L-3/T-1/EEE Date: 02/1112019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: EEE 305 (Power System I)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTlON
SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) A generator is supplying power to a synchronous motor through a transmission line as

shown in figure below. A three-phase fault occurs at point P. Draw the equivalent circuit.
Show that the fault current does not directly depend on the load current. Also, show that

the fault impedance is the Thevenin impedance of the system at P. (15)

Generator Motor

Fig. for Q. I (a)

(b) A 625-kVA generator with X"d = 0.20 per unit is connected to a bus through a circuit
breaker, as shown in figure below. Connected through circuit breakers to the same bus
are three synchronous motors rated 250 hp, 2.4 kV, 1.0 power factor, 90% efficiency,
with X"d = 0.20 per unit. The motors are operating at full lead, unity power factor, and

rated voltage, with the load equally divided among the motors. (20)
(i) Draw the impedance diagram with the impedances marked in per unit on a base of 625
kVA,24kV.
(ii) Find the symmetrical short-circuit current in amperes, which must be interrupted by
circuit breakers A and B for three-phase fault at point P. Neglect the pre fault current.
(iii) Repeat part (b) for a three-phase fault at point Q. ,
(iv) Repeat part (b) for a three-phase fault at point R.
\ .'
I
\ ,i
P I
B --J
FiCJ' ¥:rL <1.1(1.,)
2. (a) Consider a symmetrically balanced three-phase transmission line having symmetrical
coupling between phase conductors and between phase and neutral conductors. The three
line currents la, Ib, and Ie are unbalanced and so there is a neutral current In. Apply
kirchhoffs voltage law around the loop circuits and write down the three phase-to-
neutral voltage equations. Show that in this system impedance parameters' of the neutral
conductors entcr into the values of the zcro-sequences impedances of transmission lines,
but they do not affect either the positivc-or negative- sequence impedance. (20)
 =2=

EEE 305
Contd ..... Q. NO.2

(b) In the transmission line in Q.2(a) the tenninal voltages at the two ends of each phase

are given by: (15)

Van = 182 + j70 kV Va'n' = 154 + j28 kV

Vbn = 72.24 -j32.62 kV Vb'n' = 44.24 - j 74.62 kV

Ven = -170.24 + j88.52 kV Ve'n' = -198.24 + j46.62 kV

Determine the sequence impedances, the sequence currents, and the line currents.

3. (a) Derive an expression for the current into a L-L-G fault occurring at bus-k through a

fault impedance Zj. (15)

(b) A generator supplies a motor through a Y -t; transformer. The generator is connected
to the Y side of the transformer. A fault occurs between the motor terminals and the
transfonner. The symmetrical components of the subtransient current in the motor

flowing toward the fault in per unit are. (20)

1~1)=-0.8- j2.6 1~2)=_ j2.0 I~O)=_ j3.0

From the transfonner toward the fault,

1~1)=0.8- jO.4 1~2)=- jl.O I~o)=0

Assume X"d = XI = X2 for both the motor and the generator. Describe the type of fault,
draw the sequence network connection. Find the prefault current, if any, in line a, the
subtransient fault current in per unit, and the subtransient current in each phase of the
generator in per unit.

4. (a) Present a list of bus configurations in a substation. Sketch the main and transfer bus

arrangement. Write the sequence of transferring load from main to reserve bus. (11)
(b) Why rated short-circuit making current of a circuit breaker is higher than rated short-
circuit breaking current? Discuss the problems of current interruption in a circuit breaker.

How these are addressed in air blast circuit breaker? (12)

(c) Draw sketches and briefly discuss detection of faults using magnitude comparison and

differential comparison. Present a simple impedance relay using balanced beam structure. (12)

SECTION -B

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) The single -line diagram of a three phase power system is shown below. 1f is required
to hold the voltage at bus 3 to 115 0° kV. Determine the voltages (in pu and kV) at bus 2

and bus I. Assume base to be 23 kV and 100MVA at bus I. (15)

 =3=

EEE 305
'-
~:, .. ,
,
y. '. ~~\)/.
, ,
<;:.J~ , @ !
., I
" ~
.
".'
, '" "
" '.
',.'-
(})
""
"

\
; ''»3 I
V ~ b I.. \ f.t \...I'L
~ . ;-, \
!>:l.=Q'Y-I. 'b l\ "',.
1\
-j 1..1. n--ip,!l.) \v

-~-,,-
(b) The three-phase ratingso(; thr;e=~~~di;;-g transfonners are: (10)
Primary: V-connected, 66 kV, 15 MVA
Secondary: Y - connected, 13.2 kV, 10 MVA
Tertiary: D,- connected, 2.3 kV, 5 MVA

The leakage reactances are:

Zps= 7% on 15 MVA, 66 kV base
Zpt = 9% on 15 MVA, 66 kV base
Zst = 8% on 10 MVA, 13.2 kV base
Find the pu impedances of the per-phase equivalent circuit for a base of 15 MVA, 66 kV
in the primary circuit.
(c) Show that the real and reactive power at receiving end of a transmission line can be

expressed as follows. (10)

p JVsIIVRlcos(p_o)JAllvl cos(p-a) and

RIEl. lEI
Q JVsIIVRlsin(p_o)JAllvl sin(p-a)
R I~ I~

6. (a) Derive the equivalent 7t-model for a long transmission line. (10)
(b) The A and S constants of a three phase 400 kV line are O. 9024 and j121.8737 n
respectively What is the amount of real power that can be transferred to load at unity

power factor if the receiving end voltage is 90% of the sending-end voltage? (15)
(c) Series capacitive compensation is done in the middle of a 400kV, 350 km long-
transmission line. The value of capacitivc reactance is -j87.7491 n. The A, S, C, D
parameters for uncompensated line with 175 km length are: 0.9753, j62.4804 n
jO.000781 mho and 0.9753 respectively. Determine the new A, S, C, D parameters after

compensation. (10)
 =4=

EEE 305
7. Consider the power system shown in figure below. Each line has a line-charging
capacitive susceptance of jO.04 pu and series admittances as shown. Determine the angle
of V2, and magnitude and angle of V3 using full Newton-Raphson method. Show one

iteration. Base MV A is 100. (35)

-~o--G)---"--=--"'-~-'-----~---
~
•
- "1 So Pl.\
, l\ ~noTl'"
~{'V} •
-~*l.-l'U;
:G_
~
I
" \" •• 'v... .. } ,'>'. •
I
I

'I1=-ILoo •,
\ . I
.
;).ll.r,~-I.\.
-"1~~PI.\.
1" 1.\'= r:-CS1
,
'.~
'-I;')
~
,
,

V. ~, J
I

, .

'--
8. (a) Consider the single-linc diagram shown in figure below. All impedances are
expressed in pu. The elements oflbu, are: III = jO.28641, ll2 = lZI = jO.22718, l13 = l31

= jO.26135, l22 = jO.34565, l23 = l32 = jO.2773 and l33 = jO.38348. (15)
If the line from bus I to 3 is removed due to a line outage, determine the new bus
impedance matrix using lbu, building algorithm. ~~ @)~
,,
,

I ',. ., "",}o. ~
I
-:'l •• '\- I
,
I Q) .\
"10. ~ .. "",}
o.
...... _.-: .. " \
"".,0:':"'
, .' , \
..
1 "'j!"'''' ~o.~ \
" j •.
~ t '".' r:. Jo' ~:\. ., ::' .,I,
,
~, "-'lr5~fo-:%
...;. Tic '.
J
.. ""'l:;7,\"",-_:,
"
" J
I

'---
(b) What is decoupled load flow? How is Jacobian matrix of full Newton-Raphson

method modified in case of decoupled load flow analysis? (10)

(c) For the power system given below, line impcdance are expressed in pu. Determine the

B' and B" matrices for the Fast Decoupled load flow analysis. (10)
',' (;):'.:",:.'.\ ... ' ~D.b':> ~_ .._- --@~._--~-
.'-":)
,.... '... .-_J.G;
~~.
' ...
-
':J',o,tr, :"I •• ot,:>
~

~~<~ ..
iLo' ..
., '@
11 .
<9.1>~
Q ;tc.)

--
1\ ....•.•.

L-3/T-lIEEE Date: 19/10/2019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-I B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: EEE 307 (Electrical Properties of Materials)
Full Marks: 2 I0 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
The symbols have their usual meanings

I. (a) What is a crystal? Draw the followings in a cubic crystal: (10)

[I To], [210], [I IT], (223), (123), (2 I I)

(b) Calculate the atomic packing factors of face centered cubic and diamond cubic crystal
structures. (12)

(c) Given the Si lattice parameter a = 0.543 nm, calculate the number of atoms per nm2
on the (100), (I 10), and (I I 1) planes in a Si crystal. Which plane has the greatest number
of atoms per unit area? (13)

2. (a) Show that the drift velocity of electrons depends directly on thc mean scattering time. (10)

(b) How the tempcrature dependence of the resistivity of a metal is different from that of
a metallic alloy? Discuss. (12)

(c) Derive the Hall coefficient (RH) for a semiconductor material. (13)

3. (a) Find out the expression of effective mass of the electron that has energy in a
conduction band given by Eb = 3 - 2 cos (ka). Why the effective mass of an electron in
GaAs is much smaller than that in Si? (10)

(b) Derive the expressions for electronic wavefunctions and energies for a potential box.
How many degenerate states are there in energy Icvels E321 and E44] for a square potential
box? (12)

(c) Consider two copper wires separated by a 5 nm thick oxide layer, which is a potential
barrier of height IDe V. Calculate the transmission coefficient for conduction electrons in
copper, which have a kinetic energy of about 7 eV. What will be the transmission
coefficient if the oxide barrier is I nm? (13)

4. (a) What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? Apply Heisenberg's principle for a free
electron to find out the uncertainties in position and momentum. (10)

(b) Using molecular orbital theory of bonding, explain why two hydrogen atoms make a
bond when they are brought closer, whereas, two helium atoms do not make a bond when
they are brought closer. (12)

(c) Consider a 2D electron gas in which the electrons are restricted to move freely within
a square area a2 in the xy plane. Show that the density of states geE) is constant
(independent of energy). (13)

Contd P/2
.'

=2=
EEE307
SECTION -B

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

The symbols have their usual meanings. Assume reasonable values for any missing data

5. (a) Show that the local field is given by- (10)

E lac
= E(E 3+2)
r

(b) Amorphous selenium (a-Se) is a high-resistivity semiconductor that has a density of

l
approximately 4.3 g cm-3 and an atomic number and mass of 34 and 78.96 g mor ,
respectively. Its relative permittivity at 1 kHz has been measured to be 6.7. Calculate the
relative magnitude of the local field in a-Se. Calculate the polarizability per Se atom in
the structure. What type of polarization is this? How eill &r depend on the frequency? (25)

6. (a) The isolated water molecule has a permanent dipole po of 6.2x I0-30 C m. The
electronic polarizability ae of the water molecule under dc conditions is about 4x 10-40 C
m. What is the dielectric constant of steam at a pressure of 10 atm (lOx 105 Pa) and at a
temperature of 400°C? [Note: The number of water molecules per unit volume N can be
found from the simple gas law, P = (N/NA)RT. The Clausius-Mossotti equation does not
apply to orientational polarization. R = 8.314 J.morl.K-1] (20)

(b) Consider the three dielectric materials listed in Table for Q 6(b) with the real and
imaginary dielectric constants E~ and E;. At a given voltage, which dielectric will have
the lowest power dissipation per unit capacitance at I kHz and at an operating
temperature of 50°C? Is this also true at 120°C? (15)
Material T= 50°C T= 120°C
E'r En E'r En
r r

Polycarbonate 2.47 0.003 2.535 0.003

PET 2.58 0.003 2.75 0.027
PEEK 2.24 0.003 2.25 0.003

7. (a) Classify and describe different types of magnetic materials. (20)

(b) The application of a stress T to a piezoelectric crystal leads to a polarization P and

hence to an electric field E in the crystal such that (15)
E=gT
where g is the piezoelectric voltage coefficient. If EoEr is the permittivity of the crystal,
show that
d
g=-
EoEr

A BaTi03 sample, along a certain direction, has d = 190 pC N-1, and its Er '" 1900 along
this direction. What do you expect for its g coefficient for this direction and how does
this compare with the measured value of approximately 0.013 m2 C-I?

8. (a) What is Meissner effect? Briefly explain Type I and Type II superconductors. (20)
(b) What are metamaterials? Write the key properties and possible applications of
metamaterials. (15)
,..•~

L-3/T -1IEEE Date: 06/1112019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T- I B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: EEE 309 (Communication Systems I)
Full Marks: 2 I0 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
SECTION -A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) With necessary figures write soine typical features of coaxial cable, satellite

communication channel and fiber-optic cable with their relative merits and demerits. (12)
(b)' Mention the major transmission channel impairments and briefly explain their
practical mitigation techniques in analog communication systems. How do digital

communication systems resolve the problems? (13)

(c) The signal power at point x is 20~lW as shown in Fig. for Q. No. I(c). White
10
Gaussian noise is added with signal and spectral density of noise is given by No = 4x 10-
W/Hz. The band pass filter (BPF) is ideal with unity gain and has a bandwidth of 10 kHz.
The gain of the amplifier is 100 and its internal noise power is -23.01 dBm. Calculate the
SNR at points x, y and z and the noise figure of the amplifier. Also determine the noise

temperature of the total system assuming room temperature of 27°C. (10)

2. (a) A message signal is x(t) = 2 cos(2000 ret) + 5 cos(4000 ret) and the carrier signal is c(t)
= 1Ocos(4re x 10't). (15)
(i) Derive the expression of DSB +C signal in frequency domain and show the amplitude

spectrum of the modulated signal.

(ii) Calculate the power efficiency of the system.
(iii) Draw the amplitude spectrum after suppressing the USB part and write the
exprcssion of the remaining signal in time domain.
(iv) Is it possible to demodulate the remaining signal non-coherently? Explain.
(b) With appropriate figures distinguish between homodyne and heterodyne detection
Processes. In case of homodyne detection, if the locally generated carrier has a frequency

crror of 600, what will happen at the receiver end? (10)

(c) What is the common constraint of commonly used methods of generating SSB
signals? Explain the Weaver method for generation of SSB signal with a detailed block

diagram and justify the use of two stages SSB modulation. (10)

3. (a) What are the advantages of QAM compared to SSB modulation? Explain, with a
block diagram why coherent detection is used for QAM system. If the locally generated
 =2=

EEE 309
carner has a frequency error ""00 and a phase error 8, calculate the demodulated outputs
showing the so-called cochannel interference for the two input message signals ml(t) and

mz(t). (13)

(b) Draw the block diagram of a superheterodyne AM receIver. Why IS it called

superheterodyne? Briefly discuss the function of each block. (12)

(c) A baseband signal met) is a periodic sawtooth signal as shown in Fig. forQ. No. 3(c).
Sketch the FM and PM waves for this signal if the carner frequency We = 21tx106 rad/sec,
frequency sensitivity kr = 200001t, and phase sensitivity kp = 1t/2. Why is it necessary to

use kp < 1tin this case? (10)

3
-1-, __ 10-- 10- --'1

__ -=-'_' .-"------.r-=-- 10-~

'----'
__ -!i~.~~
4. (a) Using a DSB-SC modulator, generate the NBFM and NBPM signals. Are they
similar to AM wave? Explain analytically. Using this NBFM , show how wideband FM is
generated in the indirect method of Armstrong illustrating the corresponding block

diagram. (14)
(b) With example, show how angle modulation technique IS Immune to nonlinear

distortions. (8)
(c) Consider a wideband PM signals produced by a sinusoidal modulating signal met) =
Am cos (21t/mt), using a modulator with a phase sensitivity equal to kp radians/volt. Show

that if the maximum phase deviation (~p) is large compared with one radian, then

bandwidth of PM signal varies linearly with the modulating signal 1m whereas the

bandwidth of wideband FM signal becomes effectively independent of 1m when

modulation index ~» 1. (13)

SECTION -8

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

All the symbols have their usual meanings

5. (a) The PCM signal of the message signal, met) = 10 cos(4000m) + 5cos(12000m) needs
to be transmitted through a channel with maximum capacity 100 kbps. The minimum
SQNR requirement for PCM is assumed to be 17 dB. Detennine (i) the design parameters
of the PCM system and (ii) the bit sequence for the first 4 samples if sampling starts at t =
0.01 sec and mid-rise unifonn quantization is used. Also determine the design

parameters ofPCM if non-uniform quantization with ~-law companding is used. (20)

 =3=

EEE 309
(b) A triangular message signal of frequency 500 Hz and peak to peak amplitude 2V is
sampled with sampling frequency I kHz starting at t = 0.5 ms and then the sampled
signal is reconstructed by using an ideal LPF of bandwidth I kHz and amplitude 1/2000.
Derive the expression of the reconstructed signal. Also, draw the approximate

reconstructed signal. (15)

6. (a) With necessary calculations, draw the constellation diagram of the digital modulator

shown in Fig. for Q. No. 6(a). (20)

(b) Assume that the digital bit sequence "01" with data rate 5 kbps is transmitted by
BFSK modulation with 10 = 12 kHz and 11= 24 kHz. Draw the block diagram of a BFSK
demodulator with envelope detection and describe its operation for decoding the bit
sequence "01" from the BFSK modulated signal. Also determine the bandwidth of the

BFSK signal. (15)

h(t)::'(l.ll~~qJt~tift)) 1/f;;}]
Sepio.l
~NRZ
bit- enCodeR.
I 4 +0
b(t) P«",{!L(

S~e"l1ee.-

o..l./tJ

Eg. -fnrr
NO'
~'I\b ~C{) J
7. (a) The message signal, met) = I+4cos(4000rrt) + 4cos(l2000rrt)is sampled at 100%
higher than the Nyquist rate with 20% duty cycle to produce natural PAM signal. Draw
the amplitude spectrum of the PAM signal and determine its bandwidth. Draw the block
diagram to reconstruct the message signal from the PAM signal mentioning the values of

different parameters in the block diagram. (18)

(b) For the message signal met) = 20 sin(2000m) +16 sin(6000m), four ~-modulators
MOD-I, MOD-2, MOD-3, and MOD-4 are available as specified below.
MOD-I: Data Rate=6 kbps, ~ =72; MOD-2: Data Rate = 12 kbps, ~ = 18
MOD-3: Data Rate = 24 kbps, ~ =18; MOD-4: Data Rate = 24 kbps, ~ = 36

Which ~-modulator will you prefer? Justify your answer with necessary calculations. (17)

8. (a) In a joint TOM and FOM multiplexing system, 10 sources are multiplexed in each
TOM block. The bandwidth of each source is 5 kHz. The Nyquist sampling rate is used
for sampling the sources and each sample of the sources is converted to 8 bits by binary
encoding. Interleaved unit of the TOM blocks is a sample of 8 bits and 2 bits are uscd for
.

=4=

EEE 309
synchronization of each frame. An FOM block is used to multiplex the outputs of 4 TOM
blocks with ASK modulation of 4 different carrier frequencies with a guard band of 2
kHz. Oetennine (i) the data rate of each TOM output and (ii) the bandwidth of the FOM

output signal. (18)

(b) In a three-user OS-COMA system, the PN sequences of user-I, user-2 and user-3 are
C) =[1, I, I, I, 1, -1], Cz = [1,1, -1, -1,1,1], and C) = [I, -1,1, -1, -I, -I], respectively.
Oetennine the transmitted bits by the users if the received base band signal is r = [1, -I, 5,

1,-1,-3]. (9)
(c) Write down the comparative advantages and disadvantages of TDM and FOM

systems. (8)
L-3fT-lIEEE Date: 24/10/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-I B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: EEE 311 (Digital Signal Processing I)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Consider the system shown in Fig. for Q. No. I(a). Here continuous time signal xc(t) =
cos (8000 TIt)is first converted to discrete time signal x [n] using sampling frequency F, =

16,000 samples/sec. System - 1 is described as: (17)

HI (e/"')=e -j4,.'" -;r <OJ5,;r

System - 2 is described as

IOJI
< 0.25;r
H2 (e/'" )={I,
0, 0.25;r 5,IOJI<;r

Find YI[n] and Y2[n]

(b) Consider the following difference equation: (18)

1 I
y[n]+- y[n-I]-- y[n-2]=5x(n].
6 6
[i] Use time domain solution technique to find the impulse response of an initially relaxed
system.
[ii] Also find the unit step response considering y [-I] = 6 and y [-2] = 12.

2. (a) In Fig. for Q. No. 2(a), hl[n] denotes the impulse response of an ideallowpass filter

with unity passband gain and cutoff frequency OJe =;r . Sketch the equivalent frequency
4
response of the overall system (shown using dotted line) indicating explicitly the band

edge frequencies in terms of Ole. (17)

(b) Consider the pole-zero plots shown in Fig. for Q. No. 2(b). x[n] is the input to a

causal LTI system with transfer function H (z) and output Y (z) . (18)

[i] Find X(z) and x[n] with ~<lzl<2.

2
[ii] Also, find H(z) and h[n].

3. (a) Let X(eiro) denote the Fourier transform ofa finite duration signal x[n] given by (18)
x[n] = [ 0... 0 0 1 2 1 0 I 2 I 0 0.. 0]
t
Find (i) X(e/"') 1"'=0' (ii)X(e/"') 1"'=IT,(iii) ~X(e/"'),

.. ,
 =2=

EEE 311

(iv) L X(e Jw )dw, (v) the signal whose Fourier transform is X(e.j",), and (vi) Group

delay.

(b) A band limited continuous time signal xc(t) with Xc(j1l), shown in Fig for Q. No. 3(b), is

sampled at Fs = 4FN. Sketch IX(eJw)1 magnitude spectrum of resulting discrete time

signal x[n). Describe briefly the process of changing sampling frequency to ~ Fs' Also
3
sketch the magnitude spectrum of new signal obtained after the change in sampling

frequency. (17)

4. (a) Consider a non-minimum phase LTI system with system function H(z) cascaded with
a compensating system Hc(z) as shown in Fig. for Q. No. 4(a). Hc(z) is chosen in such a
way that the-inagnitude of the overall effective frequency response is unity. Find Hc(z),

given tha~Jl3
" ~-
:;~
jif:j [(15)
,
I
~//

(b) A generalized linear phase FIR system has an impulse response with real values and
h[n] = 0 for n < 0 and n <: 8, and h[n] = -h[7-n]. The system function of this system has a
. /4
zero at z = 0.8 el" and another zero at z = -2. Determine H(z) .. (10)
(c) For the periodic signal X'[I1] with period N = 10 as shown in Fig. for Q. No. 4(c), find

the discrete Fourier series of X'[I1]. (10)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) (i) Consider the finite-length sequence (20)

X [11]= 28[11] + 8[11-]] +8[11- 3]
Compute the five-point DFT X[k).
Compute a five-point inverse DFT of Y[k] = X[kf to obtain a sequence y[n). Determine
the sequence y[n] for n = 0, I, 2, 3, 4. If N-point DFTs are used in the two-step

procedure, how should we choose N so that y[n] = x[ n] • x[n] for 0 ::;n ::;N-l? (20)
 =3=

EEE 311

(ii) Consider the finite-length sequenee x[n] in Fig. 5(a) (ii). The Four-Point DFT ofx[n]
is denoted as X[k]. Plot the sequeneey[n) whose DFT is

(b) Suppose we have two 4-point sequenees x[n) and h[n) as follows: (15)

X [11]= cos( ~1 ), n = 0, I, 2, 3

h[n) =2" , n=O, 1,2,3

Calculate the 4-point DFTs ofX[k) and H[k). Calculate y[n) = x[n) (4) h[n) by doing the
circular convolution. Calculate y[n) by multiplying X[k) and H[k) and performing an
inverse DFT.

6. (a) (i) Draw the signal flow graph for the direct form II implementation of the LTI system

51
I+/6z -I I -2
+-z
with system function H(z )- I 16 (15)
1--z-I_-z-2
2 2
(ii) Consider the causal LTI system with the system function

2-%z-I_2z-2
H(z)- 3
(l-~z-I)(I+%Z-I)
Draw signal flow graph that implements this system as a parallel combination of first-
order transposed direct form 11sections.

- -I jj'
(b) Consider an all-pass system whose system function is H(z)- ~ - 3 (20)
l-~z-I
3
Draw the direct foml I signal flow graph for the system. How many delays and
multipliers do you need? Draw a signal flow graph for the system that uses one
multiplier. Minimize the number of delays. Consider another all-pass system whose

Find and draw a signal flow graph for the system with two multipliers and three delays.

7. (a) Using the Kaiser window method, a real-valued FIR filter with generalized linear

phase has to be designed that meets the following specifications: (15)

0.9< H(eif• )<I.l , 0 :5lwl:50.2;r

- 0.06 < H(e )< 0.06, 0.3;r :5lwl:50.4 75;r

iOJ
 =4=

EEE 311
1.9<H(eiw)<2.1 , 0.5251T~lwl~1T
This specification is to be met by applying the Kaiser window to the ideal real-valued

(e
impulse response associated with the ide'al frequency response Ii d iw ) given by

1, O~ Iw 1~0.251T

Iid(eiw )= 0, 0.451T < Iwl < 0.51T

2, 0.51T~lwl~1T

(i) What is the maximum value of Ii that can be used to meet the specification? What

is the corresponding value of~? Clearly explain year reasoning.

(ii) What is the maximum value of I10J that can be used to meet the specification?

What is the corresponding value of f!? Clearly explain your reasoning.

(b) Suppose that we are given an ideal lowpass discrete-time filter with frequency

response, (20)

Iwl~~
, IT <lwl~1T
4

Derive new filters from this prototype by multiplications of the impulse response h[n]

(i) plot the frequency response HI(ei"') for the system whose impulse response is hl[n] =
h[2n).

(ii) plot the frequency response H2(ei"') for the system whose impulse response is

[ 1= {hbi 1
h2 n
n=O, :t2,:t4
o, olhenl/;se

(iii) Plot the frequency response H3( ei"') for the system whose impulse response IS

h3[n] = ein"h[n] =(_1)" h[n).

8. (a) A continuous time filter with impulse response hc(t) and frequency response

magnitude. (20)

I~*IOIT,
101>101T ,

is to be used as the prototype for the design of a discrete-time filter. The resulting
discrete-time system is to be used in the Fig. 8(a) to filter the continuous-time signal xc(t)
 =5=
EEE 311
(i) A discrete time system with impulse response h1[n) and system function H,(z) is
obtained from the prototype continuous time system by impulse invariance with T d =
0.01 ie, h1[n) = O.Olhc(O.OI n). Plot the magnitude of the overall effective frequency
response Hcn{jO) = Yc(jO)/xc (jO) when this discrete-time system used in Fig. 8(a).

(ii) Suppose that a discrete-time system with impulse response h2[n) and system function
I-h(z) is obtained from the prototype continuous-time system by the bilinear
transformation with Td = 2 and

Plot the magnitude of the overall effective frequency response Hcn{jO) when this
discrete-time system is used in Fig. 8(a).

(b) Explain why is Hamming window preferred over rectangular window for FIR filter
design. For a Bilinear transform method of IIR filter design, show that a causal stable

continuous time filter maps into a causal stable discrete-time filter. (15)

X [nJ. ",," L 7:/ ~1r~1. LT:L

.. ,,' ~,..{,;'.
>r~I~ "" i +. fys1em- 2~
..:~r!':1J.:-.
,~"
-

~~~~
~'l-.--
1 ,
,
.. ,

*,...~
-" . --;--""?~~-="
~""'~";""""""-~-----'
-
,
,

'.
'. ,
"

t V:,J
I
I
, ,
JL;[n} ,• 't,. -t~
.•
;.
'

=/'
.:t: .:r", . :tjlriJ_
l'
"
..! I
I
..
i: "-. .. - I
".1 ..
-
I.' :'
~':"'t~ 'e,
,
""~~,,"

'7f'
(~,

, , I.

---L _59~__ _~Jt .', I

-----r--,"j--f. ~.D:"2la:) .
fm.- ..

Re.
--~,: '
i" ,
-I 6 .!- ';I~_~-

--- --
 =6=

EEE 311

--',
,"lJ
. -1"::b
t' ~ I illlJ~~.---.,
O
,11....
,. 2 -:z
:J A.'
T CJ Ib 11- ...
~-"..-
.-'

-L ..--1 0 i 2- .3 '1 ~ G 1- I?
. F\J~.~910;).

r~
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---l7 I
~I Cv,J 0I!-J' .
t71 (C) err /'h,(c
,~~~~

L T~IO'1'5
- _. --

-------
 L-31T-1/EEE Date: 02/11/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-41T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: EEE 331 (Professional Practice and Communication)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

Symbols and abbreviation have their used meanings.
The questions are of equal value.
I. (a) With a suitable example, distinguish between strict-sense stationarity and Ergodicity
What is wide sense stationarity and why do we use it?
(b) The random process X(t) is given by
X(t) = A cos rot + B sinrot c

where ro is a constant, and A and Bare i. i. d. normal random variables. Find the
conditions if X(t) is uncorrelated and orthogonal. Comment on the independence of X(t).

2. (a) A causal LTI system gives an output process yet) for a WSS input process given that

Syy(w)= 2 ab 2; a,b>O
a +w
Find the impulse response h(t) of the system.
(b) Consider an ARMA (1, I) process defined as
yen) = uY(n-l) + Wen) + ~W(n-I) where lal<l, IfJl< I, yen) is causal and Wen) a causal

and zero-mean WSS white hoi~e process with variance a2.

Determine the autocorrelation function ofY(n).

3. (a) A random Process X(t) is given by

x(t) = A cos (wt + <p)

Where E(A) = I, aA = 9. <p - u(O, ~) and A in independent of <po Find the average

power of X(t).
(b) For the message signals shown in Fig. for Q. 3(b), draw the impulse responses of the
corresponding matched filters. Assume that all the three message signals Sl(t), S2(t) and

...
~. tJ..S.)",-C.t)-
sJ(t) are corrupted wise a WSS while noise of PSD = 1/2, and t = 1s.

.1
r
,
I
-j 0 :1. 2.. -./_
-1 o
1- $:> (t)

Contd P/2

-2-
_.-
- ..
-j 0 1 .2--1> 1; (s)
--- -----~------ -~
Fla. fcJrt. ~. 3(6)
 =2=

EEE 331

4. (a) The time to failure of an electronic equipment is a random variable T. Define its
Hazard Rate. Next express the Reliability R(t) in terms of the Hazard Rate (P(t))

Assuming that P(t) = 0.5t; determine the failure densely function h(t).
(b) Let Z = Xl + X2 + - - - - - - - - + Xn where XK are independent Poisson random
variables with parameters AI, 1'2 - - -- - - - I'n' Find Jz(Z). Comment on Your result in the
context of the Central Limit theorem. Note: K = 0, I, 2 - - - -n where n is a finite valued
integer.

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Make reasonable assumptions on any missing data. Symbols their usual meaning.

5. (a) Box 1 contains 1000 bulbs of when 10% are defective. Box 2 contains 2000 bulbs of
which 5% are defective. Two bulbs are picked from a randomly selected box. (a) Find the
probability that both bulbs are defective (b) Assuming that bulbs are defective, find the

probability that they came from box I. (10)

(b) Two players A and B agree to playa series of games on the condition that A wins the
series if he succceds in winning m games before B wins n games. The probability of
winning a single game is p for A and q = I - P for B. What is the probability that A will

win the series? (10)

(c) Trains X and Y arrive at a station at random between 8:00 A. M. and 8:20 A. M. Train
X stops for four minutes and train Y stops for five minutes. Assuming that the trains
arrive independently of each other, detennine (a) the probability that train X arrives
before train Y, (b) the probability that the trains meet at the station, and (c) the

probability that train X arrived before train Y assuming that the trains met at the station. (15)

6. (a) The cdf of a random variables X is given by (10)

0, jorx<O,

Fx(x)= l_e-xI3, jorO:5,x<3

-x13
g
1-- --,jorx?3.
2

Determine (a) the probability that X > 2, and (b) the probability that 2 < X:5, 6.

(b) Consider a function f(x) (8)

1 (_x
j() x=.,;;e
2 +x-a) -oo<x< 00

Find the value ofx such that f(x) is a pdfofa continuous random variable X.
Contd P/3
 =3=

EEE 331
Contd ..... Q. NO.6

(c) A production line manufactures 1000 orun resistors that have 10% tolerance. The
resistance of a resistor is a normal random variables X with mean 1000 and variance

2500. Find the probability that a resistor picked at random will be rejected. (8)
(d) A biased coin, which lands heads with probability 1/10 each time it is flipped, is
flipped 200 times consecutively. Calculate an upper bound on the probability that it lands

heads at least 120 times. (9)

7. (a) If X is an exponential random variable with parameter A, find the pdf ofY = XI/p. (10)
(b) If?< and Yare independent uniform random variables in the common interval (0, I),

determine the pdf and edf of a random variable Z = X + Y. (12)

(c) The joint pdf of a bivariate random is given by (13)

k(X+ y) O<X< 2, 0<y<2

fxy (x,y)= { 0
otherwise

where k = 1/8.
(i) Determine the marginal pdfs of X and Y.
(ii) Determine whether X and Yare independent.

8. (a) Suppose the joint pmf of a bivariate random variable is given by (12)

P
xy
("
X,,),
I.)=j.!..3 (0,1),(1,0),(2,1)
o otherwise

(i) Determine whether X and Y independent.

(ii) Determine whether X and Yare uncorrelated.
(b) Prove that the sum of two independent Poisson random variables is a Poisson random

variable whose parameter is the sum of the parameters of the original random variables. (12)
(c) Suppose X and Yare independent exponential random variables with common

parameter A. IfU = X + Y and V = X - Y, find the joint pdf ofU and V. (11)
"

. ,.;. ",

x(11
6(11
X(f)
1
" X{",!
1
. .'

1 B(f) 2Jr6(1l/)
B(I-Io) 8-J2~n. 9-J~
, "J2JrfJ 6(1 0 266(", -"'Il) ,
' 1 I
cos(2"'011 1 '
2[6(1 -lol+6{f +fol] 1T[ 6{", -wal +6{",.., "'ril] I,
sln(21ffo'l 1 ' "
-[ 6(f -fo)-cl(f +(01] - fir[ 5{", --war-5{", + "'01] I
2J " ,
,I
rect(l) slnc(f)
sine(- "'J
slnc(l) roc/(f)
2" "
II
mct(::r)
, A{II '. slnc2(f) I
Slnc2(~) .
"

slnc2(/) A(f)
A(::r )
o-alu(/), «>0 1
,--1
. a+ 121ff a+J(J)." .: '.
f ' ,
. 1, ,.. -:.
/o-o1U(I), a>O
(a +f21f()2 (ti+ J",)2
e-a~1 a>O 2•• .' 2a
" (a2 +(2Jrf)2 (a2 +(",)2
o-Irt' :, . e-af' e-af~:;

sgn(t) 1 2
f"f J'"
U(I) .
,

1 1 1.
"26(f)+ rhrt ".6(",) + -. '
I'" .
"
rbrl I'"
'

; 6(t) -
,
••
L B(I-oro) .1
.r.0
i: if~-!?-)
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1'"
r; L
o n::.--co
( 28)
6 "'- r. n
0
"- nc-oD
"
L-3/T-lIEEE Date: 29/10/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-I B, Sc. Engineering Examinations 2018-2019
Sub: HUM 279 (Financial and Management Accounting)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRlPTS FOR EACH SECTION
SECTION -A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Write short notes of the following (any two)- (lO)

(i) Cash flow statement.
(ii) Going concern assumption.
(iii) Revenue.
(b) Mr. B started his business "B Enterprise" on July 1, 2019: During his first month
of operation he had the following transactions:
July I: Started his business investing Tk. 500,000 cash and an office equipment of
Tk.50,000.
July 2: Paid Tk. 10,000 office maintenance expense for the month in cash.
July 4: Purchase supplies on credit Tk. 60,000.
July 6: Tk. 30,000 is received in cash from customers but services will be provided
in next month.
.Iuly 8: Purchased a machine for office purpose for Tk. 150,000. Paid Tk. 50,000 in
cash and signed a notes payable for the remaining amount.
.Iuly 9: Provide services to the client but payment will be received later amount Tk .
80,000.
July 12: Telephone bill of the office for month was Tk. 8,000 but not paid.
July 15: Received Tk. 35,000 in cash from customers related to transaction July 9.
July 20: Owner withdrew Tk. 20,000 in cash from business for his personal needs .
.Iuly 22: Paid salary expense for the month Tk. 15,000 in cash
Required:
(i) Show the effects of the above transactions on the accounting equation for the
month of .Iuly, 2019
(ii) Also prepare an income statement for the month. (25)

2. (a) Mr. "C" started a bakery shop. It has the following events for August, 2019:
August I: Mr. "C" invested Tk. 100,000 cash in his business.
August 2: Bought some furniture's from Navana Furniture for interior decoration Tk.
20,000 by signing a note
August 5: Paid advertisement expense in cash for Tk. 5,000.
August 7: Received an electricity bill for the month Tk. 6,000 but it will not be paid
until next month.
August 10:Provide services to a client for Tk. 50,000 in cash.
August 12:Hired a manager at a salary Tk. 10,000 per month.
August 22:Paid Tk. 15,000 in cash for insurance for next two years.
August 28: Mr. "C" withdrew Tk. 20,000 cash from the business.
Contd 2
 =2=

HUM 279
Contd ..... Q. No. 2(a)

Required: (21)
(i) Give journal entries for the month of August, 2019.
(ii) Prepare ledger of Cash Account.

(b) Following information is available for "Walton Company"-

Walton Company
Income Statement
For the year ended December 31,2018 .

Amount (Tk.)
Net sales 600,000
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold 415,000
Selling and administrative 120,800
expense
Interest expense 7,800
Income tax expense 18,000
Total expense 561,600
Net Income 38,400

Walton Company
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018

Asset Amount (Tk.) Liabilities and Amount (Tk.)

Equity
Cash 21,000 Accounts payable 122,000
Investments (Short term) 18,000 Income tax payable 23,000
Accounts receivable 86,000 Bond payable 120,000
Prepaid expense 62,000 Wage payable 62,000
Inventory 90,000 Common stock or 150,000
equity (Tk. 5 par)
Plant asset 423,000 Retained earnings 223,000
Total asset 700,000 Total Lia bilities 700,000
and Equil)'

(14)

Contd 3.
 =3=

HUM 279
Contd ..... Q. No. 2(b)

(iii) Debt to total asset.

(iv) Earning per share (EPS)
(v) Price earning ratio.
(vi) Gross margin ratio.
(vii) Inventory turnover.

3. (a) Why do we need adjusting entries? (5)

(b) The Trial Balance of "Sharp Company" on December 31, 2018 is given below-
"Sharp Company"
Trial Balance
December 31, 2018
Accounts Title Debit (Tk.) Credit (Tk.)
Cash 8,000
Accounts receivable 4,000
Prepaid insurance 2,400
Investment 10,000
Supplies 1,500
Office equipment 12,000
Accounts payable 3,800
Unearned service revenue 3,000
Salary payable 5,000
Utility bill payable 5,000
Salary expense 3,000
Rent expense 1,900
Capital 20,000
Service revenue 6,000
Total 42,800 42,800

Other Information:
• Unused supplies on hand at December 31, 2018 were Tk. 500.
• Travel expense incurred but not paid at December 31,2018 were Tk. 350.
• Insurance policy was for 2 years.
• Rent is accrued but not paid Tk. 900 for the month.
• Invoice represented that services earned for Tk. 1,000 but not recorded.
• Office equipment is being depreciated at Tk. 250 per month.
• Unearned revenue earned Tk. 1,000

Required: (30)
(i) Prepare necessary adj usting entries.
(ii) Prepare an adjusted trial balance.

Contd 4
 =4=

HUM 279

4. (a) What is retained earnings? (5)

(b) The following accounts are taken from the ledger balance of "Danish Company"
at 31 Sl December, 2018:
"Danish Company"
Trial Balance
31st December, 2018
Accounts Title Debit (Tk.) Credit (Tk.)
Accounts receivable 12,000 6,000
Accounts payable 6,000
Cash 30,500
Copyright 20,000
Capital 85,900
Drawings 5,000
Supplies 900
Sala~ expense 7,000
Advertisement expense 3,000
Other maintenance expense 4,000
Utility expense 13,000
Notes payable 5,000
Bond payable 20,000
Tax payable 20,000
Store equipment 25,000
Machinery 32,000 f
Unearned commission 3,000
Sales 98,000
Cost of goods sold 30,000
Prepaid insurance 4,000
Goodwill 51,000
Total 2,37,900 2,37,900

Adjustments data:
(i) Two thirds of the supplies woe used during the period.
(ii) Charge @ 15% depreciation on store equipment.
(iii) 60% utility expense relates to office and remaining to sales.

Required: (30)
(i) Prepare a multiple step (classified) income statement for the year ended December,
2018.
(ii) Prepare an owners' equity statement and a classified balance sheet on 31 Sl
December, 2018.

Contd 5
 =5=

HUM 279

SECTION-B

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Mention the assumptions of Cost Volume and Profit (CVP) analysis. (5)
(b) Memofax Ltd. produces memory enhancement kits for fax machines. Sales have
been very erratic, with some months showing a profit and some months showing a
loss. The company's contribution format income statement for the most recent month
is given below:

Particulars Tk.
Sales (13500 units@Tk. 20 per unit) ... 270,000
Less: Variable Expense ......................... (189,000)
Contribution margin .............................. 81,000
Less: Fixed Expense (90,000)
Net Operating Loss (9,000)

Required: (30)
(i) Compute the company's CM ratio and the its break-even point in both units and
Tk.
(ii) The sales manager feels that Tk. 8,000 increase in the monthly advertising budget,
combined with an intensified effort by the sales staff, will result in a Tk 70,000
increase in monthly sales. If the sales manager is right, what will be the effect on the
company's monthly net operating income or loss? (N.B. Advertising expense is a
fixed cost)
(iii) Refer to the original data. The president is convinced that a 10% reduction in the
selling price, combined with an increase of Tk. 35,000 in the monthly advertising
budget, will double unit sales. What will be new contribution format income
statement look like if these changes are adopted?
(iv) Refer to the original data. The company's advertising agency thinks that a new
package would help sales. The new package being proposed would increase
packaging costs by Tk. 0.60 per unit. Assuming no other changes, how many units
would have to be sold each month to earn a profit of Tk. 4,500?
(v) Refer to the original data. By automating, the company could slash its variable
expanses in half. However, fixed costs would increase by Tk. 118,000 per month.
a. Compute the new CM ratio and the new break-even point in unit.
b. Assume that the company expects to sell 20,000 units next month. Prepare two
contribution format income statements, one assuming that operations are not
automated and one assuming that they are.
c. Would you recommend that the company automatic its operations? Explain.
Contd 6
 =6=

HUM 279

6. (a) Differentiate between variable costing and absorption costing. Which method is

relevant for decision making purpose and why? (5)

(b) Denton Company manufactures and sells a single product. Cost data for the
product are given below:

Variable Cost Per Unit:

Direct Material ................................. Tk. 7
Direct Labor .................................... 10
Variable Manufacturing Overhead ........... 5
Variable Selling & Administrative .......... l
Total Variable .Cost Per Unit 25
Fixed Cost Per month:
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead .............. Tk.315,000
Fixed Selling and Administrative overhead ... 245.000
Total fixed cost per month 560.000

The product sells for Tk. 60 per unit. Production and sales data for July and August,
the first two months of operations, follow:

Month Unit produced Unit Sold

July 17,500 15,000
August 17,500 20,000

The company's Accounting Department has prepared absorption costing income

statements for July and August as presented below: (30)
July August
Sales ....................... Tk.900,000 Tk. 1200,000
Less: Cost Goods Sold ............ (600.000) (800.000)
Gross Margin ................ 300,000 400,000
Less: Selling & Administrative expense 290.000 305.000
Net Operating Income 10.000 95.000

Required:
i) Determine the unit product cost under:
a. Absorption costing.
b. Variable costing.
ii) Prepare contribution format variable costing income statement for July and
August.
iii) Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income
figures.

Contd 7
 =7=

HUM 279
Coutd ..... Q. No. 6(b)

iv) The company's Accounting Department has determined the company's break-even
point to be 16,000 unit per month.
"I'm confused," said he president. ''The accounting people say that our break-even
point is 16,000 units per month, but we sold only 15,000 units in July, and the income
statement they prepared shows at Tk. 10,000 profit for that month. Either the income
statement is wrong or the break-even point is wrong." Prepare a brief memo for the
president, explaining what happened on the July income statement.

7. ACI Ltd is manufacturing firm produces medicine in Bangladesh. The company's

recent financial data for the just completed year ended 31SIDecember 2018 are as
follows: (35)

Raw Material (I SIJanuary 2018) ................... Tk. 11,000

Raw Material (31 SIDecember 2018) ............... Tk. 14,000
Work in Process (lSI January 2018) ............... Tk.42,000
Work in Process (31 SIDecember 2018) ......... Tk. 11,000
Finished Goods (lSI January 2018) ............... Tk.70,000
Finished Goods (31SIDecember 2018) ................... Tk.22,000

Sales Revenue ........................................... Tk.950,000

Sales Return ............................................. Tk.50,000
Labor Cost (80% Direct) ............................... Tk.90,000
Office Rent Expense .................................... Tk. 10,000
Raw Materials Purchases ............................... Tk. 132,000
Purchase Return .......................................... Tk.2,000
Sales Commission ....................................... Tk.66,000
Advertising Expense .................................... Tk.5,000
Factory Supervision Cost ............................... Tk. 12,000
Salary Expenses .......................................... Tk.43,000
Depreciation (Office Equipment) ..................... Tk. 11,000
Lease Cost (Factory Equipment) ...................... Tk.35,000
Depreciation (Factory) .................................. Tk.22,000
Property Tax (Factory Building) ...................... Tk.5,500
Utility (Factory) .......................................... Tk.6,500
Sales Representative Salary ........................... Tk. 16,000
Insurance Expense ....................................... Tk.8,000
Other Manufacturing Overhead costs ................. Tk.60,000
Contd 8
 =8=

HUM 279
Contd ..... Q. NO.7

Required:
Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold as well as
Income Statement for the year ended on 3 I Sl December 2018.

8. (a) Siemens Ltd. a manufacturing company has two service departments and two

production departments. The cost and other related information are as follows: (15)

Particulars Sen'ice Dept. Production Dept.

Maintenance Administration Sun Moon
Costs Tk.8,000 Tk.4,000 Tk.32,000 Tk,36,000
Machine-Hours Used 1,500 2,500 1,500 2,500
Number of Employees 100 200 250 150

Required:
Allocate the service department costs to the Production departments using:
i) Direct Method
ii) Step-Down Method (Allocatc Administration Department cost at first)

(b) What are the differences between discounted cash flow and non-discounted cash

flow methods? (5)

(c) Consider the two different projcct with the following cash flows- (15)

Projects Years
0 I 2 3 4 5
X (200,000) 35,000 80,000 90,000 75,000 20,000
Y (200,000) 28,000 40,000 50,000 90,000 10,000

Required:
(i) Calculate profitability index (PI) for both the projects of 15% cost of capital.
(ii) Calculate payback period for both the project.
(iii) Calculate net present value (NPV) for both the projects at 20% cost of capital.