First Tutorial Sheet

B. TECH. 5th Semester (EED)

EE-3 1 (pROTECTIO AND SWITCHGEAR)

Prob(l}-A 90 MV A,llkV, 3-phase generator has a reactance of 25%. The generator

supplies two motors through transformers and transmission line as shown in figure. The
transformer TJ is a 3-phase transformer, 100 MV A, 10/132 kV, 6% reactance. The
transformer T2 is composed of 3-single phase units each rated at 30 MV A, 6611a k v with
..:;~oreactance. Tne connections of TJ and T2 are as shown. The motors are rated at 50-
MVA and 40 MVA both 10 kV and 20% reactance. Taking the generator rating as base,
draw reactance diagram and indicate the reactances in per-unit. The reactance of the line
is 100 ohm.

0--i~-
__ l_I"_1:---fk:>---4

r <3) rt>
Prob(2)-- Three parts of single-phase electric system are designated A, B, and C and .are
connected to each other through transformers, as shown in figure. The transformers are
rated as follows:
A-B 10,000 kV A, 138/13.8 kV, leakage reactance 10%
B-C 10,000 kV A, 138/69 kV, leakage reactance 8%.
If the base in circuit B is chosen as 10,000 kV A, 138 kV, find the per-unit impedance
of the 300 ohm resistive load in circuit C referred to circuit C, B and A. Draw the
impedance diagram neglecting magnetizing current, transformer resistances, and line
impedances. Determine the voltage regulation if the voltage at the load is 66 kV with the
assumption that the voltage input to circuit A remains constant.

____ -,1-10~-------------------------------------_,2-1----~
A ·B c 300n.

B-C
A-B
 Prob(3}- The two alternators X and Y operate in parallel and have the following
capacity and percentage reactance.
Capacity %Reactance
Alternator X 9000 kVA 8%
Alternator Y 11000 kVA 12%

The generarinz station is connected to a transmission line of 2000 km length through a

*p-up transformer of capacity 11000 kVA and having percentage of 6%. The resistance
and reactance of the transmission line per km of its length are 0.003'.0 and 0.020'0
respectively.
Find out the short circuit MY A for the three phase faults at the receiving end
of the transmission lin~ and also at the sending end. Let the operating voltage be 66 kV.

Prob(4}-A 3 phase 6 MY A, 6.6 kV generator has a reactance of 0.1 pu. It is connected

through a 6 MY A, 6.6/0.09 pu reactance transformer to a transmission line having a
resistance of 0.09 ohm and a reactance of 0.36 ohm per kM. A 3.phase dead short circuit
occurs at a distance of 10 kms from the transformer. The generator voltage at the time of
fault is 7.2 kY. Find the fault current in the generator.

Prob(5}- A power station has three section bus bars with 11 kV generators on the ring
system as under:
Section 1 : Two generators of 30 MVA and 20 MVA with 0.15 and 0.12 pu reactance
respectively.
Section 2 : One generator of 60 MY A and 0.2 pu reactance.
Section 3 : Two generators of 30 and 60 MYA with 0.18 and 0.2 pu reactance
respectively .
Sections 1 and 2,2 and 3 &3 and 1 are connected through reactors of rating
60,90 and 80MY A with reactances of 0.2,0.3 and 0.24 pu respectively. Determine the
. fault current when a three phase symmetrical fault occurs at the far end of a feeder, with
a 0.05 pu reactance and 0.01 pu resistance on 30 MY A base, connected to section bus
number three. Also calculate the current supplied by the 60 MY A generator on section 3
bus under the fault condition..

Prob(~balance three-phase voltages of 100 V line-to-line are applied to a star-

connected load consisting of three resistors. The neutral of the load is not grounded. The
resistance of phase a is lOn, in phase b is 20 n, and in phase c is 30 n. Select Vabas
reference and determine the current in phase a and the voltage Van.

Prob(n---:-Three 6.6 kV , 12 MY A, 3-phase alternators are connected to a common set of

busbars. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of each alternator are
15%, 12% and 4.5% respectively. If an earth fault occurs on one busbar , Determine the
fault current :
(1). if all the alternator neutrals are solidly grounded;
(2). If one only of the alternators is solidly earthed and the others are isolated;
(3). if one of the alternator neutrals is earthed through a reactance of 0.5 ohm and the
others are isolated.
 Prob(8}-The system shown in Figure is initially on no load with generators operating at
their rated voltage with their emfs in phase. The rating of the generators and the
transformers and their respective percentage reactances are marked on the diagram. All
resistances are neglected. The line impedances is j 160 n. A three-phase balanced fault
occurs at the receiving end of the transmission line. Determine the short circuit current
and the short circuit MY A.

60 ~A. 3C !;:v
X~=24%

X~ ~
E16%
o-t-ol--_X-=L__ 160_'_O_-"b--I

l.OOMVA.
3Of400k.Y
40 ~A. 3Q.lC.V'
x::, ~ 24%

Prob(9)- The one line diagram of simple three-bus power system is shown in figure.
Each generator is .represented by an emf behind the sub transient reactance. All
impedances are expressed in per unit on a common MY A base. All resistances and shunt
capacitances are neglected. The generators are operating on no load at their rated voltage
with their emfs in phase. A three-phase fault occurs at bus 3 through fault impedance of
4= jO.19 pu,
(a). Using Thevenin's theorem obtained the impedance to the point offault and the-fault
current in per-unit
(b). Determine the bus voltages and line currents dw::ingfault

:iO'~05,
,:10-75
1 2 -"'---+-

3 -+-~I--""""'-

Prob(lO)-A 33 kV 3-phase transmission line of resistance 2 ohm and reactance 8 ohm

is connected at each end to 2 MY A ,33/6.6 kV delta/star transformer. The resistance and
reactance drops of the transformers are 1% and 3% respectively. Determine the fault
current in each section of the system when a 3-phase fault take place on the low voltage
side if step-down transformer. Assume the source with zero impedance.
 Pro b(ll}--A 30 MV A, 11kV generator has sub transient reactance of 10010, supplies
power to the three identical motors through a transformer as shown in figure. Each motor
is rated for 8 MVA,6.6 kV with sub-transient and transient reactances ofjO.lS andjO.25
pu respectively. The transformer is rated for 30 MV A,11kV/6.6kV and leakage reactance
8%. The motor busbar voltage is 6.6 kV when a three-phase fault takes place at F.
Determine
(a). the sub transient current in the fault,
(b). the sub transient current in breaker B,
(c). the momentary current in breaker B, and

(d). ilie C~ ~bY1~~~C~les.

SF;

Prob(U}--A single line diagram consisting of a synchronous generator feeding a

synchronous motor through a transmission line is shown in figure. An impedances
indicated in the diagram are expressed in per-unit on a common 100 MV A base. The
motor is drawing 50 MW at 0.95 power factor lagging, at rated voltage when a
symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at the motor terminals. Determine the per-unit value
of -{a). sub transient fault current,
(b). sub transient fault current in the generator and the motor neglecting pre-fault load
current; and
(c). sub transient fault current in the generator and the motor including pre-fault load
current .

~t
~l=jO·lO
@
lOOMVA
I lOOMVA
Jt
lOOMVA
@
l00MVA
X;; =jO.15
11k-V
Xd'=jO.2 11kV Al132 kV J.. 132kVY/ll kV~
X=jO.10 .X=jOJO
 Prob(13}--In a three phase transformer, one line is open. If the current flowing through
the delta connected load in one line is 12A, Find the symmetrical components of the line
currents.

Prob(14}--A salient pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MV A, 13.8 kV and has a
direct-axis sub-transient reactance of 0.25 pu. The negative and zero sequence reactances
are, respectively, 0.35 and 0.1 0 pu. The neutral of generator is solidly grounded.
Determine the sub-transient current in the generator and the line-to-line voltages for sub
transient conditions when a single line-to-ground fault occurs' at the generator terminals
with the generator operating unloaded at rated voltage. Neglect resistance.

Prob(15}--Find the sub-transient currents and the line-to-line voltages at the fault under
Sub-transient conditions when a line-to-line faults occurs at the terminals of the generator
described in Prob(12). Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at rated
terminal voltage when the fault occurs. Neglect resistance.

Prob(16}--Find the sub-transient currents and the line-to-line voltages at the fault under
sub-transient conditions when a double line-to-ground fault occurs at the terminals of the
generator described in Prob(12). Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at
rated voltage when the fault occurs. eglect resistance.

Prob(l7}--A group of identical synchronous motors is connected through a transformer

to a 4.16-kV bus at a location remote from the generating plants of a power system. The
motors are rated 6QOV and operate at 89.5 efficiency when carrying full load at unity
power factor and rated voltage. The sum of their output ratings is 4476 kW (6000 hp).
The reactances in per-unit of each motor based on its own input kVA rating are X"= 0.20,
and X2 = 0.20, and Xo = 0.04 and each is grounded through a reactance of 0.02 pu. The
motors are connected to the 4.16-kV bus through a transformer bank composed three
single-phase units, each of which is rated 2400/600 V,2500 kV A. The 500- V windings
are connected in Delta to the motors and the 2400- V windings are connected in Star. The
leakage reactance of each transformer is 10%.
The power system which supplies the 4.16 kV bus is represented by a Thevenin
equivalent generator rated 7500 kVA,4.16 kV with reactances of X" = X2 =0.10 pu, Xo=
0.05 pu, and X, from neutral to ground equal to 0.05 pu.
Each of the identical motors is supplying at equal share of a total load of 3730
kW(5000 hp) and is operating at rated voltage 85% power-factor lag, and 88% efficiency
when a single line-to-ground fault occurs on the low tension side of the transformer bank.
Treat the group of motors as a single equivalent motor. Draw the sequence networks
showing values of the impedances. Determine the sub-transient line currents in all parts
of the system with pre-fault current neglected.