Paper 6 summary notes

Creating tables

Experiment then questions Graphs Plan an Drawing

investigation

Experiment then questions

While reading the experiment, you need to figure out:

Independent variable.... the variable that is changing in the experiment

Dependent variable.... the variable that you are measuring (way of
measuring the outcome)
Control variable...... whatever affects the results that needs to be
constant
Source of error..... something wrong done in the experiment that
leads to inaccurate results
Example of sources of error and how we can improve
drops not of same size ....pipette
judging the end point with color change ....subjective judgment of color change ....colorimeter
no repeats .... repeat 3 more times at each
contamination ...use separate tools
shaking ...use a stirrer
🌟Cut to similar size... cut accurately using ruler
temperature not maintained .....heat shield / water bath


 Notice
Make sure to read the question well : sometimes he asks why this is a source of
error not how to improve the source of error
Example: the students cut the the potato pieces into similar size

Source of error : Cutting into similar size not accurate

Improvement: Use ruler and knife and cut accurately
Why this is source of error: Because it causes change in surface area
of potatoes causing inaccurate results

Another repeated idea: he asks how to get more accurate results, don't write
just repeat the experiment cause most probably there are no marks for it in
MS so instead write repeat using narrower intervals
Example: the student carried out the experiment at 20, 30, 40, 50
degrees and then concluded after the experiment that the optimum
temperature for amylase to work is 40 degrees celecius, how he can get
more accurate results?
Repeat the experiment using narrower intervals of temperature like
39,40,41,42
Reason of stirring..... to distribute the solute equally

Make sure you know how to keep these variables constant

Temperature.... thermostatic water bath
pH .... buffer solution
Humidity... humidifier


 Make sure you know how to calculate percentage increase and decrease
and average

% inc/dec: diff
X 100
Starting

Average: total/ their count

while calculating the average, you should exclude the anamolus result
Anamolus result is the number that doesn't follow the trend
Like (30,30.5, 31, 98) the "98" here is anamolus cause it doesn't look similar to
the rest of the results

hint: when there's calculation question in table , most probably it can be

solved by cross multiplication

while describing the graph mention the overall trend and then add data
quotes (same goes in paper 4)

Don't forget to revise FOOD TEST



 Creating tables
Table is a way of representing data in organized format
Here are some tips to help u construct tables in an organized way

Independent Dependent

If u are recording the results at intervals so keep the time on left side

Time/min Dependent

If there are many trials for recording the results then add them under the
dependent heading

Independent Dependent

Trial 1 Trial 2


 Notice

Do not add units in cells cause it's rejected in MS , add them in heading
Make sure to include all the data required in the table so readddd the
question carefully
Better to draw it with pencil and write in pen

Graphs
Bar chart
When the independent variable is not measurable , it will be names.
The bars needs to be equal in size and do not on the y axis
Equal space between bars
In case of 2 dependent variables so it will be double bar chart but you need to add key

Boys
Girls

Histogram Independent on x axis

When there's range in independent Dependent on y axis

Line graph
Point to point using ruler or smooth curve
In case of 2 dependent variable so it will be double line but you need to add key


 Plan an investigation

You will write it in paragraph format

You need to mention:
Independent ( the variable you will change)
Methodology ( what will you do in the experiment like
how u will change the variable)
Control variable (what you need to keep constant)
Tools you will use
Time for equilibrium
Dependent variable ( what you will measure)
Repeat the experiment for reliability
Safety precautions

Tips: after reading the question, you can

easily guarantee 3 marks out of 6 which are
the independent as it's mentioned in the
question and the repeat and safety
precautions


Drawing

Follow these instructions while drawing

Make the drawing larger to cover at least half of space
Draw with sharp pencil and avoid broken lines
You need to draw as much details as you see accurately with
correct proportions unless he said draw only the outline so you
will draw only layers
Don't shade
Don't label unless he asks u

To calculate magnification

a m

M= Image size / actual size

Good luck everyone