General Specification: Welding - Materials

Refining & Chemicals
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
Welding - Materials
GS RC WAM 001
Welding of pressure vessels and heat exchangers
00 12/2012 Original issue

Rev. Date Subject of revision
This document is the property of DGRC. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from DGRC.
This document is the official English version

General Specification Date : 12/2012
Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................ 4
1. Subject ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 4
2. Reference documents ............................................................................................. 4

2.1 Priority rules .................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Deviations ....................................................................................................................... 7
3. Applicability ............................................................................................................. 7
4. Definitions of terms................................................................................................. 7
5. Welding data book .................................................................................................. 8

5.1 Weld map / Weld Key form.............................................................................................. 8
5.2 Welding procedure specification (WPS) .......................................................................... 8
5.3 Welding Procedure Qualification Tests ........................................................................... 9
6. Welders qualification ............................................................................................ 12

6.1 Welder performance registration ................................................................................... 12
7. Welding processes................................................................................................ 13
7.1 Acceptable welding processes ...................................................................................... 13
7.2 Welding Process restriction ........................................................................................... 13
8. Welding consumables .......................................................................................... 16

8.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 16
8.2 Welding consumable classification ................................................................................ 17
8.3 Filler metal selections.................................................................................................... 18
8.4 Dissimilar materials ....................................................................................................... 20
8.5 Consumable storage ..................................................................................................... 23
9. Weld joint preparation .......................................................................................... 23
10. Fabrication ............................................................................................................. 24

10.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 24
10.2 Nozzle to shell welds..................................................................................................... 25
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10.3 Provisions relating to welding and weld position............................................................ 26

10.4 Weld repairs.................................................................................................................. 27
11. Preheat / Post heat ................................................................................................ 27

11.1 Preheat ......................................................................................................................... 27
11.2 Post Heating / dehydrogenation .................................................................................... 28
12. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ...................................................................... 29

Appendix 1 Welding of tube - Tube sheet connections ....................................................... 30
Appendix 2 Weld overlay and clad restoring ...................................................................... 34
Appendix 3 Strength expanded tube - Tube sheet connections.......................................... 38
Appendix 4 Additional requirements for 5% chromium steel material fabrication and testing41
Appendix 5 Additional requirements for ultrasonic testing of weld overlay ......................... 47
Appendix 6 Weld Preparation for Clad Restoration ............................................................ 52
Appendix 7 Titanium and its alloys ..................................................................................... 55
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Foreword
Engineering Companies and Design Offices that are contractually bound to TOTAL are obliged
to always check that the applicable regulations, in particular regarding SAFETY, QUALITY and
protection of the ENVIRONMENT, do not impose more restrictive measures. If they do,
alternative solutions in accordance with the regulations must be submitted in writing to TOTAL.
Except for when it is used internally, the application of this specification is systematically
covered by a contract.
Caution, for new equipment, this specification supersedes the following specifications:
• GS RM WAM 006 Rev 02 dated 01/2012
• GS RM WAM 001 Rev 00 dated 07/2003
• GS TP WAM 001 Rev 00 dated 12/2008
1. Subject
1.1 Introduction
This Specification defines the welding, thermal treatment, for shop and field fabrication of
Pressure Vessels, Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, and Air Cooled Exchangers.
For licensed units, this specification will have to be applied together with applicable licensor
specifications. The more stringent requirements shall govern.
This specification is not applicable for aluminium and copper base materials
1.2 Purpose
This Specification supplements the Codes listed in § 2, the project equipment specifications and
the project equipment data sheets/drawings.
For examination and testing requirements, additional requirements are defined in TOTAL
specification GS RC WAM 002.
For pressure equipments in Wet H 2 S Services, additional requirements are defined in TOTAL
specification GS RC WAM 011.
For Duplex Stainless steel additional requirements are defined in TOTAL specification
GS RC WAM 010.
For Cr-Mo steel additional requirements are defined in TOTAL specifications GS RC PVE 004
and GS RC PVE 005.
For Titanium and its alloys, additional requirements are defined in Appendix 7.
2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification. Unless
otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant appendices
and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT.
Standards
Reference Title
ISO 4063 Welding and allied processes – Nomenclature of welding processes and
reference number
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Reference Title
ISO 5817 Welding - Fusion welded joints in steel, Nickel, Titanium and their alloys
(beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 6520-1 Welding and allied processes – Classification of geometric imperfections
in metallic materials – Fusion welding
ISO 9692-1 Welding and allied processes - Recommendations for joint preparation -
Part 1: Manual metal arc welding, gas shielded metal arc welding, gas
welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels
ISO 9692-2 Welding and allied processes - Recommendations for joint preparation -
Part 1: submerged arc welding of steels
ISO 10474 Steel and steel products - Inspection documents
ISO 14344 Welding and allied processes - Flux and gas shielded electrical welding
processes - Procurement guidelines for consumables
ISO 15614 8 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials
Professional documents
Reference Title
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM A263 Standard specification for stainless chromium steel-clad plate
ASTM A370 Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products
ASTM A380 Practice for cleaning and descaling stainless steel parts, equipment and
systems
American Petroleum Institute
API RP 577 Welding inspection and metallurgy
API RP 582 Welding guidelines for the chemical oil gas industries
API RP 660 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers
American Welding Society
AWS A3.0 Standard welding terms and definitions
AWS A4.2M Standard procedure for calibrating magnetic instruments to measure the
delta ferrite content of austenitic and duplex austenitic-ferritic stainless
steel weld metal
AWS A4.3 Standard methods for determination of the diffusible hydrogen content of
martensitic, bainitic, and ferritic steel weld metal produced by arc welding
AWS A5.1/A5.1M Specification for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding
AWS A5.4/A5.4M Specification for stainless steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding
AWS A5.18/A5-18M Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding
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Reference Title
AWS A5.20/A5-20M Specification for carbon steel electrodes for flux cored arc welding
AWS D18 2 Guide to weld discoloration levels on inside of austenitic stainless steel tube
Regulations
Reference Title
European Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the
Directive approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure
97/23/EC dated equipment (PED)
29 may 1997
Codes
Reference Title
American Society of Mechanical Engineers boiler and pressure vessel code
ASME B46.1 Surface texture (surface roughness, waviness, and lay)
ASME Section II, Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Part C
ASME Section V Non-destructive Examination
ASME Section VIII, Pressure Vessels
Division 1
ASME Section VIII, Pressure Vessels - Alternative Rules
Division 2
ASME Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
SNCT
CODAP Code de construction Des Appareils à Pression non soumis à la flamme
TOTAL General Specifications

Reference Title
RG RC PVE 001 Unfired metallic pressure equipment quality class
GS RC PVE 001 Unfired metallic pressure vessels
GS RC PVE 004 General specification for equipment in materials 2¼Cr-1Mo & 2¼Cr-1Mo-¼V
GS RC PVE 005 General specification for equipment in materials 1¼Cr-½Mo
GS RC WAM 002 NDE and testing on pressure vessels and heat exchangers
GS RC WAM 010 Requirements for material supply, welding and fabrication of duplex
stainless steel equipments
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Reference Title
GS RC WAM 011 Additional Requirements for pressure equipments in Wet H 2 S Services
Other documents
Reference Title
Not applicable
2.1 Priority rules

The subject of this specification shall satisfy, in descending order of priority, the requirements of:
• the local regulations, when applicable,
• the project’s Job specification, when existing,
• this specification,
• other codes, specifications and standards to which this specification refers.
In the event of conflicting requirements between the selected construction code and these other
codes, specifications and standards (if they are stipulated by a particular contract), the most
restrictive requirement shall apply.
2.2 Deviations
Any deviation from the requirements of this specification may be suggested by the General
contractor, Engineering company, Manufacturer or Contractor, if he considers such deviation
beneficial for reducing the cost and/or completion time, provided that it does not compromise
the safety of personnel or the regulatory requirements (when such regulations apply).
Deviations must be submitted to TOTAL, as a variant with the necessary justifications, and must
receive the written approval of TOTAL.
3. Applicability
This specification applies to all new equipment covered by the § 2, in refineries and
petrochemicals plants operated by TOTAL.
Full or partial application of this specification for equipment to be repaired or for components of
existing equipment shall by confirmed by TOTAL.
For category D as per RG RC PVE 001, this specification is not applicable to all new equipment
covered by the § 2.
4. Definitions of terms
For the purposes of this Specification, the following definitions shall apply:
• Company / Entity: TOTAL
• Contractor: The party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement,
construction and commissioning for the project.
• Manufacturer / Vendor / Supplier: The party(s), which manufactures and/or supplies
equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the CONTRACTOR.
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5. Welding data book

The VENDOR shall submit a detailed Welding Data Book to the CONTRACTOR at the time of
WPS/PQR submittal. Fabrication shall not start until the Welding Data Book is returned with
agreement to proceed. The Welding Data Book shall include the following documents:
• a cover sheet with title block dedicated to the Project,
• a Weld map (sketch of pressure vessel locating all joints and reference to WPS),
• Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS),
• Procedure Qualification Records (PQR).
Additional requirements for NDE are also mandatory; refer to GS RC WAM 002.
5.1 Weld map / Weld Key form

The Weld map / Weld Key form shall contain as a minimum the following information:
a) sketch of the equipment item,
b) design/fabrication code with joint efficiency,
c) material type(s), grade(s) and thickness for each type of equipment component,
d) WPS to be used for each type of joint of same design and similar thickness (i.e., longitudinal
and circumferential seam, closing seam, typical large nozzle connection, typical small
nozzle connection, fillet weld attachments and any back cladding, if applicable), for pressure
part and non pressure part (e.g. skirt, saddle..)
e) calculated Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) and whether impact-tested WPS
is/are required,
f) actual thickness where each WPS is to be used,
g) P.W.H.T. requirements (process, specifications or code), and other Heat Treatment
requirements if applicable (e.g., ISR, DHT)
5.2 Welding procedure specification (WPS)

Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) and their supporting Procedure Qualification Records
(PQR) shall conform to the requirements of construction code and to the requirements of this
specification. Only one WPS is allowed by weld seam and shall be representative of the seam
to be performed on the equipment.
WPS are also required for non pressure retaining part welds.
Welding Procedure Specifications together with Procedure Qualification Records shall be
submitted to the CONTRACTOR prior to the start of fabrication. Welding shall not proceed until
these documents are returned to the CONTRACTOR with agreement to proceed.
All Welding Procedure Specifications and Procedure Qualification Records for purchased items
subcontracted by the VENDOR shall be reviewed by the VENDOR for content and contract
compliance prior to submittal to the CONTRACTOR.
Each WPS shall be identified by a unique number and shall be identified on the welding map.
Vendor can used its own WPS forms provided that complete welding data defines in
construction code and following information are included:
a) Welding process or processes when more than one is used in making a complete joint.
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b) Parent metal specification and thickness.

c) Whether shop or field welding.
d) Joint preparation (sketch).
e) Cleaning, degreasing, etc…
f) Welding position (including direction for vertical position).
g) Manufacturer shall provide heat input control method applicable in workshop for each
process type (heat input, Run Out Length, weaving by diameter....). Measure of heat input
with A x V x 60 /TS is appropriate for SAW/PAW process, but not for manual process. Brand
name, classification and size (diameter) of welding consumables.
h) Pre-heating and interpass temperature, including method and control.
i) Travel speed.
j) Approximate number and arrangement of runs and weld dimensions (sketch).
k) Welding sequence.
l) Back gouging and afterwards NDE testing.
m) PWHT requirements including the detailed cycle of heat treatment, heating rate cooling rate,
holding time, temperature and temperature tolerances. The equivalent heat treatment cycle
shall be shown on the PQR.
1. Other Heat Treatment requirements if applicable shall be described (e.g., ISR, DHT...).
n) When welding quenched and tempered steels, low alloy steels or steel requiring impact
testing and/or hardness testing, the heat input in conjunction with the minimum/maximum
interpass temperatures shall be restricted to the values shown in the supporting PQR. Heat
input values shall be recorded on WPS and PQR.
Amperage x Voltage x 60
Heat input in Joules/cm =
Travel speed in cm/min
When hardness testing is required heat input values shall not be less than -25% of the PQR
values. This limitation does not apply if the WPS is qualified with a PWHT above the upper
transformation temperature.
o) Each WPS shall contain, for each essential variable, minimum and maximum qualified.
5.3 Welding Procedure Qualification Tests
5.3.1 General
All welding procedures shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of construction
code supplemented as follows:
• all welding procedure qualification tests shall be witnessed and certified by an
Independent Inspecting Authority approved by CONTRACTOR, unless the Vendor is
holding a valid construction code stamp and if this is not required by the CE stamp. In that
case VENDOR shall be authorised to qualify by himself the Welding Procedure
Qualification and responsible to grant necessary PQR's qualification from construction
code Authorised Inspector,
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• European Directive 97/23/EC (PED) Appendix 1 § 3.1.2, if applicable, for the approval by
a competent third party for pressure equipments category II, III and IV,
• Except for carbon steel pressure vessel in normal service conditions (excluded CS in
corrosive service like H 2 S or with MDMT/TME<-10°c or other special design conditions),
PQRs can only be used in the same workshop where they had been done, or in
workshops of same country,
• for any pressure vessels requiring PWHT for Code or Service reasons, welding procedure
qualifications shall be subject to hardness testing,
• the nominal fabrication PWHT temperature shall be the qualified PWHT temperature ±
10°C for Cr Mo steels and ± 20°C for others,
• in the event where existing PQR does not include hardness testing results, hardness test
may be performed on additional weld test coupons (as per § 5.3.2) before fabrication and
using the same parameters of the WPS (grade, thickness, parameters ...),
• shop welding procedure qualification for site application may be acceptable provided site
machine and associated equipment are identical to those used for qualification.
All welding procedure qualification shall include a welding parameters monitoring sheet. The
monitoring sheet shall monitor all welding parameters during the qualification stage by run and by
process. This includes at least electrical parameters, speed, ROL (Run of length) for SMAW
process and interpass temperature. For manual welding several monitoring shall be done per run.
5.3.2 Hardness tests

Hardness survey shall be performed on weld macro cross section according to the Vickers
hardness test method defined in the European norm EN 1043-1, under 10 kg load (Hv10) or
other standards approved by CONTRACTOR/COMPANY.
The series of Hv10 readings shall include unaffected base material, Heat affected Zone, and
weld deposit, according to typical hardness test locations described below.
A minimum of 10 hardness readings shall be performed by traverse line measurement.
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A minimum of 2 traverse line measurements shall be performed for thickness less than 20 mm
and 3 for thickness above (one at the intersection).
In the HAZ, the first indentation shall be located as close as possible of the fusion line.
Unless otherwise specified the maximum Hv10 hardness shall not exceed following values
[minimum individual value], on base metal, HAZ and weld metal.
Material group according to ASME IX Material Type Without PWHT PWHT
P1 Carbon steel 300 235 (Notes 1 & 2)
P3 C-½Mo 320 235 (note 1)
P4 1Cr-½Mo, 1¼ r- Not applicable 235 (Note 2)
1
/ 2 Mo
P5A 2¼Cr-1Mo Not applicable 235 (Note 3)
P5B 5Cr-½Mo Not applicable 248
Note 1: A maximum of 248 HV10 shall apply in the HAZ
Note 2: For equipment in sour wet H 2S services as defined in NACE-8X194, a maximum of 210 HV10 shall apply in base metal and
weld deposit and maximum of 248 HV10 shall apply in the HAZ. Specifications GS RC WAM 011 shall govern
Note 3: TOTAL specification GS RC PVE 005 shall govern when applicable
Note 4: TOTAL specification GS RC PVE 004 shall govern when applicable
In addition, surface hardness test (Brinell, Vickers or Rockwell) shall also be included on PQR
as per method and acceptance criterias specified in Appendix 1 of GS RC WAM 002 for Post
Weld Heat Treated vessels.
5.3.3 Fillet Welds

All the following fillet welds shall be qualified at least with a butt weld PQR and an additional
representative fillet weld PQR (with the same bevel angle):
• all fillet strength welds (fillet pressure containing welds),
• the joint is with reduced accessibility (e.g. oblique branch connection).
Fillet welds that are penetrated through the thickness shall be qualified at least with a butt weld
PQR.
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If hardness test are required by code, service or specifications, tests shall also be include in fillet
weld PQRs, according to § 5.3.2.
5.3.4 Ferrite
5.3.4.1 Austenitic stainless Steel

When required in § 8.3 for Austenitic Stainless steel of this specification, Ferrite content shall be
checked as follows by means of portable ferriscope or equivalent portable ferrite tester.
5.3.4.2 Duplex Stainless Steel

See requirements in TOTAL specification GS RC WAM 010.
5.3.5 Dissimilar welds PQR

The qualification for welding dissimilar material requires a PQR with the same material as the
original welds. For instance a PQR for welding CS steel to 5%Cr steel, require a qualification
with a CS steel to a 5%Cr steel. The qualification NDE/tests for these PQR shall be submitted to
the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY for prior approval.
5.3.6 Strength weld tube to tube sheet qualifications
Qualification of welding procedure shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix 1.
5.3.7 Strength expanded tube to tube sheet qualifications
Qualification of expanding procedure shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix 3.
6. Welders qualification
Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with construction code
supplemented by:
• European Directive 97/23/EC (PED) Appendix 1 § 3.1.2, if applicable, for the approval by
a competent third party for pressure equipments category II, III and IV.
For tube to tube-sheet strength welding, the qualification tests shall be in accordance with
Appendix 1.
Existing qualifications remains in effect if in accordance with construction code requirements.
A recognised Inspection Authority shall qualify welders and welding operators, unless the Vendor
is holding a valid construction code stamp and if this is not required by the EC stamp. In that case
any welder satisfying construction code qualification requirements shall be acceptable to
CONTRACTOR. Welder's certificates shall be made available to the review of the
CONTRACTOR’s Inspector.
6.1 Welder performance registration

In order to control and maintain the validation of performance qualification, a welder
performance register should be kept up to date by the VENDOR. This register should at least
contain the following data:
a) welder’s name and stamp,
b) data of weld inspection and inspection results,
c) materials (base and consumable),
d) configuration data (diameter, wall thickness, position of welding, etc.),
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e) reference to WPS used,

f) qualification range.
7. Welding processes
7.1 Acceptable welding processes
For all welds (pressure parts, and non-pressure retaining part e.g. attachment, skirt,
manufacturer’s name plate, saddle…), following welding processes are acceptable with all the
requirements described in § 7.2:
Welding processes AWS Designation ISO 4063
Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW 111
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding GTAW 141
Plasma Arc Welding PAW 15
Automatic Submerged Arc Welding SAW 121
136
Flux Cored Arc Welding FCAW
138
Gas Metal Arc Welding GMAW 135
7.2 Welding Process restriction
7.2.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

A gas tungsten arc root pass is required in cases where double side welding is impractical. As a
minimum 2 passes with GTAW shall be performed.
Inert gas backing is mandatory for materials P No. 5B and higher alloy material.
Inert gas shall be maintained during the two first layers.
Full visual or boroscopic examination using AWS D18.2 shall be used in replacement of oxygen
measurement for stainless steel and higher. Colour level above 7 shall be considered as
unacceptable.
Nitrogen for gas backing can be used only with CONTRATOR prior approval.
For gas tungsten arc welding process (GTAW) the use of welding machine equipped with High
Frequency ioniser and arc fade is mandatory.
7.2.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Downhill progression shall not be allowed when using low hydrogen electrodes.
Coated electrodes shall be basic low hydrogen content type (hydrogen content shall be
≤ 5 ml/ 100 g of weld metal). Welders have to use efficient warm holding ovens for these electrodes.
For all pressure welds parts, maximum allowed diameter is 5 mm.
For internal pressure parts, electrode diameter shall not be bigger tan 3.2mm for nozzle
connection to shell without lips (set-in) when nozzles diameter is ≤ 4”.
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7.2.3 Flux Cored arc welding

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW, only 136 and 138) may be acceptable by CONTRACTOR/
COMPANY subject to the following provisions:
• FCAW use is submitted to prior approval of CONTRACTOR and COMPANY.
• VENDOR must provide evidence of successful previous experience with this process.
• The flux-cored arc welding filler metal shall be:
− basic cored wire [136] in accordance with AWS A 5.20:
o in 1G position only, in spray arc transfer (136 S);
− metal cored wire [138] in accordance with AWS A 5.18:
o in 1G, 2G, in spray arc transfer (138 S),
o 3G (up hill) or 5G (up hill ) position only, in short circuit transfer (138 D);
− same wire trade mark in WPS than in PQR;
− protected with external shielding gas (same trade mark in WPS than in PQR);
− not bigger than 1.2 (filler metal diameter);
• Welders shall be qualified with:
− welder shall use the same wire trade mark in production as the one used on PQR,
− metal cored wire, with butt joint (thickness >10mm) 3G or 5G or 6G up hill position and
2G position,
− coupon tests which included at least bend tests (2 sides), MT and UT.
• Application of FCAW process [136 & 138] is limited to:
− design pressure is less than 20 bars,
− design temperature is between -29°C and 300°C,
− vessels not in hydrogen or severe sour service,
− vessels are not under vibrations or cyclic service,
− vessels in carbon steel (with a minimum specified yield strength value according to the
material norm/specification less than 300 MPa), with external shielding gas which
content at least 8% CO 2 but less than 25%,
− Weave bead (weaving motion) is allowed until 20mm max.
− vessels in stainless steel (only austenitic ),
− category A & B welds:
o for thicknesses greater than 10 mm,
o provided 100% UT are performed;
− category C & D welds :
o ≥ 6" in diameter (for nozzle to shell, when nozzles diameter is < 6", FCAW is prohibited),
o for thicknesses greater than 10 mm,
o provided 100% UT and MT examination are performed;
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− non-pressure retaining part including those welded on pressure part but excluding all
parts of the lifting devices:
o for all thicknesses, provided 100% PT or MT (butt and fillet welds) are performed,
o for thickness above 15 mm, provided 10% UT or RT (butt welds only) are performed,
o all fillet welds shall be qualified by a butt weld PQR and a representative fillet PQR.
Other application of FCAW process (automatic welding, root pass, internal welds, other P
number …) shall be subjected to COMPANY prior approval and shall require, test coupons,
screening tests and additional NDT.
7.2.4 Gas Metal arc welding

GMAW (135) is strictly prohibited, for all the pressure part welds.
For the non-pressure retaining part (e.g. attachment, skirt…), GMAW (135) is allowed only:
• with the COMPANY prior approval,
• with additional test coupons, screening tests and NDT extant,
• in spray transfer mode.
• Weave bead (weaving motion) is prohibited.
However, for some typical WO, GMAW can be used only with CONTRATOR/COMPANY prior
approval.
GMAW process application for root passes, back welds, temporary attachments and other
applications where the weld made by this process is completely removed or remelted shall be
subjected to COMPANY prior approval and shall require additional tests.
Other application of GMAW process (automatic welding, internal welds, root pass, root pass
with special short circuit transfer type e.g. STT or RMD …) shall be subjected to COMPANY
prior approval and shall require, test coupons, screening tests and additional NDT.
7.2.5 Submerged arc welding

Fluxes that the flux Manufacturer recommends for single pass welds shall not be used for
multiple pass welds. Active fluxes are not permitted.
The brand name and grade of flux and wire used for production of submerged arc welds shall
be the same as used in the relevant procedure qualification test. A change in wire or flux will
require a new qualification.
Only neutral and basic flux shall be used. Addition of alloying elements to the weld via the flux
(other than to compensate arc losses) is not permitted.
Flux that is not fused during welding may be re-cycled providing it is possible to remove any
slag impurities, re-processed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and is
mixed with fresh flux (no more than 20% by volume of re-cycled flux) prior to welding. Vendor
shall supply a specific flux re-cycle procedure for approval to Contractor and shall ensure that
flux will not be re-cycled not more by two times by controlling quantity.
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8. Welding consumables
8.1 General
Filler metal shall be as specified in construction code or equivalent AWS/ISO/EN Specification.
Certified Material Test Report's (CMTR) shall be supported by "Type 3.1" document according
to ISO 10474 for chemical analysis.
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Welding consumables shall be selected such as:

• the strength of deposited weld metal is at least equal to the specified minimum mechanical
properties of the materials being welded. For welding carbon steel materials with specified
yield strength of 450 MPa and above, the selected consumables shall produce welds with
tensile strength not exceeding by more than 25% the specified minimum tensile strength of
the base material; this shall be measured at the time of welding procedure qualification tests
on an all-weld tensile test specimen taken from the weld metal,
• the principal elements in the deposited weld metal are similar to the nominal composition
of the base metal.
Carbon and low alloy steel electrodes/bare wire that have a non-specific chemistry as indicated
by a "G" classification suffix (i.e. EXXXX-G, ERXXX-G, EG, or EXXXTX-G) shall not be used
unless welding procedure qualifications are carried out Trade/Brand name wise.
8.2 Welding consumable classification

Welding consumable used for pressure vessels parts shall be supplied with the following
classification, schedule and inspection document.
All welding consumables shall have products classification approval by Certifying Authority.
Inspection document
ASME II A SFA 5.01
ASME IX according EN 10204
Material type
P-No Chemical Mechanical
Classification Schedule
Analysis Properties
P No 1 with Carbon steel with 3.1
F
MDMT ≥-46°C MDMT ≥-46°C 2.2 (non
C1, S1,T1,F1 H (non pressure 2.2
Design Tp° < Design Tp° < pressure part
part only)
300°C 300°C only)
P No 1
Carbon steel with
MDMT < -46°C 3.1
MDMT < -46°C
or Design Tp° > or
or Design Tp° > C2, S2,T2,F2 I 3.1
300°C 2.2 + Screening
300°C
or H or H 2 S test
or H or H 2 S service
service
K
0.5Mo steel Mechanical tests
P No 3,4,5 & C3, S3,T3,F2 as per 3.1 3.1
Cr Mo steels GS RC PVE 005/
GS RC PVE 004
Austenitic stainless
P No 8 C1, S1,T1,F1 F 3.1 with ferrite 2.2
steel
P No 8 Austenitic stainless K
MDMT< -104°C steel with MDMT< - with ferrite
3.1 3.1
or Operating 104°C C2, S2,T2,F2 & (if MDMT<-
with ferrite
temperature > or Operating 104°C) impact test
540°C temperature > 540° at -196°C
3.1
or
P No 10 Nickel base C2, S2,T2,F2 I 3.1
2.2 + Screening
test
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8.3 Filler metal selections

8.3.1 General provisions for the use of filler metals to weld carbon steels
Filler metals shall be selected on the basis of the mechanical properties of the parent metal.
The filler metal shall conform to AWS A5.1 E7018 or E7016 classification for SMAW process, or
equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
When the design temperature is below -10°C, the filler metal used shall have guaranteed impact
test values at a temperature specified in the consumable specifications (AWS/ISO/EN
specification) at the design temperature if this is lower. Additionally, the brand name of welding
consumables (electrodes, rods, wire, flux cored, flux) shall be the same as used in the
procedure qualification test.
For bare wires used in welding processes with gas protection (GTAW) the filler metals shall
conform to AWS A5.18 classification or equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
For SAW process wire and flux combination shall conform to ASME SFA-5.23 or SFA-5.17, or
equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
Carbon steels shall not be welded with C-½ Mo weld metal unless the weld is post weld heat
treated (stress relieving or normalizing heat treatment) and with prior approval by COMPANY.
8.3.2 General provisions for the use of filler metals to weld other steels
Filler metals used to weld similar materials shall have nominal chemical analysis and
mechanical properties equivalent to the base materials, for carbon steels - molybdenum and
chromium ferritic steels (from 0.5% Mo to 5% Cr).
For the welding of steels containing between 5% and 9% of nickel, the filler metals shall be
approved by CONTRACTOR.
The criteria used to select filler metals are proposed in table 1 - Guideline:
Base metal ASME Coated ASME Welding wires
Specification Electrodes specification
ER 80SG
0.5 Mo SFA 5.5 E 70XXA1 (H4R) SFA 5.28
(0.5 Mo)
0.5 Cr - 0.5 Mo E 8018 B1 (H4R) ER 80C B2 (L) *
SFA 5.5 SFA 5.28
1 Cr - 0.5 Mo E 8016 B2 (H4R) ER 80S-G *
E 8018 B2 (H4R) ER 80C B2 (L) *
1 ¼ Cr - 0.5 Mo SFA 5.5 SFA 5.28
E 8016 B2 (H4R) ER 80S-G *
E 9018 B3 (H4R) ER 90C B3 (L) *
2 ¼ Cr - 1 Mo SFA 5.5 SFA 5.28
E 9015 B3 (H4R) ER 90S-G *
2 ¼ Cr - 1 MoV SFA 5.5 E 9015-G (H4R) SFA 5.28 ER90S-G
5 Cr - 0.5 Mo SFA 5.5 E 8015/16 B6 SFA 5.28 ER 502 *
E 7018 C1L
2 ¼ Ni SFA 5.5 SFA 5.28 ER 80C Ni2
E 7015 C1L
ER 80C Ni3
E 8018 C2 SFA 5.28
3 ½ Ni SFA 5.5 ER80S-Ni3
E 8015 C2 SFA 5.23
ENi3
(*) For the welding of 0.5% to 5% of chromium steels, the wire-flux combination for submerged arc welding (SAW) shall conform
to ASME SFA 5.23, or equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
TABLE 1 - Guideline
Page 18/56
When TOTAL specifications GS RC PVE 004 and GS RC PVE 005 are applicable, welding
consumable shall meet also the requirements from these specifications.
8.3.3 General provisions for the use of filler metals to weld austenitic stainless steels
The criteria used to select filler metals are defined in table 2.
ASME Coated ASME
Base metal Welding wires
Specification Electrodes (2) specification
304 L SFA 5.4 E 308 L 15/16 (1) SFA 5.9 ER 308 L (1)
316 L SFA 5.4 E 316 L 15/16 (1) SFA 5.9 ER 316 L (1)
304 SFA 5.4 E 308 15/16 * SFA 5.9 ER 308 *
E 308 L 15/16 (1) ER 308 L (1)
316 SFA 5.4 E 316 15/16 * SFA 5.9 ER 316 *
E 316 L 15/16 (1) ER 316 L (1)
321 SFA 5.4 E 347 15/16 SFA 5.9 * ER 347
347 SFA 5.4 E 347 15/16 SFA 5.9 ER 347
309 SFA 5.4 E 309 15/16 SFA 5.9 ER 309
304 LN SFA 5.4 E 308 L (1) SFA 5.9 ER 308L (1)
316 LN SFA 5.4 E 316 L (1) SFA 5.9 ER 316 L (1)
(1) Filler metal recommended for cryogenic applications. Weld metals containing Nb shall not be used.
Impact tests shall be carried out per lot at design temperature or at a lower temperature. The test
results shall include the lateral expansion and absorbed energy values.
(2) EXXL-17 electrodes may be used by Vendor if previously agreed by Company
(*) For applies to high temperatures beyond 540°C (in order to avoid long term embrittlement), type 308
welding consumables shall be approval by CONTRACTOR and shall meet additional requirements
TABLE 2
For service temperature above 315°C filler metals shall be selected to produce weld deposits
that fall within the ferrite number (FN) range of 3 to 10 as determined by the WRC (Welding
Research Council) diagram which is included in AWS A5.4.
Welding wires or bare wires that are not listed in the AWS/ISO/EN specifications shall not be used.
All GTAW filler wires shall be degreased prior to use and shall subsequently be handled with clean
gloves. The degreasant shall leave no chloride or sulphide containing residues on the surface.
8.3.4 General provisions for the use of filler metals to weld ferritic stainless steel
Base metal ASME Coated ASME Welding wires

specification electrodes specification
ENiCrFe-3 or ERNiCr-3 or
Type 410 SFA 5.11 SFA 5.14
E309L ER309L
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8.3.5 General provisions for the use of filler metals to weld non ferrous metals -
Selection criteria for filler metals – Ni-base alloys
ASME Coated ASME

Base metal Welding wires
specification electrodes specification
70 Cu 30 Ni SFA 5.6 E Cu/Ni SFA 5.14 ER CuNi

E NiCrFe 2
UNS N 08825
SFA 5.11 E NiCrFe 3 SFA 5.14 ER NiCr 3
(Incoloy 825)
(**)
UNS N 06022
SFA 5.11 ENiCrMo-10 SFA 5.14 ERNiCrMo-10
(Hastelloy C22)
UNS N 06625
(Inconel 625)
UNS N 10276
(Hastelloy C276)
UNS N 06600
SFA 5.11 ENiCrFe-3 SFA 5.14 ERNiCr-3
(Inconel 600)
MONEL
SFA 5.11 ENiCu-7 SFA 5.14 ERNiCu-7
70Ni-30Cu (*)
(*) shall not be used in sour service if Temperature is greater than 370°C.
(**) or ER NiCrMo-3 or ER NiFeCr-1 can be used with COMPANY prior approval
TABLE 3
8.3.6 Austenitic/ferritic Stainless steel (duplex)

See requirements in TOTAL specification GS RC WAM 010.
8.4 Dissimilar materials

Table 2 provides guidelines the selection of filler metal of dissimilar material.
As a general rules heterogeneous welds shall be done with the welding consumable more
alloyed than the base metal. Lower alloyed welding consumable on base metal shall not be
done except if previously agreed by Company.
Dissimilar welds shall be done taking into account the post weld heat treatment temperature of
the more alloyed grade. The lower grade shall be able to withstand the PWHT temperature and
time of the higher grade.
Dissimilar metal welds shall comply with the following requirements.
8.4.1 Carbon to low alloys

For dissimilar joints in base metals consisting of carbon and low alloy steels (CS steel through Cr Mo
Steel) the filler metal shall be either of the composition of the lower or highest of the two steels.
Testing of both parents metal shall be required to ensure that PWHT does not adversely affect
their mechanical properties.
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Otherwise "Buttering" layer of highest alloy steel with a lower alloy steel filler metal followed by
PWHT may be considered. Subsequent welding of the buttered layer to lower alloy steel
material is then carried out with weld metal matching the lower alloy steel filler metal.
8.4.2 Ferritic to stainless steel

For dissimilar joints in base metals consisting of a ferritic material (CS steel through 9%Cr Steel)
to austenitic stainless steel, the filler material selection shall be as follows:
• for service temperatures up to and including 400°C: ASME Classification E/ER 309L,
• for service temperatures above 400°C: High nickel filler metal, ASME Classification
ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3, ENiCrMo3 or ERNiCr-3. API RP 582 can be used for filler metal
selection as a guideline,
• as an alternative when ferritic steel needs to be Post Weld Heat Treated the ferritic
material (CS steel through Cr Mo Steel) may be buttered with either ASME Classification
E/ER 309L or high nickel filler metal and Post Weld Heat Treated prior to welding to the
austenitic stainless steel.
Subsequent welding of the “buttered” layer to the stainless steel shall be carried out with
weld metal nominally matching the stainless steel parent metal.
For services that contain sulphur compounds use of high nickel filler metal shall be subjected to
CONTRACTOR agreement.
Base Nominal Analysis of Base Material

Material Base Materials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 Carbon steel A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B C D C
2 Carbon-Molybdenum Steel A E C E E E E E B B B B B B B B B B B C D C
3 2.25% Nickel & 3.5% Nickel steel A E C B B B B B B B B C C C
4 9% Nickel Steel A E C C C C C C C C C C C C
5 1% Cr - 0.5% Mo steel A E F F F F B B B B B B B B C D C
6 1.25% Cr - 0.5% Mo steel A E F F F F B B B B B B B B C D C
7 2.25% Cr - 1% Mo Steel A E F F F G B B B B B B B B C C C
8 5% Cr - ½% Mo Steel A E F F H H B B B B B B B B C C C
9 9% Cr - 1% Mo Steel A E F F G H J J B B B B B B B B C C C
10 Type 405 Stainless steel B B K X B B B B B B B C C C
11 Type 410S Stainless steel B B J K K B B B B B B B B C C C
12 Type 410 Stainless steel B B J K X B B B B B B B B C C C
13 Type 304 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B L L P L L O O C C C
14 Type 304L Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B L M M L M O O C C C
15 Type 321 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B L M N L M O O C C C
16 Type 347 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B P M N P M P P C C C
17 Type 316 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B L L L P Q O O C C C
18 Type 316L Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B L M M M Q O O C C C
Page 21/56
Base Nominal Analysis of Base Material

Material Base Materials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
19 Type 309 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B O O O P O O R C C C

20 Type 310 Stainless steel B B B C B B B B B B B B O O O P O O R C C C
21 Alloy 800 (Incolloy 800) C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
22 Monel 400 D D C C D D C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
23 Inconel 625 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
NOMENCLATURES:
A - AWS A5.1 classification EXX15, EXX16, EXX18. J - AWS A5.4, classification E505-XX.
B - AWS A5.4 and A5.11, classification E309-xx (only K - AWS A5.4 and A5.11, classification E410-XX,
for service temperature up to 315°C), ENiCrFe-3 E410 Cb-XX, E309-XX, ENiCrFe-3 (Inconel
(Inconel 182), or ENiCrFe-2, E NiCrMo3 182), or ENiCrFe-2 (Inco-Weld A).
C - AWS A5.11 classification ENiCrFe-3 (Inconel 182) L - AWS A5.4, classification E308-XX.
or ENiCrFe-2 (Inco-Weld A), E NiCrMo3
D - AWS A5.11, classification ENiCrFe-3 (Inconel 182), M - AWS A5.4, classification E308L-XX.
ENiCrFe-2 (Inco-Weld A), or ENiCr-7 (Monel 190).
E - AWS A5.5, classification E7015-A1, E7016-A1, or N - AWS A5.4, classification E347-XX.
E7018-A1.
F - AWS A5.5, classification E8016-B2, or E8015-B2L, O - AWS A5.4, classification E309-XX or E308-XX.
E8018-B2L
G - AWS A5.5, classification E9015-B3, E9016-B3, P - AWS A5.4, classification E308-XX or E347-XX.
E9018-B3 or E9015-B3L, E9018-B3L
H - AWS A5.5, classification E8018B6 or E8018B6L Q - AWS A5.4, classification E316-XX or E316L-XX.
I - AWS A5.4, classification E7Cr-XX. R - AWS A5.4, classification E309-XX
NOTES:
1. Blank spaces in Table 1 indicate combination that are considered unlikely or unsuitable
2. Table 1 refers to coated electrodes. For bare wire welding (SAW, GMAW, GTAW), use equivalent electrode classifications
(AWS A5.9, A5.14, A5.17, A5.18, A5.20, A5.23, and A5.28).
TABLE 4: FILLER METAL FOR WELDING DISSIMILAR MATERIAL
8.4.3 Carbon steel with Cu – Al alloys

When joining Cu –Al alloys (UA9N5Fe – Al < 8.5 + Ni/2), the following operations shall be
carried out:
• preheating to 200 °C for buttering,
• buttering the carbon steel at the level of the weld to be performed, over 2 to 3 mm with a
Cu Al filler metal (AWS R Cu Al A2) under Argon U shielding gas;
• filling of the bevel with a CU Al filler metal under AC (alternating current);
• temperature between passes limited to 300 °C;
Peening or hammering between passes is prohibited.
Page 22/56
8.5 Consumable storage

Welding consumables shall be stored with care, under dry conditions in their original unopened
packing. After opening shipping containers of electrodes, fluxes and other welding materials,
storage and handling shall be as specified in the Manufacturer's.
Electrodes, filler wires or fluxes that are damaged, damp, greasy or oxidized shall not be used.
All electrodes, which have been in direct contact with water, shall be definitely rejected.
VENDOR’s facilities shall include a temperature and humidity controlled welding consumable
and flux store, including holding and drying ovens.
Low hydrogen electrodes and fluxes shall be dried at 250°C/300°C for two hours prior to use,
unless otherwise recommended by the electrodes manufacturer. Welding electrodes shall then
be stored in ovens at a minimum temperature of 80°C. When used for production they shall be
placed in heated quivers capable of maintaining a minimum temperature of 60°C.
Above drying conditions do not apply to electrodes supplied in vacuum conditioning boxes
unless un-properly stored and handled after opening.
Carbon steel and 0.3-0.5% Mo low hydrogen electrodes shall be used within 8 hours when
stored in quivers. Low hydrogen Cr-Mo steel electrodes shall be used within four hours when
stored in quivers. Electrodes stored in quivers, but not used within the specified time, shall be
restored in ovens. No electrodes shall be left lying about the site or in the shop. Electrodes so
left shall be scrapped.
Submerged arc flux shall be clearly identified in moisture-proof containers and shall be stored in
a dry location at a temperature recommended by manufacturer.
Submerged arc, gas metal arc and flux-cored wire shall be clearly identified and shall be stored
in a dry location at a temperature recommended by manufacturer. The identification shall state
manufacturer, grade and batch number. Unidentifiable wire shall not be used.
Submerged arc, gas metal arc and flux-cored arc consumables shall be withdrawn from storage
only when required for immediate use. Unused consumables shall be returned to storage on
completion of the welding operation. Batch numbers shall be recorded on issue.
Submerged arc flux may be recycled one time up but shall be free from fused flux, mill scale,
dirt or other foreign matter. Before reuse, the flux shall be re-baked in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
Recycling of flux is not allowed.
The VENDOR shall maintain recycling flux procedure as well as storage/conditioning and
handling procedure for welding consumables, which shall be made available to review of
CONTRACTOR representative upon request. The procedure shall include moisture, cleanliness
and identification controls.
9. Weld joint preparation

All pressure part joints (shell, head, nozzle...) shall be double welded butt joints with full
penetration.
Multi-layer joint is required and single layer joint is prohibited.
Page 23/56
Double welded groove joints shall have their root passes back gouged to sound metal on the
reverse side before welding on that side. In case where double welding is impractical, the root
pass shall be made by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process.
When air arc gouging is used, the carburized and hardened surfaces shall be removed by
grinding to a bright metal finish and shall be examined by PT or MT.
Permanent backing rings and consumable inserts shall not be used. Temporary fabrication
attachment welds on pressure shells shall be removed. The surface under such welds and
under backing rings that have been removed shall be properly conditioned to eliminate surface
stress risers. Such surfaces shall be inspected by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
method in accordance with GS RC WAM 002.
Temporary attachments, backing rings or bars intended to be removed after weld completion
shall essentially match the analysis of the base metal.
Weld joint preparation shall be made by machining, grinding, or thermal cutting. When thermal
cutting is performed, the edges shall be mechanically cleaned to sound metal prior to welding.
If nibbling machine is used, the edges shall be mechanically cleaned by machining or grinding
prior to welding.
For P no.6 and higher base materials only plasma or mechanical cutting shall be allowed.
Materials that require preheat for welding (see § 11) shall be preheated in the same manner for
thermal cutting or gouging.
Surfaces for welding shall be clean and free from paint, oil, dirt, scale, oxides, and other foreign
material detrimental to the integrity of the weld.
Grinding wheels and wire brushes used on austenitic or other higher nickel shall not have been
previously used on carbon or low alloy steels, copper alloys, aluminium or zinc coatings (paint
or galvanizing).
Only austenitic stainless steel wire brushes shall be used on austenitic or other higher nickel alloys.
Grinding wheels and wire brushes shall be used only for a single type of material.
Grinding discs containing sulphur (iron sulphate) or other harmful components shall not be used
on stainless steels, 9% nickel steel or non ferrous materials.
For nozzle connections, when forged piece with lip is required, the butt weld nozzle attachment
shall be ground smooth and flush on the double side.
Also, for junction between skirt en Y forged piece, the root pass shall be ground smooth and
flush on the internal face with 100% PT (instead of MT which is often impossible).
As a general rules bevel preparation should be in accordance with ISO 9692-1 and ISO 9692-2.
10. Fabrication
10.1 General
Compliance with this Specification and authorization of WPS, PQR and weld map shall in no
way relieve the VENDOR of the responsibility of providing welds suitable to the services for
which they are intended.
Page 24/56
All tack welds shall be made in accordance with a previously approved welding procedure and
shall be performed by qualified welders. Tack welds shall be of sufficient cross-section and
length in order to avoid cracks, especially on high strength steel materials.
Temporary welds for temporary handling attachments, lugs, etc. shall be minimized.
When temporary welding is deemed necessary, welding shall be performed with the same care,
materials, electrodes, minimum preheat and procedures as for the main fabrication welding.
The temporary welds shall subsequently be removed and ground flush with the base material,
and then inspected by non-destructive methods (magnetic particle or dye penetrant).
Any defect found during this inspection shall be removed and repaired by a qualified welder
using welding procedures approved by the CONTRACTOR. The method of removing
attachments shall not injure the metal surface (i.e. they shall not be removed by hammering off).
Attachments such as lugs, clips, support rings and similar items shall not be located on a weld
seam.
Removable starting and stopping tabs shall be used for longitudinal welding where automatic
welding processes are used.
Weld techniques shall be selected to assure that specified tolerances for straightness and out-
of-roundness are not exceeded. If such tolerances are not stated in the drawings, standards or
specifications, the applicable section of the relevant code shall govern.
Cleaning of the surfaces to be welded shall be done in a manner that will not lead to
contamination of the weld or base metal. Only stainless steel brushes and tools dedicated to
stainless steel shall be used on stainless steels and nickel-alloyed materials.
Peening is only permitted to the extent necessary to clean slag from the weld.
Preparation for welding, types and sizes of electrodes, current amperages and voltages used,
preheating requirements, etc. shall be the same for production welding as those defined in the
applicable qualified welding procedures.
Adequate precautions shall be taken and suitable equipment shall be available on site or shop
open areas in order to protect the welds (and welders) from adverse weather conditions (rain,
wind...) at the time of welding. If weather conditions become too severe, welding operations
shall be stopped. No welding shall be done on wet base materials.
Chemical cleaning, passivating procedures, if applicable, shall be subject to CONTRACTOR’s
approval.
When weld overlay and/or clad restoration is required, Appendix 2 becomes applicable.
Welding is prohibited after final PWHT.
When internal visual examination of welds is impossible (Pressure vessels whitout manhole 24
“diameter, part of pressure vessel without final access), the closure seam shall be done after all
others welds have been done and inspected in the internal side of the pressure vessel. This
requirement shall be considered as an HOLD point of the inspection and test plan
10.2 Nozzle to shell welds

VENDOR shall issue specific procedure included in Welding book, to detail the sequence of
welding and Non destructive examination of nozzle to shell welds including reinforcing pads.
Page 25/56
10.3 Provisions relating to welding and weld position

All pressure retaining welds shall be full penetrated.
10.3.1 Proximity of welds

The welds and longitudinal welds in particular, shall be positioned such that they do not overlap
the openings in the vessel, their reinforcements, attaching or supporting devices, gussets, etc.
Whatever the case, it is better for a tube to cross a weld rather than be too close to it provided it
is previously agreed by Company and that US testing is performed on 200 mm of weld on shell
and tube.
Unless conditions make it is impossible (in which case special measures are required) the
distance between the edges of two welds (and not their centerlines) shall not be less than the
greater of the two values:
• 3 times the nominal thickness
OR:
• 50 mm between a circular weld and a tube weld (or its reinforcement),
• 100 mm between a longitudinal weld and a tube weld (or its reinforcement),
• 50 mm between two tube welds (or their reinforcements).
• 100 mm for any others welds non pressure retaining attachment fillet welds with other welds.
The longitudinal welds of two adjacent shell rings shall be offset by at least 60° for vessels of
6 meters diameter or less, and by 45° for larger vessels.
Where a weld seam and an attachment weld intersection seems unavoidable, Radiography Testing
and Magnetic Testing after grinding of the seam weld shall be carried out prior to making the
attachment weld. The examination shall be on a distance of 100 mm or three times the shell
thickness. In this case, NCR have to be open and submit for prior approval to CONTRACTOR.
10.3.2 Horizontal cylindrical vessels

They shall not feature any:
• longitudinal welds situated more than 30° below the generating surfaces corresponding to
the horizontal diametrical plane, (see sketch below),
• circular welds located less than 50 mm from the supports (metal or concrete).
Page 26/56
10.3.3 External stiffeners for vessels subjected to vacuum

The stiffeners shall have opening when they cross to the longitudinal welds or connection pieces.
The welds of stiffeners on the vessel shall be continuous fillet welds on the upper section and
on the lower section.
10.3.4 Back welding

Unless special provisions are specified in the welding procedure specification, full-penetration
welds shall be back welded along their entire length after thermal or mechanical gouging
followed by grinding or after grinding alone.
10.4 Weld repairs

Unacceptable discontinuities shall be completely removed by chipping, gouging, grinding, or
other methods (for the type of material being repaired) to clean, sound metal, and the excavated
area shall be examined by (MT) or (PT) to assure complete removal of defects.
Repairs to correct weld defects shall be made using the same WPS used for the original weld or
other previously authorized WPS.
Two repair attempts will be allowed on any one defective area. No further attempts to repair
shall be carried out without the authorization of the CONTRACTOR.
Weld repair procedures shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR prior to equipment repair. The
procedure shall state, as a minimum, the following information:
• means of excavating defect from weld,
• NDE method used to verify complete defect removal,
• WPS used to fill excavated area,
• NDE method used to verify repair weld is sound,
• other required tests (PMI, Hydro Tests, etc.),
• precise location of repaired welds.
Weld repair procedure to be included in final dossier.
11. Preheat / Post heat

11.1 Preheat
Preheat temperature shall be as per applicable WPS. Manufacturer shall define preheat
temperature in relation with chemical analysis of base material, welding heat input, diffusible
hydrogen, degree of restraint or local stress concentration so as to prevent the risk of cracking
and to achieve the required hardness restriction defined in § 5.3.2.
Preheat temperatures shall apply to any welding operation of ferritic steel including tack welding.
Table 5 or construction code are made mandatory by this Specification, whichever is more
restrictive. Preheat temperature higher than those specified herein may be required in order to
meet contractual requirements such as hardness levels, or to prevent from hydrogen cold
cracking (particularly in the case of highly restrained welds).
During welding, the metal temperature shall be maintained at preheat temperature until the weld
is completed.
Page 27/56
Interpass temperatures shall not be greater than the highest interpass temperature recorded
during the welding procedure qualification test.
The preheat temperature shall be measured on the face opposite to that being heated when
possible. When this is not possible, allowance shall be made for temperature equalization, e.g.
remove heat source and allow period of one minute for each 25 mm thickness of material to
elapse, before measuring temperature.
Measurement of preheat and interpass temperatures shall be done by temperature indicating
crayons, contact pyrometer or other approved method of temperature measurement. Temperature
indicating crayons shall not be applied to surfaces where weld metal is to be deposited.
• The minimum width of the heated zone shall be 2t (t = wall thickness) or 100 mm
whichever is greater.
• Special attention shall be paid to the extent of heated bands in order not to aggravate the
problems related to residual stress distribution, such as cracking, buckling and distortion.
• For preheat temperatures above 150°C (regardless of thickness) or material with wall
thickness greater than 25 mm with preheat temperature at or above 80°C. If flame is used,
heated area or burners shall be in motion.
Maximum interpass temperature limits shall be specified on the WPS. The maximum interpass
temperature for austenitic stainless steel shall be 150°C.
PREHEAT
MATERIAL (3)
Wall Thickness (mm) Minimum Temperature (°C)
< 30 20 (1)
Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels 30 to 50 20 (2) (1)
> 50 100
< 50 100
HLE
> 50 125
0.3-0.5 Mo Steel All 100
1 Cr -0.5 Mo,
All 150
1.25 Cr -0.5 Mo
2.25 Cr - 1 Mo All 200
5 Cr - 0.5 Mo, All 250
2.5 Ni All 120
3.5 Ni All 150
12 - 17 Cr Martensitic Steels All 200
(1) If ambient temperature is below 5°C, preheat to 40°C is mandatory.
(2) 80°C minimum if specified UTS is equal or greater than 490 MPa (minimum tensile strength value specified in the no /
specification of the base metal) and weld heat input less than 20kJ.
(3) In case of dissimilar welds, preheat temperature shall the highest of the two.
TABLE 5 - PREHEAT
11.2 Post Heating / dehydrogenation

VENDOR shall describe in the welding book the detail of the Post heating, or Dehydrogenation Heat
Treatment or Intermediate Stress Relief Treatment to be applied on low alloy steels Pressure Vessels,
Reactors and Heat Exchangers and shall submit to the review of the Company for acceptance.
Page 28/56
For 5% Cr, post heating is mandatory. See Appendix 4.
12. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

PWHT time and temperature shall be in accordance with construction code (as applicable). The
reduced temperature permitted by construction code (eg Note 1 of Table UCS-56 or AF402.2 )
shall not be used without written authorization from the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY. PWHT
shall be accomplished after all welds of the pressure boundary have been completed (including
lugs or attachment welds).
Some operating conditions require PWHT. In this event, PWHT conditions are fixed by the
CONTRACTOR/COMPANY and the code exemptions are not permitted.
PWHT shall be performed in a furnace, in one load, except for final closing welds, which may be
Post weld Heat Treated locally after CONTRACTOR/COMPANY approval.
Internal Gas firing of equipment is not permitted unless otherwise agreed by CONTRACTOR/
COMPANY.
Thermocouples shall be flash welded or mechanically bonded to the equipment pressure
boundary. The number and location of thermocouples shall be in accordance with the
applicable ASME Code. A minimum of four thermocouples shall be used, attached to the
thickest and thinnest weldments, at top and bottom of the pressure boundary and the test
coupons if any. All thermocouple attachments shall be adequately insulated to avoid
temperature misreading caused by the effect of radiation.
Temperature shall be continuously recorded. A chart of the heat up, soak and cool down while at
temperature above 400°C (or 300°C for special applications) is required. Time intervals shall be
recorded with temperature, and clearly indicated.
Thread and gasket surfaces shall be suitably protected from excessive oxidation during heat
treatment.
PWHT procedures shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR/COMPANY for review. PWHT
procedures shall include as a minimum the following information: type of PWHT (furnace/local),
place of PWHT (either shop or field), sequences of PWHT support types, number and locations,
thermocouple types, number, method of attachment, locations and calibration method, full
treatment cycle including heating and cooling methods, heating, cooling rates holding time and
temperature, preparation of test coupons as per § 5.3.2.
Note: All the following materials shall be ordered / purchased with the final minimum tempering
temperature (i.e. the nominal tempering temperature minus the absolute value of the maximum
negative tolerance) at least 20°C greater than the maximum expected PWHT temperature (i.e.
the expected PWHT nominal temperature plus the maximum positive tolerance):
• material furnished Quench and Tempered,
• material furnished Normalized and Tempered,
• material furnished with accelerated cooling from the austenitizing temperature followed by
tempering.
Any deviation requires CONTRACTOR/COMPANY approval.
In case of dissimilar welds, PWHT shall be submitted to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY approval
but as a general rule shall be the higher of the two.
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Appendix 1
Appendix 1 Welding of tube - Tube sheet connections
1 Scope
Whatever the Construction Code, This chapter is applicable when strength welded tube/tube
sheet connections have been specified and is intended to supplement to construction code.
2 General
No production welding shall be carried out until the proposed welding procedures have been reviewed
and accepted by the CONTRACTOR in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter.
3 Preparation of tubes and tube sheet

The ends of the tubes which are to be welded shall be outside cleaned with a suitable non-
residue forming solvent, both inside and outside. The solvent used for degreasing materials
shall be chloride free, e.g. acetone.
The tube plates shall be machined and the tube holes bored or drilled and reamed as required
by the approved drawings.
The face of the tube plate, the holes and the tubes shall be free from dirt, grease, scale and
other foreign matter when they are assembled. To avoid possible damage during assembly or
entrapment of contaminants, baffle and support plate holes should be free from burrs and
effectively cleaned prior to the commencement of tube threading.
4 Welding procedure and welder qualification

4.1 Procedure Test Piece (Mock up)
The test pieces shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 2 § 6.3 and ASME
Section IX QW-193, or ISO 15614-8.
The procedure test shall be welded in the same position as the actual welding to be done, i.e. vertical
or down-hand. Also the welding sequence/configuration shall be part of the procedure qualification.
All tubes used for procedure testing shall be of the same diameter, wall thickness and nominal
chemical composition as those proposed for production. Tube sheet material to be used for the
procedure test shall also be of the same nominal composition as that to be used in manufacture.
The thickness of the mock up sheet shall equal that of the tube sheet to be used in production,
except that it need not exceed 50 mm thickness.
4.2 Examination of Test Pieces

In addition to ASME Section VIII Division 2 § 6.3 and ASME Section IX QW-193 or
ISO 15614-8, the following testing shall be performed:
• macro-graphic examination on two tubes at magnification X5; the location of one of this
macro-graphic examination shall be at ‘’10 hours’’, as sketch below:
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Appendix 1
• macro-graphic examination on two tubes at magnification X5,

• hardness survey HV 10 Vickers for ferritic steel across above macro examination
specimens such as to include weld, heat affected zones and base metal (both tube and
tube-sheet side),
• one set of micrographic weld examination at magnification X200 for P-No 3 and greater to
show the weld, H.A.Z. with tube and tubesheet,
• three shear load/pull out tests according to ASME Section VIII divison 1 Appendix A, or
equivalent construction code - for fixed tube sheet only.
Procedure Welder Production

Type of Test Required
Qualification Qualification Mock-up test
Visual Yes Yes Yes
Dye penetrant Yes Yes Yes
Macro Examination Yes Yes Yes
Micro Examination Yes No No *
Hardness test survey HV 10 Yes (ferritic steel) No Yes (Ferritic steel)
Pull test as per ASME VIII Div. 1 Yes (fixed tube only) No No
(*) Required for tube in duplex stainless steel.
SUMMARY OF TESTS REQUIRED
4.3 Weld Quality Requirements

The following defects shall not be allowed (N.A.):
• cracks,
• lack of fusion,
• burn through of the tube bore,
• excessive weld spatter,
• gas porosity.
4.4 Effective weld throat thickness

The manufacturer shall follow the provisions of ASME Section VIII Division 1 UHX-15 full
Strength welds, or ISO 15614-8.
The acceptance criteria for effective weld throat thickness shall satisfy the dimension required
by ASME Section VIII, Division 1 UHX 15, or ISO 15614-8.
4.5 Hardness
Hardness test results shall not exceed limits given in § 5.3.2 of this specification.
4.6 Welder Qualification

Every welder employed on tube end welding shall demonstrate his competence by making a
test piece in accordance with § 4.1 and 4.2 of Appendix 1, using the same tube dimensions,
materials and welding procedures as for production welding.
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Appendix 1
5 Welding process
• GTAW Welding shall be carried out preferably with automatic orbital machine.
• Welding shall include two weld passes minimum for strength welds, with minimum one
pass with filler metal.
• The use of other processes require the prior acceptance of the CONTRACTOR.
6 Examination of production welds

For manual GTAW process after each weld run, the welds shall be, visually, examined. All
defects detailed in Appendix 1 shall be repaired.
Dimensional examination shall be performed after completion of all welds.
All complete welds shall be examined by dye penetrant. After dye penetrant testing, all traces of
dye, developer and solvents shall be removed. Where dye penetrant testing is not possible due
to accessibility, visual examination shall be performed.
7 Production mock-up test

Unless otherwise specified on data sheet or in particular specification, production mock-up test
shall be carried out concurrently with the fabrication when any of the following conditions apply:
• pressure rating 900 Lbs and above,
• hydrogen service,
• design Temperature above 400°C,
• when welding dissimilar material (P “Number” material to other P “Number”).
Production mock-up test shall be performed:
• for each heat exchanger or group of similar heat exchangers (eg: group of heat
exchangers is given in ASME Section VIII Division 1, clause UG84, or ),
• one tube to tube-sheet weld for each welder or operator by shift,
• minimum 1% with not less than 5 tubes.
Testing and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with § 4 of Appendix 1.
8 Leak detection
When specified by CONTRACTOR, the final hydrostatic test shall be preceded by a low
pressure air test and/or by a gas leak test.
• Air testing:
The tube to tube sheet welded joints shall be tested for leak detection by applying 2
pressure tests of 0.05 bar and after 0.5 bar. While the shell is under pressure, a soap
detergent shall be used to indicate any leakage.
• Leak investigation:
All leaking weld locations shall be marked for repair.
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Appendix 1
• Gas leak testing:

When specified by CONTRACTOR, a tracer gas leak test shall be used instead of the air test.
The tracer gas is usually helium, but other gases may be used subject to contractor approval.
9 Repairs
Faulty welds shall be completely removed to sound metal and repaired using the repair
procedure.
Minor faults associated with fully automatic GTAW welding incorrect settings or tracking, may be
rectified by rewelding at corrected settings or locally repaired by manual GTAW process. When
any defects occur, particularly cracking, the cause shall be established prior to repair.
10 Light expanding after welding

Where expansion after welding is specified, it shall be carried out after the successful
completion of the low pressure pneumatic test or leak testing when applicable.
Light expanding is performed to close the gap between tube and tube sheet after welding to
minimize fluid or media circulation. This expanding doesn’t provoke hard deformation between
the tube and the tubesheet.
Expansion after welding shall be also performed on qualification and production mock up.
11 Hydraulic testing
The hydraulic test shall be carried out after all welding, pneumatic tests, tube expansion and
heat treatment has been completed.
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Appendix 2
Appendix 2 Weld overlay and clad restoring
1. Scope
This Attachment defines the method, procedure, and acceptance criteria for fabrication of weld
overlay and clad restoration.
In this specification the term “Alloy Lining” is a general term that does not imply a specific
fabrication or manufacturing process.
Strip lining is not allowed unless specified on the project specifications.
Alloy lining for shells and heads shall be integrally bonded cladding or weld deposit overlay.
2. Welding procedure qualification

Procedure qualifications for weld overlay deposits shall be in accordance with ASME IX or
equivalent construction code supplemented as follows:
• chemical analysis and ferrite testing of the deposited weld metal in accordance with § 7 of
Appendix 2,
• dye penetrant examination of the completed weld. The surface examined shall meet the
requirements of § 8.2 of Appendix 2,
• macrography, micrography (X200) and hardness survey HV 10 Vickers, such as to include
weld overlay deposited, heat affected zone and base metal. Hardness acceptance criteria
defined in § 5.3.2 shall apply.
Overlap of weld-overlay beads shall be measured and recorded.
3. Welding processes
The following processes or combinations thereof are acceptable for application of overlay or
clad restoration.
1. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding GTAW

2. Submerged Arc Welding SAW
3. Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW
4. Electroslag Strip Weld Overlay ESW
5. Flux Cored Arc Welding FCAW
6. The use of other processes such as Gas Metal-Arc welding requires the prior authorization of
the CONTRACTOR. Application of such processes shall not be assumed acceptable by the
VENDOR during bid preparation, and if intended for use must be submitted, discussed and
accepted in writing prior to award of purchase.
4. Filler metals
Filler metal composition shall match the alloy cladding or specified weld overlay material as
specified on the CONTRACTOR’s equipment drawings or data sheets, except for first layer and
ferritic stainless steel as detailed on the following table.
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Appendix 2
Clad plate Backing steel Cladding material Electrodes for welding

spec spec spec cladding
st
1 Layer on
ASTM As listed in table ASTM Remainder
Backing Steel
A 264 UCS23 of A 240 Type 321 Type E 347
Type E 309 L
ASME VIII.
A 264 A 240 Type 316 L Type E 309L Mo Type E 316 L
A 264 A 240 Type 304 L Type E 309 L Type E 308 L
A 263 A 240 Type 410S/405 Type E 309 L Type E 309 L*
(*) Provided type E 410 electrode is not requested by the Licensor.
Specification of integrally clad materials and welding electrodes

For clad restoration of nickel and nickel-base alloys, the filler material shall match
with the clad material composition or selected with higher Pitting Resistance Equivalent
(PRE = %Cr + 3.3 (%Mo) + 16 (%N)) grade.
5. Surface preparation
Assembly joints shall be tested before clad restoring or weld overlay performance
Surfaces to be welded shall be free from surface irregularities and foreign matter such as scale,
spatter, grease, etc.
The base metal for clad restored seams shall be completely welded before the clad restoration
is applied. The base metal surface at the cladding interface shall be ground flush before
cladding restoration.
Weld preparation for clad restoration shall be in accordance with Appendix 7.
Stainless steel clad removal shall be verified by testing with a saturated copper sulphate
solution in accordance with ASTM A380, or equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
6. Fabrication welding requirements

Minimum effective thickness of undiluted weld overlay after grinding and surface preparation
shall be 3 mm unless otherwise specified in the CONTRACTOR’s design drawings or data
sheets.
The number of layers for multiple layer overlay welds shall not be less than on the welding
procedure qualification.
The weld overlay shall be deposited such that weld passes are oriented circumferentially around
the inside of the vessel. In the case of small diameter nozzles less than 100 mm inside
diameter, the weld passes may be deposited in the longitudinal direction.
Weld overlay surface shall be relatively smooth with no notches and undercuts that would act as
stress intensifiers.
Clad restorations shall have minimum 2 layers with no less than 1.5 mm per layer.
When supports are welded directly on clad material, a 150 mm surrounding area shall be UT
tested prior and after support welding.
7. Testing
Assembly joints shall be tested before clad restoring or weld overlay performance.
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Appendix 2
7.1. Chemical Analysis

The production weld overlay deposits shall be verified by check analysis of the principal
elements. For austenitic stainless steel weld deposits, the following elements shall be reported:
C, Ni, Mn, Cr, Si and Mo. Cb and Ti shall also be reported for stabilized stainless steels. For
other materials such as Ni base alloys or non-ferrous materials, the main elements, including
iron content shall be reported.
Chemical analysis shall be taken from a depth of 3 mm below the weld overlay surface (depth
measured from the overlay surface at its low point or after final machining if any) as follows:
• Weld overlay deposit
A minimum of one sample of the weld deposit overlay shall be taken from each overlay
deposit shell section, head and group of nozzles of same diameter made with the same
procedure to confirm the required analysis
• Clad restoring of welds
Each weld overlay procedure used for clad restoring of weld seams shall also be sampled.
As a minimum, one sample shall be taken from each welding procedure used for clad
restoring of longitudinal, circumferential and nozzle branch connection welds.
• Acceptance criteria
Unless otherwise specified, chemical analysis shall match with specified clad material.
CONTRACTOR may reduce the number of analytical samples and supplement with
portable analysers when manufacturer has exhibited good QA/QC programs and
previously proven performance.
7.2. Ferrite measurement For Stainless Steel other than Duplex

The ferrite content of production weld overlay deposits shall be checked at a frequency of at
least one per shell course, head, nozzle and clad restoring weld joint.
Ferrite content shall be measured on skin.
The Ferrite Number (FN) shall be between 3 - 10 FN as determined by a magnetic instrument
Ferrite Scope calibrated in accordance with AWS A4.2 or equivalent ISO/EN Specification and
calculated using the Welding Research Council (WRC) 1998 Ferrite Diagram.
When PWHT is required, the FN shall be between 3-8 FN. Ferrite content shall be measured
prior to any PWHT.
Documentation of test results shall be available for review by the CONTRACTOR.
8. Non destructive examination

Non-destructive examination shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of this
Specification.
8.1. Visual examination

Welds shall be examined visually before any other non-destructive examinations are performed.
8.2. Liquid Penetrant Examination

• Prior to clad restoring, base metal welds shall be examined by liquid penetrant.
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Appendix 2
• All weld overlay and clad restored weld surfaces, as well as attachments to those
surfaces, shall be 100 percent examined by liquid penetrant. Examination shall be
performed after PWHT for final acceptance purpose when PWHT is performed.
• Surfaces examined shall be free of cracks, lack of fusion, porosity and other defects,
which would reduce the effectiveness of the overlay.
All cracks, lack of fusion, surface slag/scale overlaps, undercuts, arc strikes and surface
porosity are unacceptable.
8.3. Ultrasonic Examination
8.3.1. Bonded clad surface

When integrally bonded clad vessels are used, a minimum of 1% of the clad surface, including
no less than 0.1 square meter in each square meter or fraction thereof, shall be ultrasonic
examined for lack of bond after forming in accordance with ASTM A578 and with acceptance
level Class 3 of ASTM A263, or equivalent ISO/EN Specification. The cladding shall be 100%
ultrasonically examined in areas where attachments are to be welded within a zone of 150 mm.
Unacceptable unbounded areas shall be repaired by weld deposit overlay in accordance with
this specification. When repairs in excess of 5 percent of the total examined area are required,
the vessel shall be 100 percent ultrasonic examined and acceptance of the repaired plates is
subjected to CONTRACTOR/COMPANY agreement.
8.3.2. WO surface
When integrally WO surface vessels are used, a minimum of 10% of the WO surface shall be
ultrasonic examined in accordance with Appendix 5 of this specification.
8.4. Radiographic Examination (RT)

RT examination may be performed on the weld in the base material before clad restoring is
deposited according to code requirements.
9. Welding repairs
Unacceptable defects shall be removed by mechanical means and/or dressed down and
rewelded, if necessary.
Areas excavated for repair shall be examined by (PT) to ensure complete removal prior to
welding. VENDOR shall be notified of any defect extending into the base material, prior to
repair.
Weld overlay, clad or liner restoration welds requiring welding repairs shall be welded with the
original welding procedure or an authorized welding repair procedure and shall be examined by
RT when applicable, and by PT after repair with the method and criteria defined respectively in
§ 8.2 to 8.4 of Appendix 2.
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Appendix 3
Appendix 3 Strength expanded tube - Tube sheet connections
1 Scope
This chapter is applicable when strength expanded tube/tube sheet connections have been
specified in Data sheet of guide drawings.
2 General
Mock up testing shall be used for procedure and operators performance qualification.
Expansion procedure shall include expansion method, expanding tools definition and torque
definition within maximum and minimum deviation of 5%.
No production expansion joint shall be carried out until the proposed expansion procedures
have been reviewed and accepted by the CONTRACTOR in accordance with the requirements
of this Chapter.
3 Preparation of tubes and tubesheet

Heavy expansion joints shall be qualified as follows:
The mock up shall be drilled, respecting essential variables listed below and with sufficient non-
peripheral tubes to represent:
• maximum diameter within tolerance (minimum 10 tubes),
• maximum admissible diameter out of tolerance (recommended 5 holes by over range).
The essential production variables shall be the same as per mock up variables within validity
range. These are:
• pattern,
• pitch,
• tubesheet material,
• tube material,
• external tube diameter,
• tube thickness,
(𝐷𝑖 − 𝑑𝑖 )−(𝐻−𝑑0 )
• tube wall thickness reduction X = 𝑑0 − 𝑑𝑖
× 100% 𝑖𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ
with:
− X: tube wall thickness reduction
− H: tube hole diameter
− D o : tube outside diameter
− D i : tube inside diameter after expansion
− d i : tube inside diameter the tube wall thickness reduction shall be in accordance with
Table 4 § 9.10.1 of API RP 660.
• expansion length,
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Appendix 3
• number and design of grooves,

• diameter, length and number of expanding rolls.
4 Qualification test
The expanding procedure and operators shall be qualified as per requirements of below and
approved by a competent third party as per European Directive 97/23/EC (PED) § 3.1.2 for
pressure equipment in PED category II, III and IV.
Other qualification method according to CODAP may be used with CONTRACTOR/ COMPANY
prior approval
4.1 Test required

A shear load / pull out test shall be performed on one or several non-peripheral tubes.
Pull out strength shall be superior to according following conditions:
• single value superior to 3 times the axial load in case of one tube testing,
• average value superior to 1.5 time the axial load in case of 3 tubes testing.
4.2 Qualification range

• Qualified length qualifies superior lengths.
• Qualified Expansion Ratio more or less 2%.
• Qualified pitch qualifies greater pitches.
• Qualified triangular pattern qualifies squared pattern.
• For an expanding ratio between 5 and 15%, qualification of tube thickness e0 and tube
external diameter dt qualifies same external diameter with greater thicknesses.
• For an expanding ratio between 5 and 15%, qualification of tube thickness e0 and tube
external diameter dt qualifies same thickness with greater diameters.
• Without grooves qualification qualifies with grooves procedure.
• Qualification for tube and tube sheet material combination qualifies all combinations within
correspondent P number material.
A change in diameter, length and number expanding rolls shall lead to a new qualification.
Expanding ratio definition for tube and tube sheet material group combination: HOLD.
4.3 Operator qualifications

Operators shall be qualified according to the same procedure as for qualification.
5 Production mock-up test and production recording

Unless otherwise specified on data sheet, production mock-up test shall be carried out
concurrently with the fabrication:
• for each heat exchanger or group of similar heat exchangers (eg: group of heat
exchangers is given in ASME Section VIII Division 1, clause UG84),
• one tube to tube-sheet strength expansion for each operator by shift.
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Appendix 3
Testing and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with § 4.1 of Appendix 3.

The production test piece shall be tested in the same conditions as for qualification and shall
meet the same minimum strength value.
Each hour, the torque shall be measured on 3 values and recorded.
6 Test report
Test Report shall include as a minimum:
• pull out test results on production test piece,
• expansion ratio on a mock up and on random basis on production (1% mini, no less than
5 tubes),
• expanded length.
This test report shall be included in the manufacturing dossier.
Page 40/56
Appendix 4
Appendix 4 Additional requirements for 5% chromium

steel material fabrication and testing
1. Scope
This specification covers general requirements for the material, fabrication, welding and
inspection of pressure vessel and heat exchangers in 5Cr-½Mo steel (ASTM P5B) with or
without weld overlay cladding with austenitic stainless steel.
2. Base material
2.1. General
All base material shall be supported by 3.1 inspection certificate according to EN 10204.
2.2. Plates
2.2.1. Base material plates
The plates to be used for fabrication of equipment the reactor shall comply with all requirements
of grade SA 387 Grade 5 or equivalent ISO/EN Specification with supplementary requirements
S1, S2, S3, S5, S8, S12 and the following additional requirements.
2.2.2. Steel making process/heat treatment

The steel plates shall be made by either the electric furnace or basic oxygen furnace vacuum
degassed steel process, according SA 20 Supplementary requirement S1 or equivalent ISO/EN
Specification.
Plates may be supplied ever in Normalized with accelerated cooling by liquid quenching and
tempered or Quench and Tempered condition.
Holding time shall be sufficient to attain a uniform temperature throughout the plate.
Accelerated cooling from the austenitizing temperature by air blasting or liquid quenching may
be employed in such a manner as to ensure a homogeneous structure throughout the wall
thickness of the plate.
Subsequently the plate shall be tempered in accordance with SA 387 or equivalent ISO/EN
Specification for a sufficient time and temperature to produce the mechanical properties
required by this specification. VENDOR is responsible for the selection of optimum heat
treatments (quenching, accelerated fast cooling, austenitizing, tempering parameter) to produce
the properties required in relation with the final PWHT conditions to be given to the equipment.
The minimum temperature of tempering shall always be higher than the final Post Weld Heat
Treatment of the equipment by more than 20°C.
2.2.3. Testing
2.2.3.1. Simulated Heat Treatment

One set of mechanical test specimens shall prepared and subjected to the simulated heat
treatment of 3 cycles of original PWHT (to anticipate any potential repair in fabrication and on
site) and any influence of production Post Heating after welding in the total Heat treatment cycle
using Larsen Miller parameter.
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Appendix 4
2.2.3.2. Mechanical Properties

Depending on the heat treatment condition the following mechanical tests will be carried out for
each heat of plate (mother plate) from both ends (head and foot).
After maximum simulated heat treatment (Max HT):
• tensile tests at room temperature (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength at 0.2% and
elongation),
• one set at each location of three Charpy-V notch impact test specimens tested at
minimum design metal temperature,
• macro-hardness testing (on one plate of each heat only).
2.2.3.3. Tensile Tests

For thicknesses over 50 mm, tensile (transverse) shall be taken from one of ends of each
plate from transverse ¼ T and ½ T location at room temperature.
For thicknesses below 50 mm, tensile (transverse) shall be taken from one of ends of each
plate from transverse ¼ thickness location at room temperature in accordance with
ASTM/ASME standards requirements or equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
2.2.3.4. Impact Testing

Impact testing specimens shall be taken from both ends of each plate in the transverse direction
at ¼ T and ½ T plate location for thicknesses over 38 mm.
For thicknesses below 38 mm, impact testing shall be taken at 1/4T location and according to
ASTM/ASME standards requirements.
Impact tests shall be conducted in accordance with code requirements, except that there shall
be no exemptions from impact testing, and the test temperature shall be the Minimum Design
Metal Temperature with the following requirements:
• 55 Joules for minimum average value,
• 48 Joules for minimum individual value.
Lateral expansion and percent shear fracture for each specimen shall be reported.
2.2.3.5. Macro hardness testing

Hardness survey shall be performed on macro cross section according to the Vickers hardness
test method defined in the European norm EN 1043-1, under 10 kg load.
Each specimen shall include hardness survey across the wall thickness of the plate and shall
not exceed 248 HV10 with a target at 235 HV10 max.
2.2.4. Non destructive examination

All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance with ASTM A578 supplementary
requirements S1 (scanning shall be continuous over 100% of the plate surface) or equivalent
ISO/EN Specification.
In case of integrally bounded clad plate, supplementary requirement S12 shall be applied.
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ASTM A578, level B, or equivalent ISO/EN
Specification.
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Appendix 4
Ultrasonic examination procedure from plate supplier shall be submitted to CONTRACTOR for
approval.
2.2.5. Dimensional/visual
Any under thickness beyond to code acceptance limit shall be cause of rejection of the plates.
Unless otherwise agreed by the CONTRACTOR, repair by welding shall not be permitted.
2.3. Forging
2.3.1. Base material
Forgings including those used for shell, heads, flanges and nozzles, shall conform to all
requirements of SA 336 Grade F5, or equivalent ISO/EN Specification.
2.3.2. Steel making process/heat treatment

The restrictions defined in § 2.2.2 of Appendix 4 for plates shall be fully applied for forgings.
Forgings may be accelerated cooled in a liquid medium from an austenitizing temperature.
The forging manufacturer shall report the size of billet (or ingot) used for each part, the final
reduction in cross-sectional area and amount of upsetting with respect to the billet (or ingot) and
the complete heat treating procedure.
Proposed forging procedure shall be submitted to CONTRACTOR. The forging ratio that is the
cross section before forging divided by the cross section after forging shall be equal to 2 as a
minimum.
The minimum temperature of tempering shall always be higher than the final Post Weld Heat
Treatment of the equipment by more than 20°C.
2.3.3. Testing
2.3.3.1. Simulated Heat Treatment

One set of mechanical test specimens shall prepared and subjected to the simulated heat
treatment of 3 cycles of original PWHT (to anticipate any potential repair in fabrication and on
site) and any influence of production Post Heating after welding in the total Heat treatment cycle
using Larsen Miller parameter.
2.3.3.2. Mechanical Properties

Idem 2.2.3.2 of Appendix 4.
2.3.3.3. Tensile Tests

For thicknesses over 3 inches (75 mm), tensile tests shall be performed at ¼ and ½ thickness
location at room temperature and transverse to the direction of the greatest elongation.
For thicknesses below 75 mm, tensile tests shall be performed at ¼ thickness location at
room temperature and thickness location at design temperature and transverse to the direction
of the greatest elongation and according standard requirements”
2.3.3.4. Impact Testing

For thicknesses over 3 inches (75 mm), one set of three Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be
taken from each forging at each tensile test location. The test specimens shall be oriented
transverse to the direction of greatest forging elongation. Impact test specimens shall be taken
from the ¼T and ½T thickness location.
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Appendix 4
For thicknesses below 75 mm, one set of three Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be taken
from each forging at each tensile test location. The test specimens shall be oriented transverse
to the direction of greatest forging elongation. Impact test specimens shall be taken from the
1/4T thickness location.”
Impact tests shall be conducted in accordance with code requirements, except that there shall
be no exemptions from impact testing, and the test temperature shall be the Minimum Design
Metal Temperature with the following requirements:
• 55 Joules for minimum average value,
• 48 Joules for minimum individual value.
Lateral expansion and percent shear fracture for each specimen shall be reported.
2.3.3.5. Macro hardness testing
Hardness survey shall be performed on macro cross section according to the Vickers hardness
test method defined in the European norm EN 1043-1, under 10 kg load.
Each specimen shall include hardness survey across the wall thickness of the plate and shall
not exceed 250 HV10 with a target at 235 HV10 max.
2.3.4. Non destructive examination
All forgings, except those produced in standard dies, shall be machined after heat treatment and
prior to final magnetic particle and ultrasonic examination. The surface finish shall be Ra 6.3µm
/ 250µinch AA (See ASME B46.1) or smoother:
• all forgings shall be 100% ultrasonically tested in accordance with ASTM A 388 using both
straight and angle beam. Acceptance criteria shall be as specified in ASME Section VIII
Division 2 § AM 203.2 or equivalent ISO/EN Specification,
• all forgings shall be examined either by magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination.
Ultrasonic examination procedure from the forging supplier shall be submitted to
CONTRACTOR for approval.
Unless otherwise advised by the CONTRACTOR repair by welding are prohibited.
2.3.5. Dimensional/visual
Any under thickness beyond to code acceptance limit shall be cause of rejection of the plates.
Unless otherwise agreed by the CONTRACTOR, repair by welding shall not be permitted.
2.4. Welding consumables

Prior to fabrication, welding consumables are subjected to screening test.
2.4.1. Screening tests
Each lot of welding consumables (filler metal, covered electrodes, wire/flux combinations) shall
be tested by the pressure vessel manufacturer prior to fabrication using the intended WPS.
Screening groove weld test assemblies can be done either:
• on the same base material of the order or equivalent (equivalent material shall be
approved by the CONTRACTOR) of sufficient base material thickness but not less than
1”½ (38 mm),
• or concurrently with the Procedure Qualification (PQR).
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Appendix 4
Screening test program shall include, after 3 cycles of PWHT:

• chemical analysis,
• tensile tests,
• impact test,
• hardness test.
3. Welding qualifications
Same testing as per base material
4. Preheating
Refer to main part § 11.
5. Post heating
Heating rate ≤ 100°C per hour up to 150°C and then ≤ 150°C per hour to the holding
temperature.
Minimum heating rate shall not be less than 50°C/hour.
Degassing temperature shall be at least 50°C above the equipment operating temperature where
possible, but always at least 20°C lower than material tempering temperature and 250°C minimum.
The recommended degassing holding temperature range is between 350°C and 400°C. Holding
time shall be 15 minutes per 5 mm-wall thickness or part thereof. For metal thickness above
40 mm degassing time shall be at least 5 min per mm of wall thickness.
Cooling rate ≤ 150°C per hour down to 200°C and then cool in still air. Minimum cooling rate
shall not be less than 50°C/hour.
Cooling shall be slow down under fibber glass.
6. Post weld heat treatment

The equipment shall receive Post Weld Heat Treatment in a furnace (Local PWHT shall not be
used). However, final closing seam with local PWHT shall require CONTRACTOR approval.
PWHT shall be accomplished after all welds of the pressure boundary have been completed
(including lugs or attachment welds).
Thermocouples shall be flash welded or mechanically bonded to the equipment pressure
boundary. A minimum of six thermocouples shall be used, attached to the thickest and thinnest
weldments, at top and bottom of the pressure boundary and the test coupons if any. In case of
wall thickness exceeding 50mm a minimum of two thermocouples shall be located inside the
vessel, and located close to main nozzles like manways or large inlet/outlet nozzles. All
thermocouple attachments shall be adequately insulated to avoid temperature misreading
caused by the effect of radiation.
Temperature shall be continuously recorded. A chart of the heatup, soak and cooldown while at
temperature above 300°C is required. Time intervals shall be recorded with temperature clearly
indicated.
Thread and gasket surfaces shall be suitably protected from excessive oxidation during heat
treatment.
Unless otherwise specified by steel maker and code requirements the recommended range of
temperature is minimum 670°C.
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Appendix 4
PWHT procedures shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR for review prior to setting up the
qualified welding procedure.
PWHT procedures shall include as a minimum the following information:
• temperature range,
• holding time,
• heating and cooling rates,
• number and location of thermocouples reported on a sketch,
• calibration of thermocouple,
• furnace type,
• support type number and location,
• extent of heat treatment/sequences.
All welding shall be completed before final Post Weld Heat Treatment.
7. Non destructive examination extend for 5% chromium

Non-destructive examination procedures and performance shall be qualified in accordance with
applicable code requirements and local regulations prior to production fabrication.
Non destructive examination shall be as specified by code and CONTRACTOR/COMPANY’s
specifications supplemented by the following.
7.1. Welds
After Final After
Type of Joint Before PWHT
PWHT Hydrostatic test
Butt RT 100% (1) UT 100% (1) MT 100%
MT 100% MT 100%
PMI (3) Hardness (5)
Corner UT 100% UT 100% (1) MT 100%
MT 100% MT 100%
Tee and nozzles connexions RT or UT 100% RT or UT 100% (1) MT 100%
full penetrated MT 100% MT 100%
Fillet welds MT 100 % MT 100 % N.A
Repaired welds RT 100% (1) RT 100% (1) N.A
MT 100% MT 100%
Hardness (5)
Temporary welds 100% MT or PT 100% PT N.A.
Notes:
(1) In case of difficulties, RT may be substituted by UT with approval of CONTRACTOR. Substitution possible when thickness over
35 mm with double wall technique and thickness over 50 mm with single wall technique
(3) 100% of welds and components.
(5) Hardness test shall consist of at least one HV Vickers hardness measurements in weld metal which shall be taken on each longitudinal and
circumferential weld seam and each diameter of branch connection nozzle. Each welding procedure used shall be tested
Hardness results shall not exceed 250 HV10
7.2. Additional testing

All machined surfaces of flanges for gaskets shall be 100% penetrant tested after PWHT.
Page 46/56
Appendix 5
Appendix 5 Additional requirements for ultrasonic testing

of weld overlay
1. Scope
This annex describes the requirements for manual ultrasonic examination by contact of the weld
overlay and clad restoring
2. Stage examination:
Before PWHT: Extent 100% weld overlay,
After PWHT: Extent by grid 100 x 100 mm.
3. Personnel Certification
UT examination shall be performed by personnel certified in accordance with ASNT
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A, European norm EN 473 or ISO 9712 for Ultrasonic
examination in the relevant industrial sector (Welding).
4. Examination Equipment
The instrument type to be used shall be an impulsion generator (pulse-echo type).
The examination is carried out with Impulsion generator capable of frequencies between 1 to 5 Mhz.
The Impulsion generator shall have been checked at the beginning of each period of extended
use or every 3 months (whichever is less) according to the appendices I and II of ASME Section
V Article 4.
The scanning speed shall not exceed 150mm/s.
5. Coupling
The coupling will be, cellulose glue added with water or equivalent.
The couplants used on austenitic stainless steel or titanium shall not contain more than 250 ppm
of halides (chlorides plrs fluorides).
The couplants used on nickel base alloys shall not contain more than 250 ppm of sulphur.
6. Surface finish
All scanning surfaces shall be clean, sufficiently uniform and smooth to maintain a satisfactory
acoustic coupling.
7. Examination
7.1. Scanning from base material side
7.1.1. Probes
OL 0° E/R ø 10 or 24 mm, 4 MHz if Th. < 100 mm or 2 MHz if Th. ≥ 100 mm.
Page 47/56
Appendix 5
7.1.2. Calibration block

The thickness of the weld overlay shall be identical to the weld overlay thickness to be
examined during fabrication.
• 1 Flat hole ø 10 mm ± 0,4 mm drilled to the weld overlay surface until base material
interface.
• 1 Groove width 3 mm ± 0,4 mm and Lg 38 mm machine on the weld overlay until the base
material interface.
7.1.3. Calibration
Calibration is made using a calibration block according to the following sketch.
The gain shall be set so that this response on artificial defect) is 80% (+/-5%) of full screen
height (Reference A %).
7.1.4. Scanning
The scanning is performed according to the following sketch.
During search, the gain shall be increased + 6dB minimum.
The examination may be performed from base material and the search unit may be moved
perpendicular or parallel to the weld direction.
7.2. Scanning from weld overlay side
7.2.1. Probes
OL 0° E/ R separated (dual probe) φ 10 or 24 mm, 4 MHz.
7.2.2. Calibration
Calibration is made using a calibration block according to the following sketch.
Page 48/56
Appendix 5
The gain shall be set so that this response on artificial defect is 80% (± 5%) of full screen height
(reference A%).
7.2.3. Calibration block

1 hole ø 3 mm ± 0,4 mm Lg 38 mm drilled on base material near weld overlay.
7.2.4. Scanning
Scanning is performed according to the following sketch.
During search, the gain shall be increased + 6dB minimum.
The examination shall be performed from weld overlay side with the plane separating the
elements of the dual element search unit positioned parallel to the axis of the weld bead.
The search unit shall be moved perpendicular to the weld direction.
For Weld Overlay on Tube Sheet, scanning shall be performed only from the WO side.
8. Recording Examination
All indications with a amplitude ≥ 50% (reference A%) shall be recording.
When grid scanning is performed an indication (≥ 50% reference A%) is detected along a given
grid line, the entire surface area of the squares adjacent to these indications shall be scanned.
9. Evaluation of indication
9.1. Scanning
All the scanning shall be performed from the carbon steel side. When it’s impossible, scanning
from WO side is allowed.
An indication is considered as a surface indication if its reply is corresponding to the reply of the
flat hole Ǿ 10 mm on the calibration block.
An indication is considered as elongated if its reply is corresponding to the reply of the Groove
width 3 mm on the calibration block.
Page 49/56
Appendix 5
9.2. Measurement
In all cases, the indication size shall be determined by the WO side.
The indication will be dimensioned by the – 6 dB fall method.
For an indication considered as a surface indication, its Surface S (mm²) shall be determined.
For an indication considered as a volumique elongated indication, its Length L (mm) shall be
determined.
10. Acceptance criteria

Two indications are considered as one if are separated by a distance less than the greatest
dimension of the larger indication
10.1. Level Hydrogen service

Are unacceptable, all indications ≥ 100% reference A% with:
• flat bottom hole Ø 10 mm,
• groove width 3 mm.
Surface indication: S ≥ 450 mm2 encompassed within a circle whose diameter is 25 mm.
Volumique elongated indication: L ≥ 150 mm.
10.2. Level Corrosion

Are unacceptable, all indications ≥ 100% reference A% with:
• flat bottom hole Ø 10 mm,
• groove width 3 mm.
Surface indication: S ≥ 4500 mm² encompassed within a circle whose diameter is 75 mm.
Volumique elongated indication: L ≥ 1500 mm.
10.3. WO on tube sheet

Two indications are considered as one if are separated by a distance less than the greatest
dimension of the larger indication.
• Surface Indication ≥ 100% Reference A% (calibration block Position A) :
Are unacceptable, all indications with l x L > 20 mm² (equivalent surface hole Ø 5 mm).
• Elongated volumique indication ≥ 100% Reference A% (calibration block Position B):
Are unacceptable, all indications with L > 10 mm.
In addition, PT test after machining Weld Overlay is required on Tube-sheet with no defect.
11. Examination Report

For each examination the following information shall be recorded on report for each examination
the following information shall be recorded on report:
• reference to the used procedure,
• reference to the examined weld overlay,
Page 50/56
Appendix 5
• number report,
• the examination stage and extend,
• the equipment used (flaw deflector, probe and calibration block),
• the calibration conditions,
• the examination results and cartography of the indications ≥ 50% of Reference A%,
• operator’s name, level and signature,
• date of examination.
Page 51/56
Appendix 6
Appendix 6 Weld Preparation for Clad Restoration
When welding from both sides:

1. Cladding material shall be removed a minimum distance of 6 mm from the edge of all weld
seams.
2. Complete removal of cladding shall be verified along the complete length of each joint using
a copper sulfate solution.
3. The edge preparation for the base metal shall be as outlined in Fig. D-2.
4. Acceptable butt joint designs for welding clad steel from both sides are shown in Fig. D-2.
5. The base material shall be welded in accordance with the procedure for the base metal
involved.
Figure D-1 Procedure Details for Welding Alloy and Clad Plate
Page 52/56
Appendix 6
Figure D-2 Butt Joint Design for Welding Clad Steel from Both Sides
Page 53/56
Appendix 6
Figure D-3 Overlay Welded Nozzle to Shell Head
Page 54/56
Appendix 7
Appendix 7 Titanium and its alloys
Welding processes
Only manual or automatic TIG welding with direct current straight polarity (DCSP) shall be
admissible.
• Back shielding gas shall always be used.
• The nozzle shall be chosen with a large diameter to prevent entrainment of air. The
shielding argon gas flow shall in no case be disrupted by any external flows (suction or
blowing).
• The welding cycle shall always include a shielding gas time delay before arc striking
(pregas) and after arc fading (post gas).
• The welding sets shall have a "High Frequency" generator for contactless arc striking.
• The welding current shall be gradually decreased (arc fading) to minimise the crater and
shrinkage effect.
Welding products
• The filler metal shall be the same grade as the base metal.
• The argon used shall be of quality U (high purity).
Welding method
The welding shall be carried out:
• either in a sealed enclosure which can be placed under a vacuum at 10-2 mm Hg then
filled with argon;
• or under trailing shields (made of porous sintered metal) designed to shield the front and
back of the weld in order to cool the bath under argon after welding.
In addition, for fast automatic welding of longitudinal joints, copper blocks shall be placed on
either side of the weld to provide good lateral cooling.
For welding tubes which are generally thin (thickness less than one millimetre) to tube sheets
which are generally thin, the following grooved preparation shall be used. Its use allows a more
constant preparation for the sheet/tube weld, the groove must be at a distance (b) from the
drilled hole and shall be at least equal to the tube thickness (e).
Page 55/56
Appendix 7
Inspections
The inspections to be carried out shall be, in addition to the 100% radiographic inspection:
• two tensile tests in the crosswise direction;
• one bend on the front side and one on the back side, the ram shall have a width of 2 x e
for non-alloyed titanium or Pd alloyed titanium and 4 x e for the other titanium alloys;
• a hardness profile.
• No repairs to the welds shall be permitted. All welds containing at least one unacceptable
defect shall be completely reworked.
Page 56/56

General Specification: Welding - Materials

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Refining & Chemicals

Welding of pressure vessels and heat exchangers

00 12/2012 Original issue

This document is the official English version

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

2. Reference documents ............................................................................................. 4

5. Welding data book .................................................................................................. 8

6. Welders qualification ............................................................................................ 12

8. Welding consumables .......................................................................................... 16

9. Weld joint preparation .......................................................................................... 23

10. Fabrication ............................................................................................................. 24

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

10.3 Provisions relating to welding and weld position............................................................ 26

11. Preheat / Post heat ................................................................................................ 27

12. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ...................................................................... 29

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

TOTAL General Specifications

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

2.1 Priority rules

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

5. Welding data book

5.1 Weld map / Weld Key form

5.2 Welding procedure specification (WPS)

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

b) Parent metal specification and thickness.

5.3 Welding Procedure Qualification Tests

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

5.3.2 Hardness tests

A minimum of 10 hardness readings shall be performed by traverse line measurement.

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

5.3.3 Fillet Welds

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

5.3.4.1 Austenitic stainless Steel

5.3.4.2 Duplex Stainless Steel

5.3.5 Dissimilar welds PQR

6.1 Welder performance registration

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

e) reference to WPS used,

7.2 Welding Process restriction

7.2.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

7.2.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

7.2.3 Flux Cored arc welding

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

7.2.4 Gas Metal arc welding

7.2.5 Submerged arc welding

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

Welding consumables shall be selected such as:

8.2 Welding consumable classification

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8.3 Filler metal selections

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

Base metal ASME Coated ASME Welding wires

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00

ASME Coated ASME

70 Cu 30 Ni SFA 5.6 E Cu/Ni SFA 5.14 ER CuNi

8.3.6 Austenitic/ferritic Stainless steel (duplex)

8.4 Dissimilar materials

8.4.1 Carbon to low alloys

Refining & Chemicals GS RC WAM 001 Rev: 00