CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAMS PROBLEMS PHILIPPINES – October 2,2020

AREAS OF TRIANGLES

GIVEN THE HEIGHT AND THE BASE (GENERAL FORMULA)

1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ
2

GIVEN THE SIDES AND AN INCLUDED ANGLE

GIVEN ALL THREE SIDES (HERON’S FORMULA)

GIVEN TWO ANGLES AND INCLUDED SIDE

EXAMPLES

1. Solve the area of the triangle DEF given that EF = 35 mm , DE = 25 mm and ∠E = 64°
SOLUTION:

2. Farmer Jones owns a triangular piece of land. The length of the fence AB is 150 m. The length of the fence BC is 231 m. The angle between fence
AB and fence BC is 123º. How much land does Farmer Jones own?
SOLUTION:

3. The area of the triangle is 8,346 sq m and two of its interior angles are 37° 25’ and 56° 17’. What is the length of the largest side?
SOLUTION:
 4. Find the area of the triangle given that a = 5 m , b = 7 m and c = 10 m.
SOLUTION:

5. A parking lot is to have the shape of a parallelogram that has adjacent sides measuring 200 feet and 260 feet. The acute angle between two adjacent
sides is What is the area of the parking lot?
SOLUTION:
Using the formula and parallelogram have two congruent triangles each.

𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 2[200(265) sin 65°] = 96,068.625 𝑓𝑡. 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

6. (ECE Board) Two triangles have equal bases. The altitude of one triangle is 3 units more than its base and the altitude of the other triangles is 3 units
less than its base. Find the altitudes if the areas of the triangles differ by 21 units.
SOLUTION:

EXERCISES – Answer the following questions.

1. Suppose in a right triangle one of the legs is of length 5 and the angle formed by the hypotenuse and this leg is 28°. What is the area? Ans. 6.646
2. A triangle has two known sides, namely AB = 40 m, AC = 60 m. Point D is on line AB such that AD = 25 m. Point E is on the line AC such that the
area ADE is one third of the area of ABC. How far is E from A? Ans. 32 cm
3. Before she goes camping, La Verne has to buy a tent pole to replace the one she lost on her last outing. If the area of the front of the tent is 22 square
feet and the base of the tent has the dimensions 8 feet on its base, how tall must the pole be? Ans. 44/8 feet
4. Find the area of the triangle with a = 12 yards, b = 16 yards, and c = 24 yards. Ans. 85 sq yards
5. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 100 cm. If the base is 36 cm, find the length of the equal sides. Ans. 32 cm
6. A Chicago city developer wants to construct a building consisting of artist’s lofts on a triangular lot bordered by Rush Street, Wabash Avenue, and
Pearson Street. The frontage along Rush Street is approximately 62.4 meters, along Wabash Avenue it is approximately 43.5 meters, and along
Pearson Street it is approximately 34.1 meters. How many square meters are available to the developer? Ans. 711.4 m^2
7. If AB = 27 , CD = 20 and the area of the triangle ADC = 240 , what is the area of the quadrilateral ABCD? Ans. 1128

8. A triangle has an area of 90 square cm. Find the length of the base if the corresponding base is 3 cm more then the height. Ans. 15 cm
9. A woman hikes 503 m, turns and jogs 415 m, turns again, and runs 365 m returning to her starting point. What is the area of the triangle formed by
her path? Ans. 74,600 m^3
10. (CE Board) If the midpoints of the sides of a certain triangle are connected, the area of the triangle thus formed is what part of the area of the original
triangle? Ans. 1/4
11. In the figure below, ABCD is a rectangle of length of length 60 and width 30. The length of of BF and GC are respectively equal to 10 and 20. Find
the area of the shaded region. Ans. 1350
 12. Triangle XYZ has base angles X = 52º and Z = 60º , distance XZ = 400 m long. A line AB which is 20 m long is laid out parallel to XZ. Compute the
area ABXZ. Ans. 44,162 m^2
13. To find the length AB of a small lake, a surveyor measured angle ACB to be 96°, AC to be 91 yards, and BC to be 71 yards. What is the approximate
area he surveyed? Ans. 3212.803 yards^2
14. A building site is in the form of a quadrilateral as shown and its area is 1510 m^2. Determine the length of the perimeter of the site. Ans. 163.364 m

15. Calculate the area of the regular octagon if each side is 20 mm and the width across the flats is 48.3 mm. Ans. 1932 mm
16. Find the area of the triangle in the figure shown. Ans. 27.9 miles^2

17. A triangle blank of equal sides is to punch in a copper plate, the area of the blank should be 24 sq. cm find the side. Ans. 7.4 cm
18. A triangular sail has a perimeter of 25 m. Side a is 2 m shorter than twice side b, and side c is 3 m longer than side b. Find the area of the sail.
Ans. 23.419 m^2
19. Find the area of a rhombus to the nearest integer if the side has length 30 and an angle measures 55° Ans. 737.24
20. The area of the inner triangle ABC is 1/4 that of the triangle ADE. AB = 45 m, AD = 65 m , AE = 90 m and DE = 80 m. Point B is along line AD and
point C is along line AE. Find the length of segment CE. Ans. 57.5 m.

BISECTORS AND TRIANGLE RELATIONSHIPS

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

MEDIAN OF A TRIANGLE – line drawn from one vertex to the midpoint of its opposite side. The medians of a triangle intersect at a common point known as
CENTROID .
ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE – line drawn from one vertex perpendicular to its opposite side. The altitudes intersected known as ORTHOCENTER.

ANGLE BISECTOR OF A TRIANGLE – line drawn from one vertex to the opposite bisecting the angle included between the two other sides. The bisectors
intersect at a point known as INCENTER.

PERPENDICULAR BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE line drawn from the midpoint of a triangle perpendicular about its opposite side. The perpendicular bisectors
intersect is known as CIRCUMCENTER.

EULER LINE - line going through several important triangle centers, including the orthocenter, circumcenter, centroid, and center of the nine point circle. This
also determines if the triangle is equilateral.
CIRCLE – TRIANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBED ABOUT A TRIANGLE – circle is circumscribed about a triangle if it passes through the vertices of the triangle.

CIRCLE INSCRIBED IN A TRIANGLE – circle is inscribed in a triangle if it is tangent to the three sides of the triangle.

CIRCLES ESCRIBED ABOUT A TRIANGLE – circle is escribed about a triangle if it is tangent to one side and to the prolongation of the other two sides. A
triangle has three escribed circles.

EXAMPLES:
1. P is the centroid of the ΔQRS and RP = 10. Find RT.
SOLUTION :
 2. (ECE Board) If an equilateral triangle is circumscribed about a circle of radius 10 cm, determine the side of the triangle.
SOLUTION:

EXERCISES – Answer the following questions

1. Find PV if PW = 7. Ans. 7

2. Find the length of the median to the longest side of the triangle whose sides are 40,50, and 70, respectively. Ans. 28.723
3. The area of a triangle ABC is 65.59 cm and its perimeter is 48 cm. Compute the radius of the inscribed circle. Ans. 2.71 cm
4. Find the radius r of the inscribed for the triangle ABC given that a = 2 , b = 3 and c =4. Ans. 0.645
5. The ΔABC’s sides are AB = 6cm, BC = 4cm and AC = 5.5cm. locate its orthocenter of the longest side. Ans. 3.566 cm
6. In the figure shown , ND = 5x -1 and NE = 2x +11 . Find NF. Ans. 19

7. (CE Board) What is the radius of the circle circumscribing an isosceles right triangle having an area of 162 cm^2? Ans. 12.728 cm
8. Given triangle ABC whose angles are A = 40° , B = 95° and side b = 30 cm. Find the length of the bisector of angle C. Ans. 21.74 cm

NEXT TOPICS ON OCTOBER 5, 2020 :

1. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
3. Hyperbolic Functions
REFERENCES

Algebra and Trigonometry by Cynthia Young

Engineering Mathematics by Besavilla
Higher Engineering Mathematics by Bird
Precalculus by Cynthia Young
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/area-of-triangle-word-problems.html
Engineering Mathematics by Rojas
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https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/word-problems-area-triangle.html
Pre Calculus by Blitzer
https://www.hitbullseye.com/Triangle-Problems.php
Algebra and Trigonometry by Openstax
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https://www.analyzemath.com/middle_school_math/grade_8/triangles.html
Scahum’s Outlines of Trigonometry
Licensure Examinations by Besavilla
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https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/circumcircle-of-triangle.html
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