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LESSON – 4 MOTIONS OF
THE EARTH
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
→CONCEPTS OF AXIS
→ROTATION
→EFFECTS OF ROTATION
→REVOLUTION
→EFFECTS OF REVOLUTION

TEXTUAL EXERCISES (PG NO.33)

[A] Answer the following:-
Q1 What are the effects of rotation?
ANS: The effects of rotation are:
1) It causes day and night
2) Tides are caused twice a day
Q2 What are the effects of Revolution?
ANS: The effects of revolution are:
1) It causes variation in the length of day and night.
2) It causes seasons.

Q3 Why are days and nights equal on 21st March and

23rd September?
ANS: The rays of Sun falls directly on equator on 21st
March and 23rd September so days and nights are
equal throughout the earth on these days.

Q4 State the difference between summer solstice and

winter solstice.
ANS:
SUMMER SOLSTICE:- WINTER SOLSTICE:-
1.The day that the earth’s 1.The day that the earth’s
North Pole is tilted North Pole is tilted
closest to the sun is called farthest from the sun is
the summer solstice. called winter solstice.
2.It is the longest day of 2.It is the shortest day of
the year. the year.

[B] FILL IN THE BLANKS:-

1) Change of seasons
2) Summer
3)longer
4) Winter
5) Shorter
6) 21st June
7) 22nd December
8) 20/21 March
9) 22/23 September

[C] EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS:-

A)Rotation- The movement of the Earth on its Axis is
called rotation.

B) Revolution- The movement of the earth around the

sun is called revolution.

C) Axis- An imaginary line passing through both North

and South poles on which the earth rotates is called
an axis.

D) Orbit- It is a curved path through which objects in

space move around a planet or a star.

E) Equinox- It is the time during which days and nights

are of equal duration.

F) Solstice- The summer solstice is the day of the year

with most hours of sunlight. The winter solstice is the
day of the year with less hours of sunlight.
G) Leap year- A leap year is a calendar year
containing one additional day added to the month of
February. A leap year has 366 days.

[D] Tick the right option: TEXTBOOK [PG NO. 33]

1) C
2) C
3) B
4) C
5) C
6) A

[E] omit

EXTRA NOTES:-
1. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to say that
earth moved around the sun.

2. The earth spins on its axis from west to east.

3. The Latin word solstice means standing still.

4. Equinox means that days and nights are equal

duration.

5. Revolution causes variation in the distribution of

heat over the earth.
6. The earth takes 365¼ days to complete one
revolution around the sun.

7. Summer and winter solstices occur when the sun

is at its greatest distance from the equator.

8. If the Earth’s axis of rotation was perpendicular

to the plane of the ecliptic there would be only
two seasons on earth.

9.Places between North Pole and Arctic Circle

experience continuously daylight with no night.

10.The region from South Pole to Antarctic Circle

has continuous night with no daylight.