacent
• Csc Ɵ = 1/(sin Ɵ) = Hypotenuse/Opposite
• Cot Ɵ = 1/(tan Ɵ) = Adjacent/Opposite
1.1 FUNCTIONS OF RIGHT TRIANGLE
EXAMPLE
WRITE THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
EXAMPLE
WRITE THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
SEATWORK
WRITE THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:

Y
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
AND
ANGLE OF DEPRESSION
EXAMPLE

• A cadet standing 120m from the base of the

Independence Flagpole at the Luneta Park observes
from a certain point on the ground that the angle of
elevation of the top of the pole is 60 °. Find the height
of the flagpole.
EXAMPLE

• Points A and B are 100 m apart and are of the same

elevation as the foot of a building. The angles of
elevation of the top of the building from points A and B
are 21° and 32° respectively. How far is A from the
building in meters?
EXAMPLE

• A car is seen from the window of a building with in 50

meters from the ground. If the car is 20 meters from the
building. What is the angle of depression of the car
from the window?
EXAMPLE

• A man at the top of a 50 meter tall lighthouse sees two

ships approaching one behind the other. The angles of
depression of the ships are 36° and 25°. What is the
distance between the two ships to the nearest meter?
SEATWORK
1. An observer wishes to determine the height of a tower. He
takes sights at the top of the tower from A and B, which are 50
feet apart, at the same elevation on a direct line with the
tower. The vertical angle at point A is 30° and at point B is
40°. What is the height of the tower?
2. From the top of a fire tower, a forest ranger sees his partner on
the ground at an angle of depression of 40º. If the tower is 45
feet in height, how far is the partner from the base of the
tower?
1.2 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITY
EXAMPLE

Proving Identities Simplifying Identities

SEATWORK

1.

2.
SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES
EXAMPLE

1. Find the exact value of sin 5π/12

2. Find the exact value of cos 105°

3. Find the exact value of tan 15°

EXAMPLE

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
EXAMPLE

• COS

• SIN

• TAN
SEATWORK

• Tan 75° (sum of two angles)

• Csc2X – cot2X (double angle)

• Sin (120°) (half angle)

POWER FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE

•
PRODUCT FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE

• SIN(7) SIN(4)

• SIN(9) COS(3)
SUM TO PRODUCT FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE

• SIN(8) + SIN(3)

• COS(11) + COS(3)

• SIN(75°) + SIN(15°)
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

A pair of angles are said to be A pair of angles are said to be

supplementary if their sum is 180 degrees. complementary if their sum is 90 degrees.

Supplement of an angle x° is (180 - x)°. The complement of an angle x° is (90 - x)°.

They can be joined together to form a They can be joined together to form a right
straight angle. angle.
EXAMPLE

1. Find the value of angle Y in the following figure.

2. Find the supplement of 86°

SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

A pair of angles are said to be supplementary A pair of angles are said to be

if their sum is 180 degrees. complementary if their sum is 90 degrees.

Supplement of an angle x° is (180 - x)°. The complement of an angle x° is (90 - x)°.

They can be joined together to form a straight They can be joined together to form a right
angle. angle.
EXAMPLE

1. Find the complement of the angle 57°.

2. Find the angle which is equal to its complement

MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES

• 1 DEGREE = 60 MINUTES
• 1 MINUTE = 60 SECONDS
• 90 DEGREE = 100 GRAD
• Π RAD = 180 DEG
• 1 REVOLUTION = 2 Π RAD = 360 DEG =400 GRAD = 6400 MIL
EXAMPLE

1. Convert the following degree measure to radian measure.

a) 20 degrees b) 28 degrees
2. Convert the following radian measure to degree measure.
a) π/6 rad b) 3 π/2 rad
3. Convert the following DMS to degree
a) 45°28’32’’ b) 38°41’27’’
4. Convert the following degree to DMS
a) 38.4256° b) 52.3175°
 OBLIQUE TRIANGLE
An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a right triangle.
It could be an acute triangle (all three angles of the triangle
are less than right angles) or it could be an obtuse triangle
(one of the three angles is greater than a right angle).
Actually, for the purposes of trigonometry, the class of
“oblique triangles” might just as well include right triangles,
too. Then the study of oblique triangles is really the study of
all triangles
LAW OF SINES
The Law of Sines is the relationship
between the sides and angles of non-
right (oblique) triangles.

Simply, it states that the ratio of the

length of a side of a triangle to the sine
of the angle opposite that side is the
same for all sides and angles in a given
triangle.
EXAMPLE
1. Given ΔABC with ∠A=30°, ∠B=20° and a=45m. Find the remaining
angle and sides.

2. Given ∠A=42°, ∠B=75°and c=22cm. Find the remaining angle and

sides.
EXAMPLE
3. A solar panel was installed on the roof of a house and set to an angle that
optimizes the energy produced. The length of the panel is 1.96 meters and
the length of the leg supporting it is 0.68 meters. If the support leg makes an
angle of 117∘ with the roof, what is the optimal inclination angle of the solar
panel? Write the answer rounded to the nearest degree. ANS 18∘
EXAMPLE
4. Two cellphone towers detect a smartphone in use. One tower finds that the
smartphone is about 650 meters away at an angle of 41∘. The second tower
is at an approximate distance of 534 meters from the smartphone at an angle
of 53∘. Find the distance between the cellphone towers. Write the answer
rounded to the nearest meter. ANS 812m
LAW OF COSINES
The Law of Cosines is used to
find the remaining parts of an
oblique (non-right) triangle
when either the lengths of two
sides and the measure of the
included angle is known (SAS)
or the lengths of the three sides
(SSS) are known.
EXAMPLE

1. Given a=11, b=5 and m∠C=20°. Find the remaining side.

2. Given a=8,b=19 and c=14. Find the measures of the angles.

EXAMPLE
• A satellite orbiting the Earth emits a signal to calculate the distance
between itself and Earth. It found that the distances between itself and two
cities are 398km and 361 km, respectively, and that the angle between
them is 5∘. Find the distance between the cities. Round the answer to the
nearest kilometer. ANS 50 km
EXAMPLE
• A security camera has been installed in one of the corners in a room. The
diagram shown below indicates the area that is visible in the camera's
recording. What is the angle of the camera's field of vision? Write the
answer rounded to the nearest degree ANS 26∘
LAW OF TANGENT
Law of tangents is a law in trigonometry
which relates the sides and angles of a
right triangle. Tangent rule gives the
relationship between the sum and
differences of the sides and angles of a
triangle.

The tangent rule can be used to find the

remaining parts of any triangle for which
two sides and one angle or one side and
two angles are given.
EXAMPLE
1. Solve the triangle △ABC given a=5, b=3and C=96∘.

2. Solve the triangle given a=5,b=3 and ∠C=96° and find the value of A – B.
 AREA
OF
TRIANGLE
Given base b and altitude h
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
Given two sides a and b and included angle Ɵ
EXAMPLE

FIND THE AREA OF ∆PQR.

 EXAMPLE
FIND THE AREA OF ∆ABC.

FIND THE AREA OF ∆PQR.

Given three sides a b and c
EXAMPLE
FIND THE AREA OF ∆ABC.
EXAMPLE
FIND THE AREA OF ∆XYZ.
EXAMPLE
FIND THE AREA OF ∆.
MEDIAN OF TRIANGLE
•Every triangle has 3 medians, one from each
vertex. AE, BF and CD are the 3 medians of the
triangle ABC.
•The 3 medians always meet at a single point,
no matter what the shape of the triangle is.
•The point where the 3 medians meet is called
the centroid of the triangle. Point O is the
centroid of the triangle ABC.
•Each median of a triangle divides the triangle
into two smaller triangles which have equal
area.
•In fact, the 3 medians divide the triangle into 6
smaller triangles of equal area.
FORMULA
EXAMPLE
• Determine the length of the median AM of the triangle ABC, whose sides are
AB =4 units, BC =5 units, and AC =3 units.
ALTITUDE OF A TRIANGLE
•Every triangle has 3 altitudes, one from each
vertex. AE, BF and CD are the 3 altitudes of the
triangle ABC.
•The altitude is the shortest distance from the
vertex to its opposite side.
•The 3 altitudes always meet at a single point,
no matter what the shape of the triangle is.
•The point where the 3 altitudes meet is called
the ortho-center of the triangle. Point O is the
ortho-center of the triangle ABC.
•The altitude of a triangle may lie inside or
outside the triangle.
FORMULA
EXAMPLE
1. The area of a triangle is 72 square units. Find the length of the altitude if
the length of the base is 9 units.

2. Calculate the length of the altitude of a scalene triangle whose sides are 7
units, 8 units, and 9 units respectively.

3. Calculate the altitude of an isosceles triangle whose two equal sides are 8
units and the third side is 6 units.
ANGLE BISECTOR
Angle bisector of a triangle is a line that
divides one included angle into two equal
angles. It is drawn from vertex to the
opposite side of the triangle.

Since there are three included angles of the

triangle, there are also three angle bisectors,
and these three will intersect at the incenter.
The figure shown below is the bisector of
angle A, its length from vertex A to side a is
denoted as bA
FORMULA
EXAMPLE
• Let ABC a triangle in which a=3 cm, b=4 cm and c=2 cm. Find
the angle bisectors Ba, Bb y Bc.
THANK
YOU