Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Tutorial Sheet 1 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -1 “Per Unit Quantity”

Q.1. For the system shown in figure below determine the generator voltage .
Select base MVA equal to 100 MVA and base voltage 15 kVA of the generator
terminal.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

Ans V g=1.6128 ×15=24.188 KV

Q.2. Draw the per unit impedance diagram for the power system shown in fig
and use a base of 100 MVA ,220 kV in 50 Ω line . The rating of the generator
motor and transformer are
(CSVTU April-May 2009)

''
Gen - 40 MVA 25 kV X =20 %
Motor - 50 MVA 11 kV X ' ' =30 %
Transformer - 40 MVA 33 y /220 y kV X = 15 %
Transformer - 30 MVA 11∆ /220 y kV X = 15 %

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.3. Draw an impedance diagram for the one line diagram shown in Fig. 1
using a base voltage of 132 KV for the transmission line and a base volt
ampere of 20 MVA.

Reactance’s of all machines are expressed in p.u. on their own bases.

(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011)
Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.4. A 30,000kVA 13.8 kV three phase generator has a subtransient

reactance of 15 % .The generator supplies two motor over a transmission
line having transformer at both end as shown in fig. The motor have rated
input of 20.000 and 10.000kVA both 12.5 kV with X ' ' =20 % . The three
phase transformer T 1 is rated 35,000 kVA ,13.2 ∆ - 115 Y kV with leakage
reactance of 10 % .Transformer T 2 is composed of three single phase
transformer each rated 10,000 kVA 12.5 -67 kV with leakage reactance of
10 % . Series reactance of transmission line is 80 Ω. Draw the reactance
diagram with all reactance marked in per unit. Select the generator rating
as base in generator circuit.
(CSVTU April-May 2008,Nov-Dec 2008)

Ans: Impedance diagram

 Q.5.A 300 MVA, 20 KV three phase generator has a subtransient reactance of
20% . The generator supplies two synchronous motors over a 64 km
transmission line having transformers at both ends. Rated inputs to the motors
are 200 MVA and 100 MVA for M 1 and M 2 respectively. For both motor X” = 20%
The step up transformer is rated 350 MVA, 20/230 KV with leakage reactance
of 10% . The step down transformer is composed of three single phase
transformer each rated 127/13.2 KV , 100 MVA with leakage reactance of 10
Ω
%. Series reactance of the transmission line is 0.5 . If M 1 and M 2 have
km
inputs of 120 and 60 MW reaspectively at 13.2 KV , and both operate at unity
power factor, find the voltage at the terminals of the generator.

0
Ans: V g=0.9826 ∠ 13.20
Q.6. A 19 MVA ,11 kV three phase generator has a reactance of 25 % .The
generator supplies two motor through transformer and transmission line as
shown in fig . Taking the generator rating as a base rating draw reactance
diagram and indicate the reactance in per unit. The reactance of the line is 100
Ω (CSVTU April-May 2008, Nov-Dec 2009)
Data given
Transformer - 100 MVA , 11 /132 kV , 6 % reactance
Transformer - 30 MVA , 132/ 10 kV , 5 % reactance
Motor 1 - 50 MVA 10 kV , 15 % reactance
Motor 2 - 40 MVA 10 kV , 15 % reactance

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.7.Three parts of a single phase electric system are designated A, B, and C
and are connected to each other through transformer as shown in fig . The
transformer are rated as follows
A- B - 10000 kVA , 13.8 -138 kV leakage reactance 10%
B- C - 10000 kVA , 138 -69 kV leakage reactance 8%
If the base in the circuit B is chosen as 10000 kVA 138 kV . find the per unit
impedance of 300 ohm resistive load in circuit C referred to circuit C , B and
A. Draw impedance diagram neglecting magnetizing current , transformer
resistance and line impedance.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2009)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.8. A 100 MVA, 33 KV, 3-phase generator has a sub-transient reactance to

15%. The generator is connected to motor through a transmission line &
transformers as shown in Figure 1(b). The motor have rated inputs of 30 MVA ,
20 MVA & 50 MVA at 30 KV with 20% sub transient reactance . The 3 –phase
transformer are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV ∆ /110kV Y with leakage reactance 8%
.The line has a reactance of 50Ω . Select the generator rating as the base
quantities in generator circuit determine the base quantities in other part of
the system & evaluate corresponding p.u. values.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.9. Single line diagram of a 50 Hz power system is show below: 7

The system Rating are :

Generator G1- 20MVA , 11KV, X” =50%

G2- 5 MVA , 5 KV, X “ =10%
G3 10 MVA , 33KV , X”=75%

Transformer T1-5MVA , 120 Y/11 KV, X =10%

T2- 15 MVA , 120Y/11KV. X =20%
T3-10 MVA , 120Y/33 KV, X =10%
Transmission line reactance diagram choosing the G1 Circuit As the base.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2010)
Ans: Impedance diagram

=
Q.10. The one- line diagram of a three-phase power system is shown in Figure
1(c) .Select a common base of 100 MVA & 22 kV on the generator side. Draw
an impedance diagram with all impedances marked in per unit.

G: 90 MVA 22kV X =18%

T 1: 50MVA 22/220 kV X = 10%
T 2: 40MVA 220/11kV X =6%
T 3: 40MVA 22/110kV X =6.4%
T 4: 40MVA 110/11 kV X = 8.0%
M: 66.5MVA 10.45 kV X = 18.5 %
 The three –phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA, 0.6 power factor lagging at
10.45 kV. Line 1 & 2 have reactances of 48.4 Ω & 65.43 Ω ,respectively.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.11.

The rating of the generators, motors and transformers are:

Generator 1:20MVA, 18KV, X” =20%
Generator 2:20 MVA, 18KV, X”=20%
Synchronous motor 3:30 MVA, 13.8KV, X” =20%
Three phase Y-Y transformers: 20MVA, 138 Y/20 Y KV, X =10%
Three phase Y-∆ transformers: 15 MVA, 138Y/13.8 ∆ KV, X =10%
(i) Draw reactance diagram with a base 50 MVA, 138 KV in the 40 Ω line .
(ii) If the voltage of bus c is 13.2 KV,when the motor draws 24 Megawatt at
0.8 p.f. leading. Calculate the voltages of buses A and B. Assume that 2
generators share load equally.
Find the voltages at A and B when the circuit breaker connecting generator 1
to bus A is open while the motor draws 12 MW at 13.2 KV with 0.8 p.f.
leading .All other circuit breaker remain closed.
Ans: 1. Reactance diagram :-
2. V A =0.851 ∠10.8 Pu , V B=0.851 ∠10.8 Pu
3. V A =0.9173 ∠3.35 volt ,V B=0.8839∠6.778 volt

Q.12. A 100 MVA, 13.8 KV, 3-phase generator has a reactance of 20%. The
generator is connected to a 3-phase transformer T 1rated 100 MVA 12.5 KV 1110
KV with 10% reactance. The h.v. side of the transformer is connected to a
transmission line of reactance 100 ohm. The far end of the line is connected to
a step down transformer T 2 made of three single-phase transformers each
rated 30 MVA, 60 KV / 10 KV with 10% reactance the generator supplies two
motors connected on the l.v. side T 2 as shown in Fig.. The motors are rated at
25 MVA and 50 MVA both at 10 KV with 15% reactance. Draw the reactance
diagram showing all the values in per unit. Take generator rating as base.
Ans; The reactance diagram is shown in Fig.

Q.13 . The one-line diagram of a three-phase power system is as shown in

Figure. Impedances are marked in per unit on a 100-MVA, 400-kV base. The
load at bus 2 is S2 = 15.93 MW -j33.4 MVAr, and at bus 3 is S3 = 77 MW +j14
Mvar. It is required to hold the voltage at bus 3 at 400∠0 kV. Working in per
unit, determine the voltage at buses 2 and 1.

Ans: V 2=1.1 ∠ 16.26 PU , V 1=1.2 ∠36.87 PU

 Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-2 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -2 “Symmetrical Component”
Q. 1. Determine the Symmetrical components of current in 3−∅ system the
original phasors of which are. (CSVTU April-May 2009)
I a=( 12+ j 6 ) Amp . I b =( 12− j 12 ) Amp . I c =(−15+ j10 ) Amp .
Ans: I a 0=3.283 ∠ 23.96 , I a 1=11.62 ∠ 46.732 , I a 2 =5.766∠−108.723

Q .2. In a 3−ϕ 4 wire system, the currents R,Y,B, lines under abnormal
conditions of loading are as follows.
⃗
I R =100∠30 A , ⃗
0
I Y =50∠300 A , ⃗
0 0
I B=30 ∠ 180 A
Calculate the positive, negative and zero sequence in the R- line and return
current in neutral wire.
Solution:
Ans: I R0 =27.29∠ 4.692 , I R 1=57.98∠ 43.29, I R2 =18.92∠ 24.960 , I n =81.87 ∠ 4.69

Q .3. The line current in amperes in phases a,b, c, respectively are

500+ j150 , 100− j600 and −300+ j600 referred to the same reoffered vector. Find
the symmetrical components of currents.
(CSVTU April-May 2010)
I
Ans: a 0 =111.80 ∠ 26.56 , I a1 =570.915 ∠ 16.84 , I a2 =160.38∠−155.90

Q.4. The voltages at the terminals of a balanced load consisting of 3 (10 )

resistors, connected in Y are
V ab=100 ∠0 ° , V bc =90 ∠240° , V ca =95 .5 ∠125 ° V .
Determine a general expression for the relation between the symmetrical
components of the line and phase voltages that is between V ab and V an and
between V ab 2 and V an 2 .Assume that there is no connection to the neutral of the
load .Find the line current from the symmetrical components of the given line
voltages.
Ans: I a 1=5.489 ∠ 28.33° , I a 2=0.326 ∠−0.46 ° , I a=5.77 ∠ 26.8 °

Q.5 The line-to-line voltages in an un-balanced 3−ϕ supply are

V ab=1000 ∠ 0 ˚ , V bc =866.0254 ∠−150˚ ,∧V ca=500 ∠ 120 ˚ .
Determine the symmetrical components for line and phase voltages.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2012)
Ans: V ab 1= [ 285.788 ∠ 30˚ ] , V an 1=164 ∠ 0 ° ,V ab 2=[ 756.124 ∠−10.89 ˚ ] , V an 2=436.54 ∠ 19.11 °

Q .6. The current flowing in a line towards a balanced load connected in delta
0 0
I A=100 ∠ 0 , I B=141.4 ∠225 , I C =100 ∠90
Determine a general expression for the relation b/w the symmetrical
components of line currents and phase currents in load i.e. between I A 1 and I ab 1
& I A 2& I ab 2 . find I ab for its symmetrical components. (CSVTU Aril-May 2011)
Ans: I A 0=0 , I A 1=111.52 ∠−15 , I A 2=29.87 ∠105
Q .7 A delta connected balanced resistive load is connected across an
unbalanced 3−ϕ supply as shown in fig with currents in lines A & B specified,
find the symmetrical components of line current. Also find the symmetrical
components of delta currents. Do you notice any relationship between
symmetrical components of line and delta current comment? (CSVTU April-May
2011)

Ans: I a 0=2.58 ×10 ∠−26.15=0, I a 1=13.95 ∠41.93

−3

Q.8 A single phase resistive load of 100 KVA is connected across terminal BC of
balanced supply of 3KV. Calculate symmetrical component of the line current ?
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=19.24 ∠−150 , I a 2=19.24 ∠ 300

Q.9. A delta connected resistive load is connected across a balanced 3−∅ supply
of 400 V as shown in figure. Find the symmetrical component of line current &
delta current.

Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=27.85 ∠−30 , I a 2=12.97 ∠−44.93

Q.10. One conductor of a 3−∅ line is open. The current flowing through line a
is 10 A . the delta connected load is having z ohms per phase. The current in line
b is 10 A with phase difference of 1800 with current in line a, line c is open.
Find the symmetrical components of the line current . Assume line current in
line a as reference Draw suitable circuit diagram.
0
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=5.77 ∠−30 , I a 2=5.77 ∠ 30

Q.11. The line volt across a three phase star connected load are 100V, 150Vand
200Vrespectively determine. The symmetrical components of delta and star
voltages. (CSVTU Nov-Dec 2008)
Ans: V a 0 =0 ,V a 1=−134− j 50.5 ,V a 2=34+ j50.5

Q.12 The resolution of a set of three-phase unbalance voltage into symmetrical

components gave the following results:
V a =30∠−30 ˚ V ,V a =450 ∠0 ˚ V , V a =225∠ 40 ˚ V .
0 1 2
The components are I a =10 ∠190 ˚ A , I a =6 ∠20 ˚ A , I a =5 ∠50 ˚ A
0 1 2

Determine the complex power represented by these voltage and currents by

symmetrical components. (CSVTU April-May 2012)
Ans: Complex power with symmetrical component =(10245.78− j 2777.9) VA

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-3 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -3 “Fault Calculation”

Q. 1. An 11KV 25 MVA synchronous generator has positive negative & zero

sequence reactance of 0.12, 0.12 & 0.8 per unit respectively. The generator
neutral is grounded through a reactance of 0.03 per single line to ground
fault occur at the generation terminal Determiner the fault current.
Ans: I f =9601.075 A

Q. 2.Draw all the sequence networks for the system showing in figure.
Determine fault current when L-G fault occur at point F. The per unit
reactance all referred to the same base are as follows .Assuming all voltage is
per unit voltage.

Ans: I f =− j 6.42 p . u

Q.3. A 3-∅ 10 MVA 11KV synchronous generator with a solidly grounded neutral
point supply a feeder . The relevant impedance of the generator & feeder are
as follows
Generator Feeder
Positive j 1.2 Ω j 1Ω
Negative j 0.9 Ω jΩ
Zero j 0.4 Ω j3Ω
A fault from one phase to ground occur at the far end of the feeder . Determine
fault current .
Ans: I f =2.54 KAmp
Q.4.Two 11 KV, 20 MVA,3-ϕ star connected generator operates in parallel as
shown in figure . The positive ,negative & zero sequence reactance are J0.10 p.
unit . The star point of one of the generator is isolated & that of the earth is
through fault occur at the terminal of one of the generator. Estimate (a) fault
current (b) current in grounding resistor, and (c) the voltage across grounding
resistor

(CSVTU April-May 2008,Nov-Dec2012)

Ans: I f =2.823− j0.754 p . u , I n=3.07 kA , V f =6.14 k V

Q.5. A 3-∅, 11KV, 20MVA generation with +ve, -ve & zero sequence reactance
as j0.4 p.u. j0.4 p.u. & j0.1 p.u. respectively is grounded through a reactance
of 0.6Ω . Calculated the fault current for a single line to ground fault .
Ans: I f =2.506 ∠−90° p .u

Q.6. A salient pole generator without damper is rated 20 MVA ,13.8 KV &
has a direct axis sub transient reactance of 0.25J p.u. The negative & zero
sequence reactance’s are respectively 0.35J & 0.10J p.u. The neutral of
generator is solidly ground .Determine the sub transient current in the
generator & line to line voltage for sub transient cond n when line to line
fault occur at the generator terminal .
Ans: I f =2.887 ∠180° p .u . , V ab=1.751 p . u . ,V bc=0V ca=1.751 ∠180° p .u

Q. 7. Find the sub transient current & line to line voltage at the fault under
sub transient cond n when a line to line fault occur at the terminal of a
generator rated 20 MVA, 13.8 KV has a sub transient reactance of j0.5p.u. &
negative an zero reactance’s of j0.18 & j 0.2 respectively . The neutral is
solidly grounded.
Ans V ab=0.795 p . u .V bc=0 ,V ca =1.795 ∠180°

Q.8 A 25 MVA 13.2 alternator with solidly grounded neutral has a sub
transient reactance of j0.25 p.u. The negative & zero sequence reactance are j
0.35 p.u. & j0.1 p.u. respectively . A single line to ground fault occur at the
terminal of unloaded alternator. Determine the fault current & line to line
voltage (CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011, April-May 2012)
Ans: l f =4.286 ∠−90 °

Q.9. Determine the fault current and line to line voltage at the fault when a
line voltage at the fault occur at the terminal of alternator described in
precious example .
Ans: I f =2.887 ∠180° p .u
Q.10. A 50 MVA , 11KV ,3-∅ synchronous generator was subjected to different
types of fault. The fault are as follows ⟶
L-G fault ⟶ 4200 A, L-L fault ⟶ 2600 A, L-L-L fault ⟶ 2000 A
The generator neutral is solidly grounded . Find the per unit value of three
sequence reactance of generator . (CSVTU Nov-dec2009)
Ans: X 0 p .u .=0.126 p .u , X 1 p .u .=1.312 p .u , X 2 p .u .=0.43 p . u

Q.11. A 50 MVA , 11KV , 3-∅ alternator was subjected to different types of

faults . The fault current where 3-∅ fault equal to 1870 A line fault is 2590 A
& L-G fault 4130 A.
The alternation neutral is solidly ground . Find per unit value of 3 sequence
reactance of alternator . (CSVTU April-May 2008)
Ans: X 0 p .u=0.151 p .u . X 1=1.403 p .u . X 2 =0.352 p . u

Q. 12. A 3-∅ transmission line operatic at 33 KV and having a resistance and

reactance 6Ω & 24 Ω respectively is connected to the generating station bus
bar through a 6 MVA step up transfers – one 12 MVA & having 10% reactance
and another 6MVA having 7.5 % reactance. Calculate the KVA at short circuit
fault between base occurring at the high voltage terminal of the transformer
& at load end of the transmission line.
Ans: 1) 66.67 ∠−90 ° MVA ,2)26.791 ∠−81.495 ° MVA

Q. 13 The plant capacity of a 3-∅ generating station consisting of two 12 MVA

generators of reactance 10% each and one 6 MVA generator of reactance
15%.The generators are connected to the station bus bar from which load is
taken though three 6 MVA step up transformers each having reactance of 5% .
Determine short circuit MVA if fault is →
(a) at low voltage side of 1st X mer(b) high voltage side of 1st X mer
Ans: Short circuit . ( a ) MVA=279.07 ∠90° MVA ( b ) 83.916 ∠ 90 ° MVA

Q.14. The section bar A & B are linked by a bus bar reactor rated at 6 MVA
with 10% reactance . On bus bar A there are two generators each of 12 MVA
with 10% reactance & on B two generators each of 10 MVA with 10%
reactance . Find short circuit MVA at fault point F as shown in fig

Ans: Short circuit MVA ¿ 12/ j 0.0483=1248.44 ∠ 90°

Q.15. A 25 MVA , 11 KV generator with X=20% is connected through a

transformer line & step down transformer that supply 3 identical motors as
'' '
shown in figure Each motor has X d =25 % X d =30 % on of 5 MVA , 6.6 KV , 3-∅
rating of step down transformer is 25 MVA 11/66 KV with a leakage reactance
10% & that of step-down transformer is 25 MVA , 66/6.6 KV with a leakage
 reactance of 10% . The bus voltage of motor is 6.6 KV when a 3- ∅ fault occur
at the point F for the specified fault . calculate →
(a) Sub transient current in the fault .
(b) Sub transient current in the breaker B .
(c) The momentary current in the breaker B .
(d) The current to be interrupted by breaker B in five cycles.
(CSVTU April-May 2008)

Ans:
(a) Sub transient current in the fault¿ 10705.037 A
(b) I m = j 1.6 p .u . , I g = j 2.495 p . u . , I f =8955.491 A
f f actual

(c) finding momentary current ¿ 14328.786 A

(d)After 5 cycles , I f =3.825 J pu

Q.16.A synchronous generator and a synchronous motor each rated 25MVA ,

11MVA having 15% sub transient reactance are connected through transformer
a line as shown in figure . The transformers are rated 25 MVA, 11/66KV
&66/11KV with leakage reactance of 10% each . The line has a reactance of
10% on a base of 25 MVA, 66KV . The motor is drawing15KW at 0.8 power
factor leading & a terminal voltage of 10.6KV .When a 3- ∅ symmetrical fault
occur at the motor terminal find the sub transient current in generator , motor
& fault (CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011 April-may 2011, Nov-Dec2010)

Ans :I f actual=1312.16× 8.58=11258.33 A

Q.17. A 15 MVA, 6.9 kV generator, star connected hs positive, negative and zero
sequence reactance of 25%,25% and 8% respectively. In order to reduce the
current in case of a falut to ground an inductive reactor with 6% reactance
is corrected between neutral and ground. A line to line fault occurs at the
terminals of the generator when it is operating at rated voltage at no load
condition. Find the initial symmetrical line current and voltage drop from
line to neutral. (CSVTU April- may 2008)
(i) If the fault does not involve ground
(ii) If the fault is solidly grounded at the instant of its occurance

Ans : 1 p . u and, V a =1.022 p .u

 Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-4 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 4 “Power System Stability”

Q.1 . The A,B,C,& D Constants of a nominal π n/w representing a 3-ϕ

transmission line are A=D= 0.97 ∠ 0.6
B=60 ∠70 ° ,C=0.001 ∠ 91 °, Find the steady state stability limit ¿ ¿) F both the
sending end & receiving and voltage are held constant at 132 KV.
(a). With the A,B,C,D Constants as given.
(b). With the Shunt admittance neglected.
(c). with both the series resistance and shunt admittance neglected.
(CSVTU April-May 2012)
Ans: ( a ) Pmax =191.29 MW , ( b ) Pmax =191.077 MW ( c ) Pmax =309.046 MW

Q.2. For the system shown in figure, an inductor of reactance 0.6 p.u./phase is
connected at the midpoint of transmission line. Determine the steady state
power limit under the following conditions . When inductor switch S is open.
Ans: Pe =0.8 ∠−90 ° pu

Q.3. A two pole 50 Hz 60 MVA turbo alternator has a moment of inertia of

3 2
9 ×10 kg−m calculate
a) The kinetic energy in MJ at rated speed
b) The inertia constant M and H
c) The inertia constant on 50 MVA base:
Ans:
(a) Kinetic energy stored:444 MJ
7.4 MJ
(b) H=
MVA
(c) 9.86 ×10−4 pu

Q.4. A loss free generator supply 5 to an infinite bus. The steady state limit of
the system being 100 MW. Determine whether the generator will remain in
synchronism If the prime mover input is increased by 30 MW.
(CSVTU Noe-Dec2009)
Ans: 1A < A 2 Hence system will remain in synchronism.

Q.5. A loss free generator supplying 80 MW to an infinite bus bar steady state
limit of system is 150 MW & prime mover input is increased by 40 MW.
Determine whether the system will remain in synchronism.
Ans: A1 < A2 ,Hence, system will remain in synchronism.

Q.6. A double circuit 3-ϕ feeder connected a single generator to large n/w The
power corresponding to limit of steady state stability for each circuit is 100
MW. The line is transmitting 80 MW. When one of the circuit is suddenly
switched off, determine with the appropriate diagram, whether the generator is
likely to remain in synchronism.
Ans: A1 < A2 Hence generator is likely to remain in Synchronism.

Q.7. A generator is delivering 60% of its maximum power to an infinite bus. A

fault occurs which increases the reactance between generator & infinite bus to
3 times its original value before fault. When the fault is cleared, the maximum
power limit is 80% of maximum power before fault. Find out critical -clearing
angle. (CSVTU Nov-dec2011 April-may 2011)
Ans:δ c =65.41 °

Q.8 A synchronous motor is receiving 25 % of the power that it is capable of

receiving from an infinite bus. If the load is doubled , determine the maximum
value of the load angel. (CSVTU Nov-Dec2010)
0
Ans: δ m=46.4 =0.7 red

Q.9 Give the system of Fig. where a three-phase fault is applied at the point P
as shown.

Find the critical clearing angle for clearing the fault with simultaneous
opening of the breakers 1 and 2. The reactance values of various components
are indicated on the diagram. The generator is delivering 1.0 pu power at the
instant preceding the fault.
Ans: δ cr =55.80

Q .10.Find the critical clearing angle for the system shown in Fig. for a three-
phase fault at the point P The generator is delivering 1.0 pu power under
prefault conditions. (CSVTU April-May 2009)
 0
Ans: δ cr =49.1

Q.11.A generator operating at 50 Hz delivers 1 pu power to an infinite bus

through a transmission circuit in which resistance is ignored. A fault takes place
reducing the maximum power transferable to 0.5 pu whereas before the fault,
this power was 2.0 pu and after the clearance of the fault, it is 1.5 pu. By the use
of equal area criterion, determine the critical clearing angle.
(CSVTU April-May 2010)
0
Ans: δ cr =70.3

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-5 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 5 (Part - A) “Economic operation of power systems”

Q.1. The fuel cost of two unit plant are given by

C 1=100+2 P 1+ 0.005 P21∧C 2=200+2 P2 +0.01 P 22 Where P1∧P2 are in M.W. the plant
Supply a load of 450 M.W. Find economic load scheduling of the two unit &
the incremental fuel cost neglect losses.
(CSVTU April-May 2008)
Ans :5 M .W .hrs

Q.2 On the System Consisting of two generating plant the incremental Cost in
d C1 150∧d C 2
Rs/M.W. Hrs With P1∧P2 in M.W. Hour =0.15 P 1+ =0.25 P 2+175 the
d P1 d P2
.∧d P L
System is operating on economic dispatch with P1=P2=200 M .W =0.2 .
d P2
Find the penalty Factor of plant 1.
Ans: L1=1.56

Q.3. A power System has 2 generating plant and the power being dispatch
economic with P1=150 M .W .∧P 2=275 M . W .the loss Co-efficient are B11=0.10 ×100
−2

, B12=−0.01 ×10−2 & B22=0.13 ×10−2. To rise the total load on the system by 1 M.W.
will Cost and additional Rs. 200 Per hours. (CSVTU April-May 2011)
Find:-
(a). Penalty Factor of plant 1.
(b). The additional Cost Per hours to increase the O/P of Plant 1 by 1 M.W.
d C1 Rs .
Ans: =151 M . W . hr .
d P1

Q.4. In a two plant System the entire load is located at plant 2 which is
connected by plant 1 by transmission Line. The Plant Supply 100 M.W. of a
power with a correspond mission Loss of 5 M.W. Calculate the Penalty factor
for the 2 Plant.
Ans : L2=1
Q.5. The two unit of a power System have Following Cost Curve.
2 Rs 2 Rs
C 1=0.1 P 1+ 40 P 1+120 & C 2=0.2 P 2+30 P2 +100 . The daily load Curve of a
hr hrs
power System as Shown in Fig.

Consider the 24 hours period from 6 a.m. morning to 6 a.m. next morning it be
more economic al to keep both the unit in Service for this 24 hours period or to
remove one of the unit service from 12 hours for the light load.
Assume that a cost of Rs.400 is increased in taking either unit of the line to
returning it is Service after 12 hours.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2012)
Ans: The total cost of expenditure option (i) is less it will be more economic to run both
genr Continuous for 24 hrs.

Q.6 A System Consist of two Plant Connected by a mission Line & load that is
located at Plant 2 data for the loss equation consist for the inform that 100
MW transmitted from plant 1 of the load result in a loss of 10 M. The
incremental fuel cost to the two unit can be show the following eqn.
d C1
=0.007 P1+ 4.1 Rs / MW . hrs
d P1
d C2
=0.014 P2 +4.6 Rs /MW .hrs .
d P2
Calculate the value listed below for the System λ=6.5 Rs/ MW . hrsCalculate :-
(a). P1∧P2 & Power deliver E0 the load for economic dispatch ( Loss is
considered)
(b). P1∧P2 If total Power is taken as Part (a) & Power deliver to the load for
economic dispatch (Loss is neglected)
Ans: P1=184.68 W ∧, P2 =56.62W

Q.7. The increment Fuel Cost for two unit of Plant is

d F1 176∧d F 1
=0.8 P 1+ =0.96 P2+ 128. where f is Rs/hrs . & P is MW Find the saving
d P1 d P2
in Rs/hrs for economic load distribution. Compare with their saving the O/P
equality when total O/P is 150 MW. (CSVTU Nov-
dec 2011)
Ans: Saving = 371 Rs /hrs
Q.8. The Fuel input of per hour of plant 1 & 2 are given as
2 2
F 1=0.2 P 1+ 40 p ,+120 Rs /hrs F 2=0.25 P2+ 30 P2 +150 Rs/ hrs Determine the economic
operating Scheduled & the Corresponding cost of generation. If the Max m &
m
Min loading of each unit is 100 MW & 25 MW & demand is 180 MW. The
mission Losses is neglected.
If the load is equality shared by the both unit determine the saving obtained by
load per unit as equal incremental production Cost.
Ans: Saving ¿ 1.32 Rs / hrs

Q.9. The Fuel cost of two unit plant is given by:-

2
C 1=100+2 P 1+ 0.005 P1
2
C 2=200+2 P2+ 0.01 P2
Where P1∧P2 are in MW. The plant supplies a load of 450 MW. Find the
economic load Scheduling of the two units and the incremental fuel cost
Neglect. (CSVTU April-May 2008)
Ans:¿ 5 M . W . hrs. Answer

Q.10. The fuel input per hour of two plant are given as
F 1=0.2 P 21+ 40 P 1+120 Rs/ Hr
2
F 2=0.2 5 P2 +30 P2 +150 Rs / Hr
Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding
cost of generation if the maximum and minimum loading of each unit is 100
MW and 25 MW , the demand is 180 MW and the transmission losses are
neglected . if the load is equally shared by both unit , determine the saving
obtained by loading the unit as per equal incremental production cost.
(CSVTU April May 2009)
Ans: Saving=1.32 Answer

Q.11. For the System Shown below the voltage at bus C is V c =1.0 ∟0 p.u. The
Current in the line AC & BC are 1.05 ∟0 P .V . & 0.9 ∟0 P . V . respectively. The
line impedance are as follows.
Z AC =( 0.05+J 0.20 ) P . V .
Z BC =( 0.04+ J 0.16 ) P . V .
ZCD = ( 0.03+J 0.12 ) P .V .
Find the Loss Co-efficient and Mission Loss.
(CSVTU Nov –Dec 2009)

Ans: P L=0.207 P . U .
Q.12. On the System Consisting of two generating plant the incremental costs
in rupees per Mega Walt hours with P1∧P2 in Mega Walt are:-
d C1
=0.15 P 1+150
d P1
d C2
=0.25 P 2+17 5
d P2
MW ∧∂ PL
Given P1=P2=200 Find penality factot for plant 1.
∂ P2
Ans: L1=1.5625

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-5 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 5 (Part - B) “Load Flow Analysis”

Q.3. Determine Y BUS for 4-bus system shown in figure. The linae series
impedances are as follows:
Line(bus to bus) Impedance(pu)
1-2 0.25+ j1.0
1-3 0.20+ j0.8
1-4 0.3+ j 1.2
2-3 0.2+ j 0.8
3-4 0.15+ j 0.6
 Ans:

[ ]
(0.725− j 2.9) −(0.235− j 0.94) −(0.294− j 1.176) −( 0.196− j0.784 )
−(0.235− j 0.94) 0.529− j 2.116 −( 0.294− j 1.176 ) 0
¿
−(0.294− j 1.176) −(0.294− j 1.176) (0.98− j 3.92) −(0.392− j 1.568)
−(0.196− j 0.784) 0 −(0.392− j 1.568) 0.588+ j2.352

Q.4. Determine Y BUS for the 3-bus system. Line series

Impedances are:
Line (bus to bus) Impedance(pu)
1-2 0.06+ j0.18
1-3 0.03+ j0.09
2-3 0.08+ j0.24

Ans:

[ ]
5− j 15 −(1.66− j5) −(1.25− j3.75)
Y Bus = −(1.66− j 5) 2.91− j 8.75 −(1.25− j3.75)
−(1.25− j 3.75) −(1.25− j 3.75) 4.58− j13.75
Q.5. Per unit Impedance are indicated Shunt admittance be neglected.
Determine Y bus (CSVTU April-May 2010)
 Ans :

[ ]
0.47−J 1.88 −2.35+ J 9.411 −0.588+J 2.35 0
¿ −2.35+ J 9.411 0.692−J 2.768 −0.294+ j 11.76 −1.470+ j 5.88
−0.588+ J 2.35 −0.294+ j 11.76 0.346−J 1.384 −1.176+ j 4.70
0 −1.470+ j5.88 −1.176+ j 4.70 0.653−J 2.614

Q.6. Determine Y bus for the five bus system shown in fig

Ans:

[ ]
− j12 j5 0 j2 j5
j5 − j9 j 4 0 0
Y bus = 0 j 4 − j7.33 j3.33 0
j2 0 j3.33 − j9.33 j 4
j5 0 0 j 4 − j9

Q.13. A three bus power system shown in figure .The relevant per unit line
admittances on 100 MVA base are indicated on diagram and bus data are
in table. Form Y and determine voltages at bus 2 and 3 bus after first
iteration using Gasuss-Seidal method. Take acceleration factor α =1.6 .
 Ans :The voltage at the end of first iteration
(1 ) 0
V 1 =1.02∠ 0
V (12 )=.992− j0.0499
(1 )
V 3 =0.9536− j 0.1509

Q.14. Fig. shows the one-line diagram of a simple three bus power system with
generation at bus 1.The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05
p.u of line impedances are marked in p.u. on a 100 MVA base. Using Gauss-
Seidel method, determine the phasor values of the voltage at load buses 2
& 3 (P-Q buses) after first iteration.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

(1 ) (1 )
Ans: V 2 =0.9825+ j. 09 V 3 =1.0011− j 0.0358

Q.15. The following data is the system data for a load flow solution. 7
Bus Code Admittance
1-2 2-j8.0
1-3 1-j4
2-3 0.666-j2.664
2-4 1-j4
3-4 2-j8
The schedule of active and reactive power.
 Bus Code P Q V Remarks
1 - - 1.06 Slack bus
2 0.5 0.2 1+j0 PQ bus
3 0.4 0.3 1+j0 PQ
4 0.3 0.1 1+j0 PQ
Determine the voltage at the end of font iteration using Gauss –Siedal
method. Take α =1.6. (CSVTU Nov-Dec2011,April-May 2010,April-
May 2012)
Ans: V 3 acc =0.98864−0.0528 j

Q.16. For the n/w shown in Fig. Obtain the Complex bus bar voltage at bus 2 at
the end of the first iteration use Gauss-Seidel Method Line Impedance Shown in
Fig.
(CSVTU April –May2009)
V 1=1 . 0 ∟0 ° , P2 + j Q2=−5 . 96+ j1 . 46
¿ V 3∨¿ 1 . 02
Assume V 03=1. 02 ∟0 °∧V 02 =1∟ 0°

(1)
Ans :V 2 =0.995− j0.0312