L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 16/07/2016

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: EEE 209 (Engineering Electromagnetics)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) State and explain Gauss's law. Verify Gauss's law for a point charge. (8)
(b) A positive point charge Q is located at the center of a spherical conducting shell of an
inner radius Rj and an outer radius Ro. Determine E and V as functions of the radial

distance R. Also, plot the variations of lEI and V with R. (12)

(c) The potential field V = 2x yz -

2
iz exists in a dielectric medium having £ = 2£0' (i) .
Does V satisfy Laplace's equation? (ii) Calculate the total charge within the unit cube
0< x < 1m, 0 < y < 1m, 0 < z < 1m. (15)

2. (a) What is meant by Dielectric Strength of a material? Find the breakdown voltage of a
parallel-plate capacitor, assuming that the conducting plates are 50 mmapart and the
medium between them is plexiglass, which has a dielectric constant 3.0 and a dielectric
strength 20 kV/mm. (8)
(b) What is electric dipole? Derive the general expressions of V and E in tenns of dipole
moment of an electric dipole. Also, plot the two-dimensional sketch of the equipotential
and electric field lines of an electric dipole. (12)
(c) A point charge of 10 nc is located at point P(O, 0, 3), while the conducting plane z = 0
is grounded. Calculate (i) V and E at R(6, 3, 5), (ii) the force on the charge due to
induced charge on the plane. (15)

3. (a) Explain Biot-Savart's law. From the mathematical expression of Biot-Savart's law for
a line current, obtain that the vector magnetic potential is given by (12)

A= f ~tI dl'
L 4nR

where Idl' is the current element. Also, show that the magnetic flux is given by

'J1=1A.dl
L

(b) An electron with velocity ~ = (3 ax + 12 ay - 4 az)x 105 m/s experiences no net force

at a point in a magnetic field 13 = (Io ax + 20 ay + 30 az) mWb/m

2
. Find E at that point. (8)

Contd P12
 =2=

EEE 209
Contd ... Q. NO.3

(c) Consider the two wire transmission line whose cross-section is illustrated in Fig. 3(c).
Each wire is of radius 2 cm, and the wires are separated by 10 cm. The wire centered at
(0, 0) carries a current of 5A while the other centered at (10 cm, 0) carries the return

current. Find H at (i) (5 cm, 0) and (ii) (10 cm, 5 cm). (15)

I I

i
_\

-x,.-'

4. (a) For a rectangular planar loop current in a uniform magnetic field, show that the net

force exerted on the loop is zero. Also, prove that (12)

T=mxB,

where T is the torque, m is the dipole moment and B is the uniform magnetic field.

(b) The plane z = a separates air (z ~ 0, J.l = J.lo) from iron (z :::;0, J.l = 200 J.lo). Given that (8)

H = 10 x + 15 a ay - a
3 z AIm

in air, find B in iron and the angle it makes with the interface.
(c) A three phase transmission line consists of three conductors that are supported at
points A, B, and C to form an equilateral triangle as shown in Fig. 4(c). At one instant,
conductors A and B both carry a current of 75 A while conductor C carries a return

current of 150 A. Find the force per meter on conductor C at that instant. (15)
~.---.----
~-- ~- -'------ .. _~--_.---~~---..---....-------------,-:
-.~----~

I
!

___ Ii

15'0 A-, ---;

,-~-m---.--
I
. -'}(.-I
}

-Go i
i

1
-i Contd P/3
,
i
I

--F-'d'
_'_. ~. __
,.
.4 (:) ,
._~_.
)
l
 =3=

EEE 209
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Put a box around your answer.

8
5. An uniform plane wave Ei of angular frequency 0) = 2n x 10 (rad/s) is incident from air (cr.

= 1, I..lr = 1) on a very long perfectly conducting wall. The incident electric field is given by(5+5+ 20+5)

where PI and al are unknown scalar constants. az is normal to the air-conductor interface.

(i) What is the polarization of the incident wave?

(ii)What are the values of P I and al?

(iii) Write the expressions of the incident magnetic field (Hi), reflected electric field

(Er) and reflected magnetic field (Hr ).

(iv) Find the current induced on the wall surface and the time-average Poynting vector in air.

6. (a) What is Poynting vector? Derive and explain the Poynting's theorem. (15)
(b) Show that the time-average Poynting vector of an uniform plane wave, whose electric

and magnetic fields are 900 out of phase, is zero. (10)

(c) If the instantaneous expression for the magnetic field intensity of a uniform plane

wave propagating in the +y direction in air is given by (10)

H=az 4xlO-6 cos(107nt-koY+ :) Aim,

Write the instantaneous expression for E.

7. (a) Using the Lorentz condition (or Lorentz gauge) for potentials, derive the

nonhomogeneous wave equations for scalar potential V and vector potential A from time

varying Maxwell's equations. (20)

(b) What is retarded scalar and vector potential? (5)
(c) A sinusoidal electric intensity of amplitude 250 (Vim) and frequency 1 (GHz) exists
in a lossy dielectric medium that has a relative permittivity of 2.5 and a loss tangent of

0.001. Find the average power dissipated in the medium per cubic meter. (10)

8. (a) A right handed circularly polalized uniform plane wave is normally incident from air
on a plane conducting wall. What is the polarization of the reflected wave? The

conducting wall has infinite conductivity. (15)

Contd P/4
 =4=

EEE 209
Contd ... Q. NO.8

(b) A conducting sliding bar oscillates over two parallel conducting rails in a sinusoidally

varying magnetic field (15)

13 = clz 5 cos cot (mT)

as shown in Fig. for Q. 8(b). The position of the sliding bar is given by x = 0.35 (1 - cos cot)

(m), and the rails are terminated in a resistance R = 0.2 (.0). Find i.

(c) State and explain the equation of continuity. (5)

L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 20/07/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: EEE 205 (Energy Conversion II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
At the symbols and notations have their usual meanings.

1. (a) Briefly describe the problems with commutation in DC machines. (15)

(b) A-12 pole DC generator has a simplex wave wound armature containing 144 coils of
10 turns each. The resistance of each tum is 0.011 n. Its flux per pole is 0.05 Wh, and it
is turning at 200 rpm. (12)
(i) How many current paths are there in this machine?
(ii) What is the induced armature voltage?
(iii) If a 1 kn resistor is cOlmected to the terminals of this generator, what is the resulting
induced counter torque on the shaft of the machine?
(c) What are the different types of losses that occur in dc motor? Show them in a power
flow diagram. (8)

2. (a) A 15 hp, 120-V, 1800 rpm shunt dc motor has a full load armature current of 60 A
when operating at rated condition. The armature resistance of the motor, RA is 0.15 .0,
and the field resistance, RF is 80 n. The adjustable resistance in the field circuit Radj can
be varied from 0 to 200 .0 and now it is set to 90 n. Armature reaction can be ignored in
this machine. The magnetization curve for this motor, taken at a speed of 1800 rpm, is
given in tabular form below: (25)
EA(V) 5 153 180 215 221 242

IF (A) 0.00 0.82 1 1.28 1.35 2.88

(i) What is the motor speed at rated conditions specified above?

(ii) What is the output torque if output power is 7.5 hp at rated condition?
(iii) What are copper loss and rotational losses (ignore stray loss)?
(iv) What is the efficiency of the motor at full load?
(v) If the motor is unloaded with no change in tenninal voltage or Radj, then what is the
no load speed of the motor?
(vi) What range of no-load speed is possible of this motor, given the range of field
adjustments available with Radj'
(b) What are the limiting speeds of armature voltage and field control methods of a DC
shunt motor? Draw and explain briefly torque vs. speed and power vs. speed curves. (10)

Contd P/2
 =2=

EEE 205

3. (a) Briefly describe the problem of voltage build-up in a shunt DC generator and also
explain how these problems can be solved. (15)
(b) Draw the output characteristics of different types of DC generator. From that
characteristics indicate which type of dc generator has the highest voltage regulations. (10)
(c) The magnetization curve of a separately excited dc generator is given in Fig. for Q.
3(c). The generator is rated at 6 kW, 120 V, 50 A and 1800 rpm. Its rated field current is
5 A. Following data are known for the machine- (10)
RA = 0.18 .0, VF = 120 V, Radj = 0 to 30.0, RF = 24 .0, NF = 1000 tum per pole
(i) If the generator is operating at no load, what is the range of voltage adjustments that
can be achieved by changing Radj?
(ii) If the field rheostat is varied from 0 to 30 .0, and the generator's speed is varied from
1500 to 2000 rpm, what are the maximum and minimum no load voltages in the
generator?

4. (a) An automatic starter circuit is to be designed for a shunt dc motor rated at 15 hp, 240
V and 60 A. The armature resistance of the motor is 0.15 n. The shunt field resistance is
40 n. The motor is to start with no more than 250 percent of its rated armature current,
and as soon as the current falls to rated value, a starting resistor stage is to be cut out. (20)
(i) Determine how many stages of starting resistance is required?
(ii) Determine the value of each starting resistor segment.
2
(b) A solar cell under an illumination of 600 Wm- has a short circuit current Ise of

16.1 rnA and an open circuit voltage Voe of 0.485 V. What are short circuit current and

open circuit voltage when light intensity is halved? (15)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The questions are of equal value.

5. (a) Describe the constructional details of stator and rotor of a synchronous generator.
Compare the salient and non-salient pole synchronous generators.
(b) A 2300 V, 100 kVA, 0.8 power factor lagging, 50 Hz, 2-pole, Y-connected
synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.1 n and armature resistance of
0.15 n. Its friction and windage losses are 24 kW and its core losses are 18 kW. The field
circuit has a dc voltage of 200 V. The open circuit characteristic of this generator is given
below:
Field current, (J\) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Open circuit 0 650 1300 1800 2200 2500 2690 2750 2850 2870 2900
terminal voltage,
(V)

Contd P/3
•

=3=

EEE 205
Contd ... Q. No. 5(b)

The field current of the generator is adjusted to achieve rated voltage of 2300 V at full-
load condition. Find (i) the efficiency of the generator at rated load, (ii) the voltage
regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated kV A with 0.8 power factor lagging load,
(iii) the voltage regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated kV A with 0.8 power
factor leading load.

6. (a) Explain how the synchronous generator model parameters are found from tests.
Explain why the short circuit characteristic of a synchronous generator is a straight line.
Using phasor diagrams explain the effects of load changes having different power factors
on a synchronous generator operating alone.
(b) Explain the procedure of paralleling a synchronous generator to the bus-bars by using
lamps. What is a phase-sequence indicator? How synchroscope can be used for
paralleling of synchronous generators? Explain the frequency-power and voltage-reactive
power characteristics of a generator set.

7. (a) Draw and explain the power flow diagram of a synchronous motor. Explain in detail
anyone of the starting methods of synchronous motor.
(b) A 480 V, 50 Hz, 400 hp, 0.8 power factor leading six pole, ~-connected synchronous

motor has a synchronous reactance of 1.0 n and negligible annature resistance. Ignore its
friction-windage and core losses. If this motor is initially supplying 400 hp at 0.8 power

factor lagging, what are the magnitudes and angles of internally generated voltage EA and

the arn1ature current IA? How much torque is this motor producing? What is the load

angle 8? If lEAlis increased by 15%, what is the new magnitude of the armature current?

8. (a) Describe the V-curves, compounding curves and inverted V-curves of synchronous
motor. Explain the terms under, over and nonnal excitations of synchronous motor.
(b) Explain why damper windings are required in synchronous motor and generator.
What is hunting of synchronous machines? What is a synchronous condenser? Draw its
phasor diagram and explain how it operates.

Contd P/4

'(\
. ..

160

ISO

140
.",- .--
~
130

120
/'
110
/'
>
t 100
/
~
i 90
/ I

; 80
V
~
i 70
/
)60 / I

I-
so /
40
/
30
I
20
/
10
/
o7 4 6 7
o 2 3 5
Shunt field current. A

I-.....-...lI I I I I !
o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6<XX) 7000
Aeld mmf, A. turns
~
Fig. 3 (c)

M~'(H! .. Ji2..tJJ,.:,OYl (u..nve 'IS ~ve:'() a.+ 6.. ,?pe.e.J.:: \~OO 'Y
m1h :

~: "
' .
"

L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 26/07/2016

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: EEE 207 (Electronics II)

Full Marks : 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Make necessary assumptions.

1. (a) Detennine the expressions of output voltages for a non-inverting amplifier and a
logarithmic amplifier. (12)
(b) Design a three-stage cascade amplifier with gains +10, -18 and -27. Use a 270 kD.
feedback resistor for all stages and 741 op-amps. What output voltage will result for an
input of 150 ~V? (12)
(c) Determine the value ofVofor the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. l(c) . (11)

. 300 KSL

o i

: ;'.\
1. .~ .
I ....

:~\
I '
, k
; '.\
J -0'
I .-

2. (a) Briefly explain common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and slew-rate (SR) in
connection with op-amp. For the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 2(a), determine whether the
output voltage will be distorted or not. Given that the slew-rate of op-amp is 0.5 V/~S. (15)

+-
. V.> = 30~V
S5~./O}f9:
6
..
r-
...
l-~
V.6

__ ~~.__ __: ...~....._~ __ ,_~_.~_#(_t70

_ __?f__8 ~ _

Contd P/2
 =2=
EEE 207
Contd ... Q. No.2

(b) Determine the wave-shape ofVo for the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 2(b). Assume that
V s is a 10 V (peak-to-peak) bipolar triangular wave. (8)

(c) Write down the characteristics of an op-amp those add error components to the DC
output voltage. Explain the method of bias current compensation in non-inverting and
inverting amplifiers. (12)

3. (a) Draw the ideal and practical frequency response curves for active filters indicating
cut-off frequency, pass-band and stop-band. (7)
(b) Derive the expression of cut-off frequency for a --40 dB/decade low-pass Butterworth
filter. (18)
(c) Design a --40 dB/decade low-pass Butterworth filter for a cut-off frequency
10 Krad/sec. Assume C] = 0.02 /-IF. Also, draw the frequency response curve (including

Bode plot) of the designed filter. (10)

4. (a) Establish and state the Barkhausen criteria for sinusoidal oscillators. (8)
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a colpitts oscillator and explain how Barkhausen criteria
are satisfied in this circuit. Also, derive the expression of oscillation frequency for this
oscillator. (17)
(c) Design the Wein bridge oscillator to produce a 100 KHz output frequency with an
amplitude of:t 9 V. Design the amplifier to have a closed-loop gain of3. (10)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Calculate the voltage gain, Avf, input resistance Rjf and output resistance, R'of for the
circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 5(a). Given that hie = 1 kD., hfe = 1.00, while hre and hoe are
negligible. (17)
Contd P/3
•

=3=
EEE 207
Contd ... Q. No. 5(a)
.-. ~---------_ _---
..

(b) With necessary diagrams, derive the expressions of input resistance (Rif) and output
resistance (Rof) of a voltage series feedback amplifier. (18)

6. (a) For a complementary-symmetry class-B power amplifier determine the expressions of

(i) conversion efficiency and (ii) minimum power rating of each transistor. (15)
(b) Design a transformer-coupled class-A power amplifier to drive a load resistance of
8 n if supply voltage, Vee = 12 V, transistor P = 100, current gain Ai = 80 and the
transformer has a turns ratio of 8 : 1. Assume V BE = 0.7 V. (20)
Also calculate input resistance Rin, power supplied to the load and the power required
from the supply (consider maximum undistorted voltage output swing).

7. (a) Using schematic diagram of a single loop feedback amplifier, show that the transfer
gain of the amplifier with feedback can be given as, (10)
A _ A
f -1 + pA

where, symbols have their usual meaning.

(b) Assume that the low frequency response of an amplifier is given by, (10)
F (s) _ (s + roz1 )(s + roz2 ) (s + roznL )
L - (s + roP\)(s + roP2 ) (s + roPnL)
where, symbols have their usual meaning. Derive the approximate equation for the lower
cut-off frequency, roL.
Also, show that this equation is valid even if the 'dominant pole' exists.
(c) Sketch Bode plot for the magnitude of the following transfer function, (15)
. 100 s l + t X 4) .
T(s) = (1 + Xo)(1 + X03)-~ + Xos)
From the plot, estimate the approximate magnitude at ro = 106 rad/s. What is the exact
magnitude at ro = 106 rad/s?
(Use graph paper if necessary)
Contd P/4
 =4=

EEE 207

8. (a) Find the values for the coupling capacitors 'CCI I and 'CC2' and the bypass capacitor

'cs' for the amplifier given in Fig. for Q. 8(a), so that the low frequency response will be

dominated by a pole at 100 Hz. Consider the nearest pole or zero will be at least two

octave away. (18)

Given that Voo = 20 V, R = 100 kO, RGI = 1.4 MO, RG2 = 0.6 MO, Rs = 3.5 kO,

Ro = 5 kO, ro = 2 MO, RL = 10 kO and gm = 4 mAN .

..:t \i-
t

(b) Briefly explain Miller's theorem. (7)

(c) Showing Q-point on load line, classify BJT power amplifier. Also mention how long

the collector current remains nonzero for each class. (10)

 L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 31/07/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: ME 267 (Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Prove that compressors always consume more power than pumps to increase same
amount of fluid pressure. (8)
(b) Compare between impulse and reaction turbines. Why is draught tube installed at the
exit of a Francis Turbine? (8)
(c) With neat sketches briefly describe the main advantages of Turbo-prop engines over
Turbo-Jet engines. (7)
(d) A pump lifts diesel (s.g. = 0.85) from a well that is 40 m below the ground level. The
well pressure is about 3 atm and the frictional loss of the suction pipe is 2 cm of water per
unit length of pipe. The suction pipe is vertically straight and the vapor pressure of diesel
at operating temperature is 0.03 atm. Find the NPSH and the depth from ground level at
which the pump is to be installed. (12)

2. (a) Draw the T-s and P-h diagrams of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle with
throttle valve (expansion device) and briefly discuss its working principle. (10)
(b) What are the advantages of cascade refrigeration system? Describe with the help of a
P-h diagram. (7)
(c) Draw the block diagram of vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. Why is this type of
refrigeration not used for domestic purposes? (8)
(d) A vapor compression refrigeration cycle operates with condenser and evaporator
pressure of 1.5 MPa and 0.3 MPa respectively. The working fluid is HFC (Ra-134a)
which flows at a rate of 0.05 kg/so Find the COP and Tonnage of the refrigeration cycle. (10)

3. (a) What are the factors that affect Human Comfort? Briefly describe them. (10)
(b) Sketch the basic components of a Fan Coil Unit (FCU) and describe its working
principle. (10)
(c) What is thermal resistance? Write down the expressions for thermal resistance for
conduction in case of plane wall, hollow cylinder and hollow sphere. Draw the equivalent
thennal circuit for"the composite wall as shown in the figure for question No. 3(c). Also
write down the expression for equivalent thermal resistance for the composite wall
shown. (15)

Contd P/2

I)
 =2=

ME 267/EEE
Contd ... Q. No. 3(c)

t-La-t-Lb = Lc-t-Ld-f

ka
kb @ kd
T1 T2
@ kc (9 @

Fj?~ C?n:posi!~.F.all [for question No: 3(c»)

4. (a) What is critical insulation thickness? With mathematical derivation discuss the
significance of critical insulation radius of a hollow cylinder. (17)
(b) The temperature distribution across the wall (1 m thick) at a certain instant of time is
gIVen as (18)
2
T(x) = a + bx + cx
2
where T is in °C and x is in meters, while a = 900°C, b = -300°C/m and c = -50°C/m .

3 2
A uniform heat generation, q = 1000 W/m , is present in the wall of area 10 m having
3
the properties p= 1600 kg/m , k = 40 W/m.K and cp = 4 kJ/kg.K. Determine:
(i) The rate of heat transfer entering the wall (x = 0) and leaving the wall (x = 1 m).
(ii) The rate of change in energy storage in the wall.
(iii) The time rate of temperature change at x = 0,0.25 and 0.5 m.

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Write short notes on- (6)

(i) LHV.
(ii) Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio.
(b) Mention the different sources of renewable energy and describe with schematic
diagram the working principle of a hydro-electric power plant. . (15)
(c) Describe in brief the operation of a 4-stroke SI engine with neat sketches. (14)

6. (a) Write down the differences between Petrol and Diesel engines. (7)
(b) What is "air-standard cycle"? Deduce the expression of thermal efficiency of an air-
standard Diesel cycle in terms of compression ratio and cut-off ratio. (15)
(c) Discuss the effect of compression ratio on 51 and CI engine performance. (6)
(d) Draw the P-v and T-s diagrams of Otto cycle. Describe how the net work output and
the net heat addition can be calculated from these diagrams. (7)
Contd P/3
 =3=

ME 267/EEE

7. (a) What do you understand by the "irreversibilities" in a gas turbine system? How does it

affect the work output ofthe system? (6)

(b) With T..s diagrams describe the effect of multistage expansion and compression in

Brayton power cycle. (8)

(c) In an air-standard Brayton cycle, the air enters the compressor at 0.1 MPa and 20°C.
The pressure leaving the compressor is 1.5 MPa and the maximum temperature in the

cycle is l300°e. Determine: (15)

(i) The pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle.
(ii) The compressor work, turbine work, back-work ratio, net work developed and
thermal efficiency of the cycle.

(d) What is Combined Cycle Power Plant? Describe with schematic diagram. (6)

8. (a) Write down the functions of - (10)

(i) Economiser,
(ii) Superheater,
(iii) Safety valve,
(iv) Fusible plug,
(v) Feed check valve.

(b) Give brief description of the following boilers with neat sketches - (18)
(i) Lancashire.
(ii) Locomotive.
(iii) Babcock and Wilcox.
(c) What are the impracticalities of Camots vapor power cycle? How can the efficiency

of a Rankine cycle be increased? (7)

 .~-lL _
\,
,

100 150 200 2SO 300 350 400 450 SOO 550 600 \
20.
V.I 11# ?' ,{ 1/''#.. /r!I )1\ !/\V"i\Y.~'J\l
HFC-134a ; JF4(~/~1 .111'
V1
L~f' I __'b~" 'j,~~ ""i.~;J
If! . ~
1/ .1 200.

-, .~::~ ~ f1~..;..:l-f.;'~
(t.','.2,'e:ronOO:OO1!lo",O) I .... I.,<;:,f$)
";::~~",":,":;t;;:;,r:;) ',:/ ,I,' I:,." r~,.'.I.,, ,!.
~.v.~((\' ,

10. 100,
'1 .t:>I ::1- •../."..."..• ::t".... ,.."" .' ...[....•....... -. J:.__
•••. tumlcdt'lUidnl. 0 cC . . ." ,.. ~ ~. ]:> ~.t~ ....
[\,I..", ~ ...
.•.••• :J''!!I".:-''.:
~. -_.\t•.• "l;r~'i
~ l. "-l"~~.T""~~ --r .-.......,,.~<
.",_.,,,,,,~, •.••l:.-lll_,,~•. ~In ",1..- ...,,-1_
"-T. ••., _1..1......•.". 60 ' \
8, 1J«.l'~~~san,1'~ltO.. • "',
.--' -I-'.'t.....J'I•...J.f-'"1.. tI1.."It- ..fl'-1.J-...~'-~f-~."~..
c.n
.' , 1IF"
"f' II ... U";'~T7'K :~
J ;~' -
~\1V',

~_.Ii_iljlA ~j-11"...1..} -I..lftf1 - 1:'-\,_U~~"f~..1-t

'Iii 'J 1.,1.,....,.-1 i• "~
t •.s:."" S"'-1g"""1g'-.~.,"~ "',-J..;Jt' --t;, -I- ,;
.• ~"~_ •.. i

.._~_t-.,+Jrl t-
1" ,., ••. ~: •••••••• ,

I. " , ,: , ,,,":1. : '..,,_.-

': t, ".._._~._ 100•.... -" ..-.t 60 •
6. I

!W~ I h "II
I I •

..11-.~.'tI ..•.. ~
1
~. ~ .•. I' ., ,, "2! " I , ': •• I .••••

I-:-;;f:"f-r-. '. ,:".,f.:. _ ..•.•.. - ..,.-t ..;._I,.. 0<.:1•..

I '-

r.s::~~-j-.T"-T~''''-!'''''' .
I . I I ~ l .-Ny
0. ,.i...• ;7 ...•.•- -
I -Ii . ~/; II I Ii II I'f.- I <r c)p.:.i ,~ ..!' - -, ~ t.; -.. ' -.--:' -~~ 150. 40
4.
;I-J.L'
ii r' ,I: 1i 1'~
., I~ H-t'; ,f I;)' Ii Jl I .[ " Ii k r,'/:':..rv.n li
) ~/\!". "i' . . ;". -~' ; -::-~"
-!...!J>.<., I ' i- •.
• I
--1 /
I I ! \V
.1\_ '00. L; 1 . \
ill I " II ,90 , "
M1"-~' . l~~'."-I"-J\r\~,,:t. I ! I
WI" f."
I I .. ~ ~ ' • 1

-I 11~1~s' ~"Ill!
oi~,;
:~ 1~ I 1 ~
H .; I;• I!I .'II Tr'!
~ :1,.
~i I,,' '1;
~~'.
/0l/I'j1 A1'-fY !.14-f,,--,l~HI!
~."illl Ii. ~I i i-' "-., ' .."J"T -!I-'\ .. e-o' l .•

rr
I." •.

..~..r-j-t- ..!-..-J,....1--,....1-..7 ~Vj7(711AJ. rr-'''/fT7!717'.- -JJ_.

'1;

I ,. I' " 1 I I , 70.' . ," T 1 , J ..• r l' \

2. --r-~~..u.;--.;-- -.,r~i -=-, . ~ .., .. ,........
I !I-II !I ii I I 11 I! I ! ,:11 Ifw IY /or vi A 10'IG~/ V }'/ IY
~'j'i

LJ'k)\:~-l-I.:.i~l~,-:~-y ~\.\~ lAO.! I

;--
.... - .. "-& ,~,'60 •. 20. "

- ~';r"\ !- 130U-
I

l'O
a- 1.
\ !! !! l! I ii ! ! I! ! !. j-I !\
--t ti- ..It. t-_. - ;--.;..T' 'j-' '---j-
r!,
/1 W IV ~l~~ jY! /1: I//! !Y IPf
-'b'/'h-lcJ~L::i"I_/. T-frl"j-'-r-t"-h ..1f-t /f t/lrr:-1\--"iV..F'rl}( t"\.::t\-..:~*.r-\-~;..~
ft_.o-j 1:-.
",\"j -.iVy!.
- t ..
F-\."- V:.. -'1'''-1=: 8'
,'l\tlf1: :_~'
10 I ~
--
:2
---
r.::
0.8 "--r'-':.
J" ~! ~:-
.,' I""
!'"-r-'~ ,I.~-
:I, r-- -~• I -t"
. I
or li-'
.
1",,1-'-74i1----4
I 'iy;;I~,
J"
-jf.••••-'-%-IM'
' , 1;1
. 1-') 'If
,J,
..• -r' ''/It'/rf\t=A
li3ro :-J/11" . -/rr-t~ ...
',.....:--J ... _ ,
.' \.'1 f.ii.1 T;;!
r".."!" .;-I ,f-'
-4" .•.
!
1
I I
1
-
",,.
1\
11".".
." .~. ~.I• ~"1"- "'_-: :-=-= "/-- -". ---;;r-~
..j
I....,...
- -t-.. 6 ' .to- ~._. ~~ ,.~
r-,
W;~ / '.......,
- .,;
£: • r.::
0
--
,Q T,j-" ,I,! I ! T: I ll' .... JH"..E-1 LI. 7._-.,-/ I . ~
III
0.6 = !/'! ;/ .11' I' £ •. Ii 2:0"/ II I//I;t( t/),Il ,t' \5.
"H/iif IAr'i
.,. 'tV. 'I'VI lt1';" "/;:' ," <.,.ii'"
. I.IIi'I' I / .i'.• -~,'1;('"'' • .. . - ,'....;. ..-",._. . . .'.I , ~
iI ., ..'
iii:: ., ,: ,1 I I .. '~.-i 'I1';1 ~-!..",I 10
III ,i '.
....
; "f ,
Iii ,'"." ! 'I'
I I.'. "," I'. I"; .. I' !U
/I @ I ill ,I f i ~. i I I

Ii' / . , I ' /' I '

0,4
r I 1 I I/! I I'
V
lr Ii tV. I: . I . , . ....,"..'
,'1' # - '.
Q j I,. j ;' i I I,' , i •j -I' - 1

-r '1.:.-y' WI- fYi' ....71jVf'l(nl/llll~';if'!ll' If"" "~. l~~r~;,r'.=',]f~i

Ii. I
!, .
~ I

.F: ~t1.;~;:')~ld1::J':.p1~j.-LI
I
;;:l
II ~
~rJ.il 'n' 1"1
til

;;'~'''ki~-gf~/.'~l~A~
I
::l til
til 2. ~
!J .!.\ I' :: iI j.! IAVI. .1/,I V III. l!,lA".! :.IV t I .Yl1-111
I~ II ~l.1 1//IIi 1/11 1// I.'l'! Jj . .t ..--V~
711Ti4 I: : I. if: y'
~ ..~~.'"' olo!~..Lbf.~ -.1.
til 0.2
~
I.! '.i i
-g e - ,- ~- -f ... -.!.-,-i ~.o
! '- -/
0..
a- i

;Iip f IiI ,I/,.!,.

1.1 j,l1'1Y' I. if!. I/i
!ij/. :1 '1,1:'1
1;/1: j I r I V11/,~/L.-r"lg~.g«>/"i,'H-~..At"'I.,-/II-,:J1I'1
! /:'j'l,.
1l' 1 lV'r
I..- h ,I I I
ii!,
\ I 'T... ..- . 1.1 ~.o I 1.
20
1,1 II I 1 0 ~ •.• ,' !" ,'1" I
0.1 -r+j~ ; ~ ,~;I.f':~': ':3'0.' :-:: r: -:t:~'- ~J.~;-..'i
-II ~I ~: .-'i' Y
'~}f I' ~ ~/' ;. j" i .

.. I !i :.~=.t:i~-i':'''''' ;". r t:t:J.1'T~.:rt-tj:::'J':...:..I 1.1.: :;:[FJf..-r (:t.::.J!r';i-j-f j 11" T i '!:::it~:t-:l.:l, -r;.J' } :J:d'- -v "1. ~':i" -2--:<>]:::::::
1" •. ~I ' ... _~ •• ~ ;', ~.~ -;';
0.8
0,08

0.06 i:1
IJ~'i1_r}~i_l'.l~jjr<:>~~Ji_~..J1. 1<:>~_t7l6?:_r~c.!_<:>',:...!J~..,I._,~iZ
t,:T <i':' rTf 1.T.i.I-n 7T 1;/'; : :.1 :I-({ oil 17).' ;'/1 ~s,' }'ft.". 'L_-Y" 1,
ill
i
11/ r I.- 1'-j -LJ1Y
z i 7.j~,.t-!:-1 .7'1 .:;1". i ..1,.. I- 0.6
." .. r.::l,\.5
I ,[f~
_~ ,\,....\...no"",,! [ :l_... 01. 11T '.'.1"'''11'1'- '-Trrn- .T._.." .'-..'~II/!t'i
-."". t 0;"1'''''''' I" '""I:I' "l';'-Ir'T -7.' II .........~..
{; . '...,...... ..ro. - .. ,-d~ i/. Iii .- ..Ii..v. -.+'.~"£. l..I' I'i"'' . -+;51-_. ;-+- 0.4
~l. rl~~g;
I/!I III l/lil --4.
,I.L. ...11':.,,' if \'';'' .,

0.04
PI:t+4' i.! I;~ Ii': II II l;,I .1:1 ,If,'Ii 1' IIi/. j! I IV! 4- J. ,,'Ii.' /'! II iii,:if i, '1'1/i1.iif. I .irti.i': 1I", I'"1";'["
1
1 .'1 'I ill ~II.V .• q...-~:..;- II]4"':':+ ! 11..L.~1r...
~"i :...i--"h' ",o.t-
A.-.-t. 'TI:,~-~'<'rj 6d
I: l :! i I iliA: ~ 1. !; I!:!'!
! i
...1/I-I"~1- r~!", t .. ~~ -=-1rT 'r',{ ~.-
i :g~~; ~ :il l2 B :;1'g ;g' ~ ;
i! ! . ;50 II I ,I .' i! / I l :- ..L .' "'-1 -1'
Xl. ~ JI ~ 1£/$I I~ i& !-'81/~ k.~'7j'~ J~~; et ~l ~ .... i! ~_.:.~i- -'R'i-'~ i ~"\11~ i. '0,60
1
ri'\?,
0.02 I:
,...-fI'I..'o;-" 0 , 0I:,•.. ,. ' 'o~.'_o~/.
1..•.
. ,,~o
I ....!I/II
'0... .•.-,.1'1
..J.-',~
~.~.-'-\-'!J'~/' ..-,\..GO'.Ji'l!.:' ' -'.,,'...._II....'''1'1:.'~:j_••If:.".._'..'] _,_1._....
v V-'. I,-.,I._.~.-' ;t,,'.,-I~,J_,";
2
'I"; /.>~
-~."I.t"".'"r:;'' ' - :.."'.J....-' ' .....1... i,,.,•..•..
l.-r"::I. ""1-,.I[.'" """f~1;'JI "''!.,' I' I."tl'.' -t..."-I....
I" li/j l.t' '~.:..
0,2
"10' -.

r'l r I ': ~I 11
Ii I, ,. ., 1J :{ , , , ,., I

!!:
IY. ". ~' " ••• ,. , !

!.I.,:\ ' '1 'i f . Ii ii U .i -I I I/I/li/ '; ~I/I ~I, .. -;, ..• :' -~1 ..1" ':1- ! .. ,
N-
~
~ 0.01
100
i I; U' .
Ii 'Ii~ it Y I I/! ]'
150
v ;/ v II ii I f I, 1 11 fAt, J, I. I Ij I; I I.,J, i } Uri.M'l Iii
200 250 300 350 400
1 '0
450 SOO 550 600
.1

WJ Enthalpy - Enthalpie (kJ/kg)

.'1. 2:
•
L-2/T -2/EEE Date: 06/08/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: MATH 357 (Probability and Statistics)

Full Marks : 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Symbols used have their usual meaning.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Find median, third quartile, second decile, seventy percentile from the table. Draw a
suitable diagram and locate them. (20)
Age (years) under 25 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74
Number (million) 2.3 4.1 5.3 10.6 9.7 6.8 4.4

(b) The first 4 moments about the value 4 of the variables are -1.5, 17, -30 and 108.
Calculate mean and SD. If mode is 3, find Karl Pearson's coefficient of Skewness and
Kurtosis, Represent them graphically and comment on the nature of distribution. (15)

2. (a) In a senior year of high school graduating class of 100 students, 42 studied .
mathematics, 68 studied psychology, 54 studied history, 22 studied both mathematics and
history, 25 studied both mathematics and psychology, 7 studied history but neither
mathematics nor psychology, 10 studied all three subjects, and 8 did not take any of the
three. If a student is selected at random, find the probability that (20)
(i) a person enrolled in psychology takes all three subjects.
(ii) a person not taking psychology is taking both history and mathematics.
(b) The behavior of series of components playa huge role in scientific and engineering
reliability problems. The reliability of the entire system is certainly no better than the
. weakest components in the series. In a series system, the components operate
independently of each other. In a particular system containing three components the
probability of meeting specification for components 1, 2 and 3, respectively, are 0.95,
0.99, and 0.92. What is the probability that the entire system works? (15)

3. (a) Prove that the variance of a rand0}ll variable X is 0'2 = EcX) - Ii. From a sack of fruit
containing 3 oranges, 2 apples and 3 bananas, a random sample of 4 pieces of fruit is
selected. If X is the number of oranges and Y is the number of apples in the sample, find (5+15)
(i) tne joint probability distribution of X and Y.
(ii) p[ (X, Y) E A], where A is the region that is given by {(x, y)lx + y :::;2}.
(iii) O'xy

Contd PI2
 .•.
".

=2=

MATH 357/EEE
Contd ... Q. NO.3

(b) State Chebyshev's theorem. An electric firm manufactures a 100-watt light bulb,
which, according to specifications written on the package, has a mean life of 900 hours
with a standard deviation of 50 hours. At most, what percentage of the bulbs fail to last
even 700 hours? Assume that the distribution is symmetric about the mean. (15)

4. (a) Find the mean and variance of the Binomial distribution. A commonly used practice "
of airline companies is to sell more tickets than actual seats to a particular flight because
customers who buy tickets do not always show up for the flight. Suppose that the
percentage of no-shows at flight time is 2%. For a particular flight with 197 seats, a total
of 200 tickets was sold. What is the probability that the airline overbooked this flight?
(Appendix A is provided for this problem.) (10+ 10)
(b) Suppose that the time, in hours, taken to repair a heat pump is a random variable X
having a gamma distribution with parameters a = 2, ~ = l'i. What is the probability that

the next service call will require (15)

(i) at most 1 hour to repair the heat pump?
(ii) at least 2 hours to repair the heat pump?

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
5. (a) Define sampling method with its purpose and principles. Select 20 random samples of
5 students each with replacement using the table given below applying random numbers
from Appendix-I. (10)
Diameter (mm) Frequency
7.247-7.249 2
7.250-7.252 6
7.253-7.255 8
7.256-7.258 10
7.259-7.261 32
7.262-7.264 63
7.265-7.267 39
7.268-7.270 20
7.271-7.273 13
7.274-7.276 7
total 200

(b) Compute the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means in part (a). (20)
(c) Compare the results of part (b) with the theoretical values explaining any discrepancies. (5)

Contd P/3
 =3=

MATH 357/EEE

6.. (a) In a certain type of metal test specimen, the normal stress on a specimen is known to
be functionally related to the shear resistance. The following is a set of coded
experimental data on the two variables. (18) .
Normal stress 26.8 25.4 28.9 23.6 27.7 23.9 24.7 28.1
Shear resistance 26.5 27.3 24.2 27.1 23.6 25.9 26.3 22.5

(i) Find two regression equations and regression coefficients.

(ii) Estimate the shear resistance for a normal stress of24.5.
(b) Show that the coefficient of correlation lies between -1 and +1. The following data
represent the chemistry grades for a random sample of 12 freshmen at a certain college
along with their scores on an intelligence test administered while they were still seniors in
high school. (17)
Test Score 65 50 55 65 55 70 65 70 55 70 70
Chemistry Grade 85 74 76 90 . 85 87 94 98 81 91 76

Compute and interpret the sample correlation coefficient.

7. (a) In a study conducted by the DSW office of BUET, 3 diets were assigned for a period.
of 3 days to each of 4 subjects in a randomized complete block design. At the end of the.
3-day period, each subject was put on a treadmill and the time to exhaustion, in second,
was measured and showed in the following table: (15)
Subjects
Diet
A B C D
1 84 35 91 57
2 91 48 71 45
3 122 53 110 71

Perform the analysis of variance using 0.05 level of significance, separating out the diet,
subject, and error sum of squares. Use a P-value to determine if there are significant
differences among the diets. (Necessary table is attached).
(b) In order to evaluate typewriters of different brands, five typists are randomly assigned
to each machine and asked to type copy matter for 10 minutes. At the end of the period,
the words per minute (wpm) are recorded. The data are presented in the table below: (20)
Output from typewriter (wpm)
Typewriter
A B C D E
A Brand 69 62 70 57 62
B Brand 67 72 76 69 71
C Brand 76 70 71 66 77
D Brand 60 64 67 58 66
Contd P/4
 -1.J_
-4-
MA TH 357 IEEE
Contd ... Q. No. 7(b)

. Using a 0.05 level of significance, carry out an analysis of variance to assess whether the
mean wpm on the different brands of typewriters may be assumed to be the same, or are
different. (Necessary tabie is attached).

8. (a) Ten accountants were given intensive coaching and four tests were conducted in a

month. The scores of tests 1 and 4 are given below: (18)

No of Accountants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1st test mar k s 50 42 51 42 60 41 70 55 62 38

nd
2 test marks 62 40 61 52 68 51 64 63 72 50

Does the score from test 1 to test 4 show an improvement? Test at 5% level of
significance.
(b) Engineers at a large automobile manufacturing company are trying to decide whether
to purchase brand A or brand B tires for the company's new models. To help them arrive
at a decision, an experiment is conducted using 12 of each brand. The tires are run until

they wear out. The results are as follows: (17) .

Brand A: xl = 37,900 kilometers,

S1 = 5100 kilometers.

Brand B: x2 = 39,800 kilometers

S2 = 5900 kilometers
Test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the average wear of the two brands of
tires. Assume the populations to be approximately normally distributed with equal
variances. Use a P-value at 5% level of significance.
 -_ ....•.
W'1"!"~."'l"1~;:"
.~

-
-
r
;

I f
. .l';
752

Ta hIe A.3 (continued)

~~
Areas under the Normal
.k.. --
Curve
Appendix A Statistical Tables and Proofs

~: z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5138 O.M7S 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 .0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879

0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0;7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.770'1 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389

1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 O.92:3G 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319

1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9G78 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.97G6
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.D817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.,9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.,9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936

2.5 0.9938 0,9940 0.9941 0.9943 0 ..

9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0 ..
9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.09S,J 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986

3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0,9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 D.99Dfi 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 O,9907 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
 -
- I
I
..... ."
'APpendix-1 .. ',.:.t::~/

I
Random Numbers

51772
24033
45939
74640
23491
60173
42331
83587
52078
. 29044
06568
2.5424
46621
. 21960 .'
11645
31041
\
62898
2i387
55870
.~6707
93582
76105
'66974
12973
04186
10863
37428 .
171{)9
lor;.1{1
974fi3
93507
8B116
.';'l
9fH;~,l
IHZ'Il
4218'1 .
1

75797 . 45406 36081 60884 14070 74flfiO\

30586 02133 96799 85669
03585 79353 8i938 82322 'f ,
.. 66253 11022 1580.1
55189 00745 6'/283' .
20790 65304 88036 24034
03355 95863 41889 25439
64937 98527 . 62586 419H2 4915\.;
64759 51135 68829 06652
156~O 30277 94623 85418 16H,9 14676
56301 57683 . 16835 48653 71590
09448 60710 62290 35683 '<.7280
91157 77331 27279 47152
.21631 87843 28195
29114 06829
!l1097 . 1'1480
~4B19 52934 761GB
76552 50020
42457 73547 72484 9'4923 75936
25496 95652 51817 36732
50532 54195 2[;708 50995 20507
40876 79971 90985 28868 \l94~1
07136 08396 56242 72139' 70185
64728 10744 09908 36574
27989 46253 00477 25134 59009 3.8714 38723 ,
'13949 36601 11785 55261
85184 367G4 .32869 '.
21154 97810
54398
9134l 84821 63886
92843 72828 \

OfJ5fn 07839 58892 99247' 46149 03229

655/14
08263
34:n J
65!J52 85762 64236
16057
39238
81812
187'16
15815
84303
63700 86915 19219 45943
05825
I
l
G790(1 4R236 92486 54083 23631
39817 95203 02479 30'/63 33537
0407'7 79443 95716 02526
62257 16530 03878 07516
62545 21944
53298 90276
I
. Table A. ~ of-Distribution Probability 'Table
.'
~.
.
.
.
..
:.
.

.
.
'.

.
.

.
741
I
~
. .
. ,_ J

o~ ..
Tal>le .A.6 CdUcaLValucs of t.lle F~Jjistributi@
,
;I
.
fO.OS(VI,V2) .
. VI
V21 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
~ ' 161
.. :45 199.50 215.71 224.p8 . 230.16
6.
233.99 236.77 238.88 '240.54.
2 . i8.51' . 19.00 19.16 19.25 . 19.30' 19.35 19.37 19.38
3 1013 19,33 8.89 '8.85 8.81
4 . . 9.55 9.28 9.12 9,01 . 8:94
.7.71. . 6.94 6.596.39 .6.26 6.09 .'. 6:04 6.00
5. 6.61' 5.79 5.41 .5.19 5.:05 . ~:~~ 4.88 4.82.4.77

~'..};~
8'"
~.~:. .:'i6 .5
4.53
4.123.97.
04'.39 4.28
3.87
4.21
3.79'
4.15
3.73
4.10
3.68
9 . 5.32' . 4.46 .4.07 3.84 3.69 3.50 3.44 3.39
10 ~.~~ 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 ~:~~ 3.29 . 3.23 3.18
. . 4:10 3.71. 3.48 333 3.14 3.07 3.02
: ,
.11 . . 4:84'. . 3.98 3.5.9. . 3.22 3.01 . .2.95 . 2.90 .',
iz '. 4 -5 3.36 .3.20 . 3.09' .'
.( 3.89 .3:49 3.2q .... 3.11 2.91 2.85 2.80 .
13 . 4.67 . . 3.81 .3.41 3.18 3:03' 3.00 2.83 2.77 2.71
~:4.603.743.343.11 .. 2.96 ;.~: 2.76 2.70 . 2.65
16 4.543.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2>7~ 2.71 2.64 2.59
2.66 2.59 . 2.54
17.. :.:; ~.~33.24 3.01 2~85'. . 2:74
2.61 2.55. 2.49
18. 4'41 '3' 9 3.20 . 2.96' 2.81 2.70
2.58 2.51 2046
19' '. 4'38 3'~~ ~.16 2.93 . 2.77 .2.66
2.54 2.48 2.42 .
20 4:35'" 3'49 /32.90 2.74 2.63
2.51 2.45. 2.39.
21 4'32 .. . .10 2.87 2.71 2.60
2.49. 2.42 .2.37
224'30 ~':~ '33'00 7 2.84 . .2.68 2.57
, . .... 5 2.82 2.66 25 2.462.40 2.34
23. 4.28 ".3.42 3.032.80 . 5 2.44 .'. 2:37.2.32
24 4.26 . 3.40 3.012.78 ~.~4
2 2:53 2.42 2,36. . '. 2.30
25'4,24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2'6 2.51 2.40 2.34 2.28
'26 423 . . 0 2.49
27" 3.37 2.98 2.742.59 2 2.39 2.32 2.27
28 :.;~ 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2::~ 2.37 2.312.25
. 3.34 2.952.71. 2 56 2.362.29 2.24
29 4.18 3:33 .2.93 .. . 2.45 2.35 2.28 2.22 ..
.30 . . 2.70 2.55 2.43
4:17 . .' 3.32 2.92. 2.69 . 2.;53 . 2.42' 2.33. .2.27 2.21
40 .... . '..4' 08 3.232:~4 .2.61. '2.34 2.25 2.18 . 2.12
60 . ,4,00 . 3.15 2.76 2.53 2,45 2 ..17 . 2.10 2.04
120 . 3 92 3 07 2:37 2.25 2.09 2.02 '1.96 .
00 3'84'.' .. ' 2.682.45 .... 2.2Q,,- 218
. . . ' 300
.. 2'60
. 237
.' '. 2:21 .
2.10 2.01 1.94 '. 1.88
.Reproduced .fr.om Table 18 .of Biometrikii Ta '. . ... I, by perillission ofE.S.
.Pears~n and the Biometrika: Trustees. bles fa7 Statzsttczans, Vol.
: ;

'. . .... . I
1Ii1k
.
+n, ~ . ".
~'Ylll ~ ()
.:
r I
I
It

.' :
. ..
~'. .
 /:
,
(,
-
- "1==
V' 742

. Table' A:6 (~61lblllled) Critieai VlJlue~ of the .F.Dis(;ribl1tiOll

. fo.05 (Vl, 1h)
Vl
Appendix A Statistical Tables and Proofs

V2 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 00.

1 241.88 243.91 245.95 248.01 249.05 250.10 251.14 252.20 253.25 254.31
2 19.40 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.45 19.46 . 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50
3 8.79. 8.74 8.70 . 8.66 8.64 .' 8.(32 8.59 8.57 .8.55 8.53
4 5.96 . . 5.91 5.86 5.80 5.7.7 5.75 5.72 5.69 5.66 5.63
5 4.'74 4.68 4.62 4.56 . 4.53 4.50 4.46 4.43. .4.40 4.36 ...
6 4.06 .4.00 3.94 . 3.87. 3.84 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.70 3.67
7 3.64 3.57 3:51 3.44. 3.41 3.38 3.34 3.30 3.27 3.23
8 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.15. : 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.97 2.93
9 3.14 3.07 3.01 2.94 i90 2.86 -2.83 2.79 2.75 2.71'
10 2,98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.74 . 2.70 2.66 2.62 2:58 2.5.4
11 2.85 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.61 2:57 2.53 2049 2.45 .2.40
12 2.75 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.51 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.34 2.30
13 2.67 2.60 2.53 2.46. 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.30 . 2.25 2.21
14 2.60 2.53 2,46 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.13
15 2.54 2.48 2.40 . 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.20 2.16 .2.11 2.07
16 2.49 . 2.42 2.35 2.28. '. 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 . 2.06 . . 2.01
'. 17 '2.45 2.38 2.31 '.2.23 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.01 1.96
18 2.41 .. 2.34 2:27 2.19 "2.15 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.92
19 . 2.38 2;31 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.07 .' 2..03 1.98 1.93 1.88
20 .2.35 . 2.28 2.20 2.12 2.08 .2.04 1.99 1.95 .1.90 . 1.84
.' 21 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 . • 1.96 1:92 1.81 1.81
22 2.30 . 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 . 1.84 1.78
23 2 ..27 . 2.20 2.13 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76
24 2.25. 2.18 2.11 2.03.' 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 . 1.73 .
25 2.24 .2.16 2.09. 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.82 .1.77 1.71
26 2.22 2.15 2:07 1.99 1.95 1.90 .1.85 1.80 1.75 1.69
27 2.20 2.13 2.06 1.97 . 1.93 . 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.73 1.67.
. 28 2.19 2.12 2.04 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.77 < '.1.71 1.65
29 2:18 2.10 2.03 . 1.94 1.90. 1.85 1.81 1.75 1.70 1.64
30 2.16 2,09 2.01 1.93 1.89 1:84 1.79 1.'74 1.68 . 1.62
40 2.08 2.00 1.92 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.58 1.51
60 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 . 1.70 1.65 1.59 1.53 . 1.47 1.39
.120 1.91 . 1.83 1.75 1.66 1.61 1.55 1.50 1.43 1.35 1.25
'00 '. 1.83 1.75 1.67 : 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.39 1.32 .1.22 1.00

..-
"

~1~6yv~-or
~hhit\fZ~

.. :' ..
"

' ... '. "

...
..•. ~ - .~- ..-
 <~-
","' ,. It..~
..
'"
-'. __ .-
. _.~~-- .- --_._~
. ~..•. - . _ .•.•.. -. ---_._ .•..

~
...f"
,
//
I
.-
- %.=.
:.

v'
.j
Table A.4. Student tcDist7'ibution Probability Table 737

'.
~
Table 'AA Critical Vililies of the t-D'istribuUon' 0
'.
ex
v 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.025
1 0.325 0.727 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706
2 0.289 0.617 1.061 . 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303
3 0.277 0.584 0.978 1.250 1.638 . 2.353 3.182
4 .0.271 0.569 . 0.941 .1.190 1.533 2.132 .2.776 .
5 .0.267 0.559 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.0i5 .2.57i
6 0.265 0:553 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 .2.447
7 0.263 0.549 .. 0.896 1.119 . 1.415 1.895 2.365
8 6.262 0.546 0.889 U08 1.397 1.860 2.306
9 . 0.261 0.543 0.883 1.100. 1.383 1.833 2:262
. 10 0.260 0.542 . 0.879 . LOQ3 1.372 1.812 2.228
iI . 0.260 0.540 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201
12 0.259 0.539 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179
13. 0.259 0.538 0.870 '1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160
14 O.2~8 0.537 .0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 .
15 0.258 0.536 . 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131
16 . '. 0;258 0.535 0.865 . 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120
17 0.257 0.534 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 . 2.110
18 0:257 0.534 . 0.862 '. 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101
19 0.257 0.533 0.861 .1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093
20 . 0.257 0.533 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086
21 0.257 0.532 0.859 1.063 1.323. 1.721 2.080
22 .0.256 0.532 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.71.7 2.074
23 . 0.256 0.532 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069
24 0.256 0.531 0.857 1.059. 1.318 1.711 2.064
25 .0;256 0:531 0.856 i.058 1.316 1.708 .2.060
'26 . 0.256 0.531 . 0.85.6 1.058 . .1.315 1.706 2,056 .
27 0:256 0.531 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052
28 0.256 0.530 .0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2:048, .
29 .0.256 0.530 0.854 '.1.055 1.311 1.699 . 2:045
30 ..• 0.256 0.530 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042
40 0.255 0.529 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021
60 0.254 0.527. 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.671. 2.000
120 .. 0.254 0.526 0.845 1.041 ;- 1.289 1.658 1.980
00 6.253 0.524 ,0.842 1.036 . 1.282 1.645 1.960

-'
.