Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Tutorial Sheet 1 (2012-2013)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -1 “Per Unit Quantity”
Q.1. A 100 MVA, 13.8 KV, 3-phase generator has a reactance of 20%. The generator is
connected to a 3-phase transformer T 1rated 100 MVA 12.5 KV 1110 KV with 10%
reactance. The h.v. side of the transformer is connected to a transmission line of
reactance 100 ohm. The far end of the line is connected to a step down transformer T 2
made of three single-phase transformers each rated 30 MVA, 60 KV / 10 KV with 10%
reactance the generator supplies two motors connected on the l.v. side T 2 as shown in
Fig.. The motors are rated at 25 MVA and 50 MVA both at 10 KV with 15% reactance.
Draw the reactance diagram showing all the values in per unit. Take generator rating
as base.
Ans; The reactance diagram is shown in Fig.

Q.2. A 30,000kVA 13.8 kV three phase generator has a subtransient reactance of

15 % .The generator supplies two motor over a transmission line having
transformer at both end as shown in fig. The motor have rated input of 20.000
and 10.000kVA both 12.5 kV with X ' ' =20 % . The three phase transformer T 1 is
rated 35,000 kVA ,13.2 ∆ - 115 Y kV with leakage reactance of 10 % .Transformer
T 2 is composed of three single phase transformer each rated 10,000 kVA 12.5 -67
kV with leakage reactance of 10 % . Series reactance of transmission line is 80 Ω.
Draw the reactance diagram with all reactance marked in per unit. Select the
generator rating as base in generator circuit.
(CSVTU April-May 2008,Nov-Dec 2008)
Q.3. Draw the per unit impedance diagram for the power system shown in fig and use
a base of 100 MVA ,220 kV in 50 Ω line . The rating of the generator motor and
transformer are
(CSVTU April-May 2009)

Gen - 40 MVA 25 kV X ' ' =20 %

Motor - 50 MVA 11 kV X ' ' =30 %
Transformer - 40 MVA 33 y /220 y kV X = 15 %
Transformer - 30 MVA 11∆ /220 y kV X = 15 %
Ans: Impedance diagram

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.4.
 The rating of the generators, motors and transformers are:
Generator 1:20MVA, 18KV, X” =20%
Generator 2:20 MVA, 18KV, X”=20%
Synchronous motor 3:30 MVA, 13.8KV, X” =20%
Three phase Y-Y transformers: 20MVA, 138 Y/20 Y KV, X =10%
Three phase Y-∆ transformers: 15 MVA, 138Y/13.8 ∆ KV, X =10%
(i) Draw reactance diagram with a base 50 MVA, 138 KV in the 40 Ω line .
(ii) If the voltage of bus c is 13.2 KV,when the motor draws 24 Megawatt at 0.8 p.f.
leading. Calculate the voltages of buses A and B. Assume that 2 generators share
load equally.
Find the voltages at A and B when the circuit breaker connecting generator 1 to bus A
is open while the motor draws 12 MW at 13.2 KV with 0.8 p.f. leading .All other circuit
breaker remain closed.
Ans: 1. Reactance diagram :-

2. V A =0.851 ∠10.8 Pu , V B=0.851 ∠ 10.8 Pu

3. V A =0.9173 ∠ 3.35 volt ,V B=0.8839∠6.778 volt

Q.5. A 19 MVA ,11 kV three phase generator has a reactance of 25 % .The generator
supplies two motor through transformer and transmission line as shown in fig . Taking
the generator rating as a base rating draw reactance diagram and indicate the
reactance in per unit. The reactance of the line is 100 Ω
(CSVTU April-May 2008, Nov-Dec 2009)
Data given
Transformer - 100 MVA , 11 /132 kV , 6 % reactance
Transformer - 30 MVA , 132/ 10 kV , 5 % reactance
Motor 1 - 50 MVA 10 kV , 15 % reactance
Motor 2 - 40 MVA 10 kV , 15 % reactance
Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.6. A 100 MVA, 33 KV, 3-phase generator has a sub-transient reactance to 15%. The
generator is connected to motor through a transmission line & transformers as shown
in Figure 1(b). The motor have rated inputs of 30 MVA , 20 MVA & 50 MVA at 30 KV with
20% sub transient reactance . The 3 –phase transformer are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV ∆
/110kV Y with leakage reactance 8% .The line has a reactance of 50Ω . Select the
generator rating as the base quantities in generator circuit determine the base
quantities in other part of the system & evaluate corresponding p.u. values.

(CSVTU April-May 2011)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.7. The one- line diagram of a three-phase power system is shown in Figure 1(c) .Select
a common base of 100 MVA & 22 kV on the generator side. Draw an impedance
diagram with all impedances marked in per unit.
G : 90 MVA 22kV X =18%
T 1: 50MVA 22/220 kV X = 10%
T 2: 40MVA 220/11kV X =6%
T 3: 40MVA 22/110kV X =6.4%
 T 4: 40MVA 110/11 kV X = 8.0%
M: 66.5MVA 10.45 kV X = 18.5 %
The three –phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA, 0.6 power factor lagging at 10.45
kV. Line 1 & 2 have reactances of 48.4 Ω & 65.43 Ω ,respectively. (CSVTU April-May
2011)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.8 . The one-line diagram of a three-phase power system is as shown in Figure.

Impedances are marked in per unit on a 100-MVA, 400-kV base. The load at bus 2 is S2
= 15.93 MW -j33.4 MVAr, and at bus 3 is S3 = 77 MW +j14 Mvar. It is required to hold
the voltage at bus 3 at 400∠0 kV. Working in per unit, determine the voltage at buses 2
and 1.

Ans: V 2=1.1 ∠ 16.26 PU , V 1=1.2 ∠ 36.87 PU

Q.9. For the system shown in figure below determine the generator voltage . Select base
MVA equal to 100 MVA and base voltage 15 kVA of the generator terminal.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

Ans V g=1.6128 ×15=24.188 KV

Q.10.Three parts of a single phase electric system are designated A, B, and C and are
connected to each other through transformer as shown in fig . The transformer are
rated as follows
A- B - 10000 kVA , 13.8 -138 kV leakage reactance 10%
B- C - 10000 kVA , 138 -69 kV leakage reactance 8%
If the base in the circuit B is chosen as 10000 kVA 138 kV . find the per unit
impedance of 300 ohm resistive load in circuit C referred to circuit C , B and A. Draw
impedance diagram neglecting magnetizing current , transformer resistance and line
impedance.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2009)

Ans: Impedance diagram

Q.11.A 300 MVA, 20 KV three phase generator has a subtransient reactance of 20% .
The generator supplies two synchronous motors over a 64 km transmission line having
transformers at both ends. Rated inputs to the motors are 200 MVA and 100 MVA for
M 1 and M 2 respectively. For both motor X” = 20% The step up transformer is rated 350
MVA, 20/230 KV with leakage reactance of 10% . The step down transformer is
composed of three single phase transformer each rated 127/13.2 KV , 100 MVA with
Ω
leakage reactance of 10 %. Series reactance of the transmission line is 0.5 . If M 1
km
and M 2 have inputs of 120 and 60 MW reaspectively at 13.2 KV , and both operate at
unity power factor, find the voltage at the terminals of the generator.

0
Ans: V g=0.9826 ∠ 13.20
Q.12. Single line diagram of a 50 Hz power system is show below: 7
The system Rating are :

Generator G1- 20MVA , 11KV, X” =50%

G2- 5 MVA , 5 KV, X “ =10%
G3 10 MVA , 33KV , X”=75%

Transformer T1-5MVA , 120 Y/11 KV, X =10%

T2- 15 MVA , 120Y/11KV. X =20%
T3-10 MVA , 120Y/33 KV, X =10%
Transmission line reactance diagram choosing the G1 Circuit As the base.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2010)
Ans: Impedance diagram

=
Q.13. Draw an impedance diagram for the one line diagram shown in Fig. 1 using a
base voltage of 132 KV for the transmission line and a base volt ampere of 20 MVA.

Reactance’s of all machines are expressed in p.u. on their own bases.

(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011)
Ans: Impedance diagram
 Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-2 (2012-2013)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -2 “Symmetrical Component”
Q.1. The line-to-line voltages in an un-balanced 3−ϕ supply are
V ab=1000 ∠ 0 ˚ , V bc =866.0254 ∠−150˚ ,∧V ca=500 ∠ 120 ˚ .
Determine the symmetrical components for line and phase voltages.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2012)
Ans: V ab 1=[ 285.788 ∠ 30˚ ] , V an 1=164 ∠ 0 ° ,V ab 2=[ 756.124 ∠−10.89 ˚ ] , V an 2=436.54 ∠ 19.11 °

Q .2. The line current in amperes in phases a,b, c, respectively are

500+ j150 , 100− j600 and −300+ j600 referred to the same reoffered vector. Find the
symmetrical components of currents.
(CSVTU April-May 2010)
Ans: I a 0=111.80 ∠ 26.56 , I a 1=570.915 ∠ 16.84 , I a 2=160.38∠−155.90
Q.3. A delta connected resistive load is connected across a balanced 3−∅ supply of 400
V as shown in figure. Find the symmetrical component of line current & delta current.
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=27.85 ∠−30 , I a 2=12.97 ∠−44.93

Q.4. The resolution of a set of three-phase unbalance voltage into symmetrical

components gave the following results:
V a =30∠−30 ˚ V ,V a =450 ∠0 ˚ V , V a =225∠ 40 ˚ V .
0 1 2

The components are I a =10 ∠190 ˚ A , I a =6 ∠20 ˚ A , I a =5 ∠50 ˚ A

0 1 2

Determine the complex power represented by these voltage and currents by symmetrical
components. (CSVTU April-May 2012)
Ans: Complex power with symmetrical component =(10245.78− j 2777.9) VA

Q. 5. Determine the Symmetrical components of current in 3−∅ system the original

phasors of which are. (CSVTU April-May 2009)
I a=( 12+ j 6 ) Amp . I b =( 12− j 12 ) Amp . I c =(−15+ j10 ) Amp .
Ans: I a 0=3.283 ∠ 23.96 , I a 1=11.62 ∠ 46.732 , I a 2 =5.766∠−108.723

Q.6. A single phase resistive load of 100 KVA is connected across terminal BC of
balanced supply of 3KV. Calculate symmetrical component of the line current ?
0
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=19.24 ∠−150 , I a 2=19.24 ∠ 30
Q.7. The voltages at the terminals of a balanced load consisting of 3 (10 ) resistors,
connected in Y are
V ab=100 ∠0 ° , V bc =90 ∠240° , V ca =95 .5 ∠125 ° V .
Determine a general expression for the relation between the symmetrical components of
the line and phase voltages that is between V ab and V an and between V ab 2 and V an 2
.Assume that there is no connection to the neutral of the load .Find the line current
from the symmetrical components of the given line voltages.
Ans: I a 1=5.489 ∠ 28.33° , I a 2=0.326 ∠−0.46 ° , I a=5.77 ∠ 26.8 °
Q .8. In a 3−ϕ 4 wire system, the currents R,Y,B, lines under abnormal conditions of
loading are as follows.
⃗
I R =100∠30 A , ⃗
0
I Y =50∠300 A , ⃗
0 0
I B=30 ∠ 180 A
Calculate the positive, negative and zero sequence in the R- line and return current in
neutral wire.
Solution:
Ans: I R0 =27.29∠ 4.692 , I R 1=57.98∠ 43.29, I R2 =18.92∠24.960 , I n =81.87 ∠ 4.69

Q .9. The current flowing in a line towards a balanced load connected in delta
I A=100 ∠ 0 , I B=141.4 ∠225 0 , I C =100 ∠900
Determine a general expression for the relation b/w the symmetrical components of line
currents and phase currents in load i.e. between I A 1 and I ab 1& I A 2& I ab 2 . find I ab for its
symmetrical components. (CSVTU Aril-May 2011)
Ans: I A 0=0 , I A 1=111.52 ∠−15 , I A 2=29.87 ∠105
Q.10. The line volt across a three phase star connected load are 100V, 150Vand
200Vrespectively determine. The symmetrical components of delta and star voltages.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2008)
Ans: V a 0 =0 ,V a 1=−134− j 50.5 ,V a 2=34+ j50.5

Q.11. A single phase resistive load of 100 KVA is connected across terminal BC of
balanced supply of 3KV. Calculate symmetrical component of the line current ?
0
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=19.24 ∠−150 , I a 2=19.24 ∠ 30
Q.12. One conductor of a 3−∅ line is open. The current flowing through line a is 10 A .
the delta connected load is having z ohms per phase. The current in line b is 10 A with
phase difference of 1800 with current in line a, line c is open. Find the symmetrical
components of the line current . Assume line current in line a as reference Draw
suitable circuit diagram.
0
Ans: I a 0=0 , I a 1=5.77 ∠−30 , I a 2=5.77 ∠ 30
Q .13. A delta connected balanced resistive load is connected across an unbalanced
3−ϕ supply as shown in fig with currents in lines A & B specified, find the symmetrical
components of line current. Also find the symmetrical components of delta currents. Do
you notice any relationship between symmetrical components of line and delta current
comment? (CSVTU April-May 2011)

∠−26.15=0, I a 1=13.95 ∠ 41.93

−3
Ans: I a 0=2.58 ×10

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-3 (2012-2013)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit -3 “Fault Calculation”
Q1. A 25 MVA 13.2 alternator with solidly grounded neutral has a sub transient
reactance of j0.25 p.u. The negative & zero sequence reactance are j 0.35 p.u. & j0.1
p.u. respectively . A single line to ground fault occur at the terminal of unloaded
alternator. Determine the fault current & line to line voltage
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011, April-May 2012)
Ans: l f =4.286 ∠−90 °
Q. 2. An 11KV 25 MVA synchronous generator has positive negative & zero sequence
reactance of 0.12, 0.12 & 0.8 per unit respectively. The generator neutral is grounded
through a reactance of 0.03 per single line to ground fault occur at the generation
terminal Determiner the fault current.
Ans: I f =9601.075 A
Q.3.Two 11 KV, 20 MVA,3-ϕ star connected generator operates in parallel as shown in
figure . The positive ,negative & zero sequence reactance are J0.10 p. unit . The star
point of one of the generator is isolated & that of the earth is through fault occur at
the terminal of one of the generator. Estimate (a) fault current (b) current in grounding
resistor, and (c) the voltage across grounding resistor

(CSVTU April-May 2008,Nov-Dec2012)

Ans: I f =2.823− j0.754 p . u , I n=3.07 kA , V f =6.14 k V
Q.4. A 50 MVA , 11KV ,3-∅ synchronous generator was subjected to different types of
fault. The fault are as follows ⟶
L-G fault ⟶ 4200 A, L-L fault ⟶ 2600 A, L-L-L fault ⟶ 2000 A
The generator neutral is solidly grounded . Find the per unit value of three sequence
reactance of generator . (CSVTU Nov-dec2009)
Ans: X 0 p .u .=0.126 p .u , X 1 p .u .=1.312 p .u , X 2 p .u .=0.43 p . u
Q.5. A 25 MVA , 11 KV generator with X=20% is connected through a transformer line
& step down transformer that supply 3 identical motors as shown in figure Each
'' '
motor has X d =25 % X d =30 % on of 5 MVA , 6.6 KV , 3-∅ rating of step down
transformer is 25 MVA 11/66 KV with a leakage reactance 10% & that of step-down
transformer is 25 MVA , 66/6.6 KV with a leakage reactance of 10% . The bus voltage
of motor is 6.6 KV when a 3-∅ fault occur at the point F for the specified fault .
calculate →
(a) Sub transient current in the fault .
(b) Sub transient current in the breaker B .
(c) The momentary current in the breaker B .
(d) The current to be interrupted by breaker B in five cycles.
(CSVTU April-May 2008)

Ans:
(a) Sub transient current in the fault¿ 10705.037 A
(b) I m = j 1.6 p .u . , I g = j 2.495 p . u . , I f =8955.491 A
f f actual

(c) finding momentary current ¿ 14328.786 A

(d) After 5 cycles , I f =3.825 J pu
Q. 6. A 3-∅ transmission line operatic at 33 KV and having a resistance and reactance
6Ω & 24 Ω respectively is connected to the generating station bus bar through a 6 MVA
step up transfers – one 12 MVA & having 10% reactance and another 6MVA having 7.5
% reactance. Calculate the KVA at short circuit fault between base occurring at the
high voltage terminal of the transformer & at load end of the transmission line.
Ans: 1) 66.67 ∠−90 ° MVA ,2)26.791 ∠−81.495 ° MVA
(e)
Q. 7. Find the sub transient current & line to line voltage at the fault under sub
transient cond n when a line to line fault occur at the terminal of a generator rated 20
MVA, 13.8 KV has a sub transient reactance of j0.5p.u. & negative an zero reactance’s
of j0.18 & j 0.2 respectively . The neutral is solidly grounded.
Ans V ab =0.795 p . u .V bc=0 ,V ca =1.795 ∠180°
Q.8. A 15 MVA, 6.9 kV generator, star connected hs positive, negative and zero sequence
reactance of 25%,25% and 8% respectively. In order to reduce the current in case of
a falut to ground an inductive reactor with 6% reactance is corrected between
neutral and ground. A line to line fault occurs at the terminals of the generator
when it is operating at rated voltage at no load condition. Find the initial
symmetrical line current and voltage drop from line to neutral.
(CSVTU April- may 2008)
(i) If the fault does not involve ground
(ii) If the fault is solidly grounded at the instant of its occurance

Ans : 1 p . u and, V a =1.022 p .u

Q.9. A 3-∅ 10 MVA 11KV synchronous generator with a solidly grounded neutral point
supply a feeder . The relevant impedance of the generator & feeder are as follows
Generator Feeder
Positive j 1.2 Ω j 1Ω
Negative j 0.9 Ω jΩ
Zero j 0.4 Ω j3Ω
A fault from one phase to ground occur at the far end of the feeder . Determine fault
current .
Ans: I f =2.54 KAmp
Q.10.A synchronous generator and a synchronous motor each rated 25MVA , 11MVA
having 15% sub transient reactance are connected through transformer a line as
shown in figure . The transformers are rated 25 MVA, 11/66KV &66/11KV with leakage
reactance of 10% each . The line has a reactance of 10% on a base of 25 MVA, 66KV .
The motor is drawing15KW at 0.8 power factor leading & a terminal voltage of
10.6KV .When a 3-∅ symmetrical fault occur at the motor terminal find the sub
transient current in generator , motor & fault (CSVTU Nov-Dec 2011 April-may 2011,
Nov-Dec2010)

Ans :I f actual=1312.16× 8.58=11258.33 A

Q.11. A 3-∅, 11KV, 20MVA generation with +ve, -ve & zero sequence reactance as j0.4
p.u. j0.4 p.u. & j0.1 p.u. respectively is grounded through a reactance of 0.6Ω .
Calculated the fault current for a single line to ground fault .
Ans: I f =2.506 ∠−90° p .u
Q.12. The section bar A & B are linked by a bus bar reactor rated at 6 MVA with
10% reactance . On bus bar A there are two generators each of 12 MVA with 10%
 reactance & on B two generators each of 10 MVA with 10% reactance . Find short
circuit MVA at fault point F as shown in fig

Ans: Short circuit MVA ¿ 12/ j 0.0483=1248.44 ∠ 90°

Q.13. Determine the fault current and line to line voltage at the fault when a line
voltage at the fault occur at the terminal of alternator described in precious
example .
Ans: I f =2.887 ∠180° p .u
Q. 14 The plant capacity of a 3-∅ generating station consisting of two 12 MVA
generators of reactance 10% each and one 6 MVA generator of reactance 15%.The
generators are connected to the station bus bar from which load is taken though
three 6 MVA step up transformers each having reactance of 5% . Determine short
circuit MVA if fault is →
(a) at low voltage side of 1st X mer(b) high voltage side of 1st X mer
Ans: Short circuit . ( a ) MVA=279.07 ∠90° MVA ( b ) 83.916 ∠ 90 ° MVA
Q. 15.Draw all the sequence networks for the system showing in figure. Determine fault
current when L-G fault occur at point F. The per unit reactance all referred to the
same base are as follows .Assuming all voltage is per unit voltage.

Ans: I f =− j 6.42 p . u
Q.16. A salient pole generator without damper is rated 20 MVA ,13.8 KV & has a
direct axis sub transient reactance of 0.25J p.u. The negative & zero sequence
reactance’s are respectively 0.35J & 0.10J p.u. The neutral of generator is solidly
ground .Determine the sub transient current in the generator & line to line voltage
for sub transient cond n when line to line fault occur at the generator terminal .
Ans: I f =2.887 ∠ 180° p .u . , V ab =1.751 p . u . ,V bc=0V ca=1.751 ∠180° p .u
Q.17. A 50 MVA , 11KV , 3-∅ alternator was subjected to different types of faults .
The fault current where 3-∅ fault equal to 1870 A line fault is 2590 A & L-G fault
4130 A.
 The alternation neutral is solidly ground . Find per unit value of 3 sequence
reactance of alternator . (CSVTU April-May 2008)
Ans: X 0 p .u=0.151 p .u . X 1=1.403 p .u . X 2 =0.352 p . u

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-4 (2012-2013)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 4 “Power System Stability”
Q.1. A two pole 50 Hz 60 MVA turbo alternator has a moment of inertia of 9 ×10 3 kg−m 2
calculate
a) The kinetic energy in MJ at rated speed
b) The inertia constant M and H
c) The inertia constant on 50 MVA base:
Ans:
(a) Kinetic energy stored:444 MJ
7.4 MJ
(b) H=
MVA
(c) 9.86 ×10−4 pu

Q.2 . The A,B,C,& D Constants of a nominal π n/w representing a 3-ϕ transmission line
are A=D= 0.97 ∠ 0.6
B=60 ∠70 ° ,C=0.001 ∠ 91 °, Find the steady state stability limit ¿ ¿) F both the sending
end & receiving and voltage are held constant at 132 KV.
(a). With the A,B,C,D Constants as given.
(b). With the Shunt admittance neglected.
(c). with both the series resistance and shunt admittance neglected.
(CSVTU April-May 2012)
Ans: ( a ) Pmax =191.29 MW , ( b ) Pmax =191.077 MW ( c ) Pmax =309.046 MW

Q.3.A generator operating at 50 Hz delivers 1 pu power to an infinite bus through a

transmission circuit in which resistance is ignored. A fault takes place reducing the
maximum power transferable to 0.5 pu whereas before the fault, this power was 2.0 pu
and after the clearance of the fault, it is 1.5 pu. By the use of equal area criterion,
determine the critical clearing angle.
(CSVTU April-May 2010)
0
Ans: δ cr =70.3

Q.4. For the system shown in figure, an inductor of reactance 0.6 p.u./phase is
connected at the midpoint of transmission line. Determine the steady state power limit
under the following conditions . When inductor switch S is open.
Ans: Pe =0.8 ∠−90 ° pu

Q.5. A loss free generator supplying 80 MW to an infinite bus bar steady state limit of
system is 150 MW & prime mover input is increased by 40 MW. Determine whether the
system will remain in synchronism.
Ans: A1 < A2 ,Hence, system will remain in synchronism.

Q.6. A synchronous motor is receiving 25 % of the power that it is capable of receiving

from an infinite bus. If the load is doubled , determine the maximum value of the load
angel. (CSVTU Nov-Dec2010)
0
Ans: δ m=46.4 =0.7 red

Q.7. A double circuit 3-ϕ feeder connected a single generator to large n/w The power
corresponding to limit of steady state stability for each circuit is 100 MW. The line is
transmitting 80 MW. When one of the circuit is suddenly switched off, determine with
the appropriate diagram, whether the generator is likely to remain in synchronism.
Ans: A1 < A2 Hence generator is likely to remain in Synchronism.
Q .8.Find the critical clearing angle for the system shown in Fig. for a three- phase
fault at the point P The generator is delivering 1.0 pu power under prefault conditions.
(CSVTU April-May 2009)

0
Ans: δ cr =49.1

Q.9. A loss free generator supply 5 to an infinite bus. The steady state limit of the
system being 100 MW. Determine whether the generator will remain in synchronism If
the prime mover input is increased by 30 MW.
(CSVTU Noe-Dec2009)
Ans: A1 < A2 Hence system will remain in synchronism.

Q.10. A generator is delivering 60% of its maximum power to an infinite bus. A fault
occurs which increases the reactance between generator & infinite bus to 3 times its
original value before fault. When the fault is cleared, the maximum power limit is 80%
of maximum power before fault. Find out critical -clearing angle.
(CSVTU Nov-dec2011 April-may 2011)
Ans:δ c =65.41 °

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Tutorial Sheet-5 (2012-2013)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 5 (Part - A) “Economic operation of power systems”

2
Q.1. The Fuel input of per hour of plant 1 & 2 are given as F 1=0.2 P 1+ 40 p ,+120 Rs /hrs
2
F 2=0.25 P2+ 30 P2 +150 Rs/ hrs Determine the economic operating Scheduled & the
Corresponding cost of generation. If the Max m & Minm loading of each unit is 100 MW
& 25 MW & demand is 180 MW. The mission Losses is neglected.
If the load is equality shared by the both unit determine the saving obtained by load
per unit as equal incremental production Cost.
Ans: Saving ¿ 1.32 Rs / hrs

Q.2. A power System has 2 generating plant and the power being dispatch economic
with P1=150 M .W .∧P 2=275 M . W .the loss Co-efficient are B11 =0.10 ×100 ,
−2

−2 −2
B12 =−0.01 ×10 & B 22=0.13 ×10 . To rise the total load on the system by 1 M.W. will
Cost and additional Rs. 200 Per hours. (CSVTU April-May 2011)
Find:-
(a). Penalty Factor of plant 1.
(b). The additional Cost Per hours to increase the O/P of Plant 1 by 1 M.W.
d C1 Rs .
Ans: =151 M . W . hr .
d P1

Q.3. On the System Consisting of two generating plant the incremental costs in rupees
per Mega Walt hours with P1∧P2 in Mega Walt are:-
d C1
=0.15 P 1+150
d P1
d C2
=0.25 P 2+175
d P2
MW ∧∂ PL
Given P1=P2=200 Fin d penality factot for plant 1.
∂ P2
Ans: L1=1.5625

Q.4. On the System Consisting of two generating plant the incremental Cost in Rs/M.W.
d C1 150∧d C 2
Hrs With P1∧P2 in M.W. Hour =0.15 P 1+ =0.25 P 2+175 the System is
d P1 d P2
.∧d P L
operating on economic dispatch with P 1=P2=200 M .W =0.2 . Find the penalty
d P2
Factor of plant 1.
Ans: L1=1.56

Q.5. The Fuel cost of two unit plant is given by:-

2
C 1=100+2 P 1+ 0.005 P1
C 2=200+2 P2+ 0.01 P22
Where P1∧P2 are in MW. The plant supplies a load of 450 MW. Find the economic load
Scheduling of the two units and the incremental fuel cost Neglect.
(CSVTU April-May 2008)
Ans:¿ 5 M . W . hrs . Answer

Q.6. In a two plant System the entire load is located at plant 2 which is connected by
plant 1 by transmission Line. The Plant Supply 100 M.W. of a power with a correspond
mission Loss of 5 M.W. Calculate the Penalty factor for the 2 Plant.
Ans : L2=1

Q.7. A System Consist of two Plant Connected by a mission Line & load that is located
at Plant 2 data for the loss equation consist for the inform that 100 MW transmitted
from plant 1 of the load result in a loss of 10 M. The incremental fuel cost to the two
unit can be show the following eqn.
d C1
=0.007 P1+ 4.1 Rs / MW . hrs
d P1
d C2
=0.014 P2 +4.6 Rs /MW .hrs .
d P2
Calculate the value listed below for the System λ=6.5 Rs/ MW . hrs Calculate :-
(a). P1∧P2 & Power deliver E0 the load for economic dispatch ( Loss is considered)
(b). P1∧P2 If total Power is taken as Part (a) & Power deliver to the load for economic
dispatch (Loss is neglected)
Ans: P1=184.68 W ∧, P2 =56.62W

Q.8. The increment Fuel Cost for two unit of Plant is

d F1 176∧d F 1
=0.8 P 1+ =0.96 P2+ 128. where f is Rs/hrs . & P is MW Find the saving in
d P1 d P2
Rs/hrs for economic load distribution. Compare with their saving the O/P equality when
total O/P is 150 MW. (CSVTU Nov-dec 2011)
Ans: Saving = 371 Rs /hrs

Q.9. The fuel input per hour of two plant are given as
2
F 1=0.2 P 1+ 40 P 1+120 Rs/ Hr
2
F 2=0.2 5 P2 +30 P2 +150 Rs / Hr
Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of
generation if the maximum and minimum loading of each unit is 100 MW and 25 MW ,
the demand is 180 MW and the transmission losses are neglected . if the load is equally
shared by both unit , determine the saving obtained by loading the unit as per equal
incremental production cost.
(CSVTU April May 2009)
Ans: Saving=1.32 Answer

Q.10. The fuel cost of two unit plant are given by

C 1=100+2 P 1+ 0.005 P1∧C 2=200+2 P2 +0.01 P 2 Where P1∧P2 are in M.W. the plant Supply
2 2

a load of 450 M.W. Find economic load scheduling of the two unit & the incremental
fuel cost neglect losses. (CSVTU April-May
2008)
Ans :5 M .W .hrs
Q.11. The two unit of a power System have Following Cost Curve.
2 Rs 2 Rs
C 1=0.1 P 1+ 40 P 1+120 & C 2=0.2 P 2+30 P2 +100 . The daily load Curve of a power
hr hrs
System as Shown in Fig.

Consider the 24 hours period from 6 a.m. morning to 6 a.m. next morning it be more
economic al to keep both the unit in Service for this 24 hours period or to remove one of
the unit service from 12 hours for the light load.
Assume that a cost of Rs.400 is increased in taking either unit of the line to returning
it is Service after 12 hours.
(CSVTU Nov-Dec 2012)
Ans: The total cost of expenditure option (i) is less it will be more economic to run both genr
Continuous for 24 hrs.

Q.12. For the System Shown below the voltage at bus C is V c =1.0 ∟0 p.u. The
Current in the line AC & BC are 1.05 ∟0 P .V . & 0.9 ∟0 P . V . respectively. The line
impedance are as follows.
Z AC =( 0.05+J 0.20 ) P . V .
Z BC =( 0.04+ J 0.16 ) P . V .
ZCD = ( 0.03+J 0.12 ) P .V .
Find the Loss Co-efficient and Mission Loss.
(CSVTU Nov –Dec 2009)

Ans: P L=0.207 P . U .
 Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Tutorial Sheet-5 (2011-2012)
Subject- Power System Engineering Semester -6th
Unit - 5 (Part - B) “Load Flow Analysis”

Q.1. The following data is the system data for a load flow solution. 7
Bus Code Admittance
1-2 2-j8.0
1-3 1-j4
2-3 0.666-j2.664
2-4 1-j4
3-4 2-j8
The schedule of active and reactive power.
Bus Code P Q V Remarks
1 - - 1.06 Slack bus
2 0.5 0.2 1+j0 PQ bus
3 0.4 0.3 1+j0 PQ
4 0.3 0.1 1+j0 PQ
Determine the voltage at the end of font iteration using Gauss –Siedal method.
Take α =1.6. (CSVTU Nov-Dec2011,April-May 2010,April-May 2012)
Ans: V 3 acc =0.98864−0.0528 j

Q.2. Per unit Impedance are indicated Shunt admittance be neglected. Determine Y bus
(CSVTU April-May 2010)

Ans :

[ ]
0.47−J 1.88 −2.35+ J 9.411 −0.588+J 2.35 0
¿ −2.35+ J 9.411 0.692−J 2.768 −0.294+ j 11.76 −1.470+ j 5.88
−0.588+ J 2.35 −0.294+ j 11.76 0.346−J 1.384 −1.176+ j 4.70
0 −1.470+ j5.88 −1.176+ j 4.70 0.653−J 2.614
Q.3. Fig. shows the one-line diagram of a simple three bus power system with
generation at bus 1.The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 p.u of
line impedances are marked in p.u. on a 100 MVA base. Using Gauss- Seidel
method, determine the phasor values of the voltage at load buses 2 & 3 (P-Q buses)
after first iteration.
(CSVTU April-May 2011)

(1 ) (1 )
Ans: V 2 =0.9825+ j. 09 V 3 =1.0011− j 0.0358

Q.4. Determine Y bus for the five bus system shown in fig

Ans:

[ ]
− j12 j5 0 j2 j5
j5 − j9 j 4 0 0
Y bus = 0 j 4 − j7.33 j3.33 0
j2 0 j3.33 − j9.33 j 4
j5 0 0 j 4 − j9

Q.5. Determine Y BUS for the 3-bus system. Line series

Impedances are:
Line (bus to bus) Impedance(pu)
1-2 0.06+ j0.18
1-3 0.03+ j0.09
2-3 0.08+ j0.24
 Ans:

[ ]
5− j 15 −(1.66− j5) −(1.25− j3.75)
Y Bus = −(1.66− j 5) 2.91− j 8.75 −(1.25− j3.75)
−(1.25− j 3.75) −(1.25− j3.75) 4.58− j13.75
Q.6. A three bus power system shown in figure .The relevant per unit line admittances
on 100 MVA base are indicated on diagram and bus data are in table. Form Y and
determine voltages at bus 2 and 3 bus after first iteration using Gasuss-Seidal
method. Take acceleration factor α =1.6 .

Ans :The voltage at the end of first iteration

V (11 )=1.02∠ 00
V (12 )=.992− j0.0499
(1 )
V 3 =0.9536− j 0.1509

Q.7. For the n/w shown in Fig. Obtain the Complex bus bar voltage at bus 2 at the end
of the first iteration use Gauss-Seidel Method Line Impedance Shown in Fig.
(CSVTU April –May2009)
V 1=1 . 0 ∟0 ° , P2 + j Q2=−5 . 96+ j1 . 46
¿ V 3∨¿ 1 . 02
0 0
Assume V 3=1. 02 ∟0 °∧V 2 =1∟ 0°
Ans :V (1)
2 =0.995− j0.0312

Q.8. Determine Y BUS for 4-bus system shown in figure. The linae series impedances are
as follows:
Line(bus to bus) Impedance(pu)
1-2 0.25+ j1.0
1-3 0.20+ j0.8
1-4 0.3+ j 1.2
2-3 0.2+ j 0.8
3-4 0.15+ j 0.6

Ans:

[ ]
(0.725− j 2.9) −(0.235− j 0.94) −(0.294− j 1.176) −( 0.196− j0.784 )
¿ −(0.235− j 0.94) 0.529− j 2.116 −( 0.294− j 1.176 ) 0
−(0.294− j 1.176) −(0.294− j 1.176) (0.98− j 3.92) −(0.392− j 1.568)
−(0.196− j 0.784) 0 −(0.392− j 1.568) 0.588+ j2.352