UNIT TEST 2

ALGEBRA
SOLUTION
SUBJECT CODE: UT2

PROBLEM 1: PROBLEM 5: 50%(𝑥 ) + 10%(60𝐿)

The equation whose roots are the The sum of Jake’s and Ana’s ages is = 30%(60𝐿 + 𝑥 )
reciprocals of the equation 2x2 – 3x – 18. In three years, Jake will be twice 50𝑥 + 600 = 1800 + 30𝑥
5 = 0 is: as old as Ana. What are their ages 20𝑥 = 1200
SOLUTION: now? ∴ 𝑪. 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
Solve the roots of the given equation SOLUTION:
first: Let: x, present age of Jake PROBLEM 9:
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0 y, present age of Ana How many litters of a 10 litter 50%
Using the Quadratic Formula: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 18 alcohol solution must be removed and
−𝐵 ± √𝐵2
− 4𝐴𝐶 (𝑥 + 3) = 2(𝑦 + 3) replaced by pure alcohol to obtain a
𝑥= 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑦 + 6 60% alcohol solution?
2𝐴
−(−3) ± √(−3)2 − 4(2)(−5) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3 SOLUTION:
𝑥= Subtracting the first line equation: Consider the table:
2 (2) −3𝑦 = −15
5 50% 50% 100% 60%
𝑥= ; 𝑥 = −1 𝑦=5 Al Al Al Al
2 Substituting the value of y:
Taking the reciprocals of the roots: c 50% 50% 100% 60%
2 𝑥 = 13
𝑥= ; 𝑥 = −1 ∴ 𝑩. 𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟑 V 10L x x 10L
5 50%(10𝐿) − 50%(𝑥) + 100%(𝑥) = 60%(10𝐿)
Use the roots to get the new equation: 500 + 50𝑥 = 600
PROBLEM 6:
(5𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 50𝑥 = 100
A tank can be filled by three pipes
5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 ∴ 𝑫. 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
separately in 20, 30 and 40 minutes
∴ 𝑪. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
respectively. In how many minutes
can it be filled by three pipes acting PROBLEM 10:
PROBLEM 2: A man bought 20 pcs. Of assorted
The roots of the quadratic equation together?
SOLUTION: calculators for P20,000. These
are 1/3 and 1/4. What is the equation? calculators are of three types,
SOLUTION:
Considering their Individual Work:
1 namely:
Equate the roots to x: 𝑃1 𝑡𝑃1 = 1; 𝑃1 (20) = 1 ; 𝑃1 = 20 a. Programmable at P3000/pc
1 1 𝑃2 𝑡𝑃2 = 1; 𝑃2 (30) = 1 ; 𝑃2 =
1
b. Scientific at P1500/pc
𝑥= ; 𝑥= 30
3 4 1 c. Household type at P500/pc
Use the roots to get the new equation: 𝑃3 𝑡𝑃3 = 1; 𝑃3 (40) = 1 ; 𝑃3 = 40
How many of scientific calculators did
(3𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 − 1) = 0 If they act together: he buy?
12𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑃1 𝑡𝑃1 + 𝑃2 𝑡𝑃2 + 𝑃3 𝑡𝑃3 = 1 SOLUTION:
∴ 𝑩. 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 1 1 1 Let: x, number of programmable
( )𝑡 + ( )𝑡 + ( )𝑡 = 1
20 30 40 y, number of scientific
PROBLEM 3: ∴ 𝑫. 𝒕 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔 z, number of households
If the polynomial x3 + 4x2 – 3x + 8 is 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 20
divided by x – 5, determine the PROBLEM 7: 3000𝑥 + 1500𝑦 + 500𝑧 = 20 000
remainder. Ron can finish the job in 8 hours. Poy Use the equations to eliminate a
SOLUTION: can do it in 5 hours. If Ron worked for variable:
Using the Remainder theorem: 3 hours and then Poy asked to help 𝑥 = 20 − 𝑦 − 𝑧
In a given function 𝑓 (𝑥), the remainder him finish it, how long will Poy Have 3000(20 − 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 1500𝑦 + 500𝑧
when the said function is divided by to work with Ron? = 20 000
(𝑥 − 𝑟), is equal to 𝑓 (𝑟). SOLUTION: −1500𝑦 − 2500𝑧 = −40 00
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 8 Considering their Individual Work: Express y in terms of z:
1
𝑓 (5) = (5)3 + 4( 5)2 − 3(5) + 8 𝑅𝑡𝑅 = 1; 𝑅(8) = 1 ; 𝑅 = 40 000 − 2500𝑧
8 𝑦=
𝑓 (5) = 218 1
1500
𝑃𝑡𝑃 = 1; 𝑃(5) = 1 ; 𝑃 = 5
∴ 𝑨. 𝟐𝟏𝟖 Use the table function of calculator:
If they work as stated:
Simply type the function, then input:
PROBLEM 4: 𝑅(3) + 𝑃𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡 = 1
1 1 1 Start=7: End=13; Step=1
Peter is three times as old as James. ( ) (3) + ( ) 𝑡 + ( ) 𝑡 = 1 z y
Four years ago, he was four times as 8 5 8
∴ 𝑨. 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 7 15
old as James was at that time. How 8 13.3333
old is James? 9 11.6667
SOLUTION: PROBLEM 8:
How many litters of a 50% alcohol 10 10
Let: x, present age of Peter
solution must be added to 60 litters of 11 8.3333
y, present age of James
𝑥 = 3𝑦 10% alcohol solution to obtain a 12 6.6666
(𝑥 − 4) = 4(𝑦 − 4) mixture which is 30% alcohol? All 13 5
𝑥 − 4 = 4𝑦 − 16 percentages are by volume. Since the only combination that gives
𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 12 SOLUTION: whole numbers is when
Substituting the first line equation: Consider the table: z=7 and y=15
3𝑦 = 4𝑦 − 12 50% 10% 30% z=10 and y=10
∴ 𝑨. 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐, Al Al Solution z=13 and y=5
𝑱𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝟏𝟐 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒍𝒅 But only when z=13 and y=5 gives us
c 50% 10% 30% neither a negative x or a zero x
Volume x 60L 60L+x 𝑥 = 20 − 13 − 5
∴ 𝑨. 𝒙 = 𝟓
 UNIT TEST 2
ALGEBRA
SOLUTION
SUBJECT CODE: UT2

PROBLEM 11: At what time after 3 o’clock will the Consider the time when he arrived
The sum of two numbers is 40 and hands of the clock be: (Equations in terms of clock dials):
their difference is 16. Find the smaller 14. Together 𝑥 = 𝑀2 − 𝐻2
number. a. 3:17:43 b. 3:16:22 𝑀2
SOLUTION: c. 3:16:51 d. 3:18:35 𝑥 = 𝑀2 − (15 + )
12
Let: x, bigger number 11
15. At 60O for the second time. 𝑥= 𝑀 − 15
y, smaller number
a. 3:27:17 b. 3:05:27 12 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 40 Since the time difference of leaving and
c. 3:29:24 d. 3:32:52
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 16 arrival is 20 minutes:
Use elimination by subtracting the 16. Be bisected by the second hand 𝑀2 = 𝑀1 + 20
second equation to the first equation: a. 3:00:08.12 b. 3:00:05.46 Equate all equations of x and substitute
2𝑦 = 24 c. 3:00:06.32 d. 3:00:07.57 the equation of M2 in terms of M1:
∴ 𝑪. 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 11 11
Solution: Situation I 15 − 𝑀 = 𝑀 − 15
12 1 12 2
PROBLEM 12: Number 14: 11 11
2 15 − 𝑀1 = (𝑀 + 20) − 15
The tens digit of a certain two-digit ( 3(30) + 0 ) = 16°22′ 12 12 1
number exceeds the unit digit by 3. 11 11 11 220
Therefore, 3:16:22 (answer) 15 − 𝑀1 = 𝑀 + − 15
The sum of the digits multiplied by 11 12 12 1 12
is 3 more than the number. Find the 11 11 220
𝑀 + 𝑀 = 15 + 15 −
units digit. Number 15: 12 1 12 1 12
SOLUTION: 2 22 220
( 3(30) + 60 ) = 27°17′ 𝑀 = 30 −
̅̅̅̅, original number
Let: 𝑋𝑌 11 12 1 12
𝑥 =𝑦+3 Therefore, 3:27:17 (answer) 𝑀1 = 6.3636
11(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3 + (10𝑥 + 𝑦) ∴ 𝑫. 𝟑: 𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 (𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
11𝑥 + 11𝑦 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 Number 16: SITUATION I
𝑥 = 3 − 10𝑦 M + 2D = 15 + H In how many minutes after 2 o’clock
M
Equate the resulting equation to the M + 2D = 15 + will the hands of the clock.
12
first equation: 11M 18. be together
𝑦 + 3 = 3 − 10𝑦 + 2D = 15 a. 11.35 b. 11.00
12
9𝑦 = 0 S=M+D c. 10.00 d. 10.91
∴ 𝑫. 𝒚 = 𝟎 60M = M + D 19. be in 30°
D = 59M a. 25.15 b. 18. 42
PROBLEM 13: 11M c. 16.36 d. 12.25
+ 2(59M) = 15 20. be opposite each other
The difference in the squares of a 12
two-digit number is 27. If the digits are M = 0.126 = 7.34 secs a. 43.64 b. 45.12
reversed in order and the resulting 3:00:07.57 (answer) c. 41.35 d. 42.24
number subtracted from the original Solution: Situation I
number is also 27. What is the PROBLEM 17: Number 18:
product of the digits of the number? A man left their office at past 3 o’clock 2
̅̅̅̅, original number for snacks. After 20 minutes on his ( 2(30) + 0 ) = 10.91
Let: 𝑋𝑌 11
̅̅̅̅, reversed number
𝑌𝑋 return, he noticed that the minute Therefore, 10.91 mins (answer)
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 27 hand is ahead of the hour hand
(10𝑥 + 𝑦) − (10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 27 exactly by as much as it was behind Number 19:
9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 27 when he left. What time did he leave? 2
SOLUTION:
( 2(30) + 30 ) = 16.36
𝑥−𝑦 =3 11
Factoring the first equation: Consider the following illustration: Therefore, 16.36 (answer)
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 27
Substituting the previous equation to Number 20:
the factored first equation: 2
( 2(30) + 180 ) = 43.64
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(3) = 27 11
𝑥+𝑦 =9 Therefore, 43.64 (answer)
By adding the equations of the sums SITUATION V:
and difference of x and y: Given the quadratic equation x2 – 4x
2𝑥 = 12 + C = 0.
𝑥=6 21. Determine the value of C if the
𝑥+𝑦 =9
product of the roots is -5.
6+𝑦 = 9
𝑦=3 a. -5 b. 4
∴ 𝑩. 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖 c. -3 d. 2
22. Determine the value of C if one
Consider the time when he left root exceeds the other by 3.
(Equations in terms of clock dials): a. 1/2 b. 7/2
𝑥 = 𝐻1 − 𝑀1 c. 7/12 d. 7/4
𝑀1
𝑥 = (15 + ) − 𝑀1
12
11
𝑥 = 15 − 𝑀
SITUATION I 12 1
 UNIT TEST 2
ALGEBRA
SOLUTION
SUBJECT CODE: UT2

Solution: Situation V PROBLEM 25:

Number 21: What weight of water must be added
C to 50 lb of a 45% brine solution to
(a ∙ b) = yield a 20% solution?
A
C a. 34.1 lbs b. 60.2 lbs
−5 = c. 48.2 lbs d. 62.5 lbs
1
C=-5 (answer)
Solution:
Number 22: Number 25:
−B (0)(x) + (45)(50 lbs) = (20)(X+50)
(a + b) = X = 62.5 lbs
A
Let b = a + 3
−(−4)
(a + a + 3) =
1
1
a =
2
7
b =
2
C
(a ∙ b) =
A
1 7 C
( ∙ ) =
2 2 1
7
C = 4 (answer)

PROBLEM 23:
In a two-digit number, the unit’s digit
is 3 greater than the ten’s digit. Find
the number if it is 4 times as large as
the sum of its digits.
a. 47 b. 36
c. 58 d. 25

Solution:
Number 23:
XY – Two digit number
y = 3 + x … eq.1
x(10) + y(1) = 4(x + y)… eq.2
4x + 4y = 10x + y
10x – 4x + y – 4y = 0
6x – 3y = 0
6x – 3(3 + x) = 0
6x – 9 – 3x = 0
3x = 9
X=3
Y=6
Therefore, 36 (answer)

PROBLEM 24:
Mr. Brown can wash his car in 15
minutes, while his son John takes
twice as long to do the job. If they
work together, how many seconds
can they do the washing?
a. 420 b. 540
c. 600 d. 720

Solution:
Number 24:
1
Mr. Brown’s rate =
15 mins
1
John’s rate = 30 mins
1 1
( ) (x) + ( ) (x) = 1
15 30
x = 10mins = 600seconds (answer)