09-12.-19 __AERODYNAMICS -To Unit - Gntveduction 0} Low Speed Flow: Euler ecyucction, incompressible bernowlli's equucctfen , cfrculotion and vorticity , greens Asmma and Atroke’s eqyuctien Aheorem, baxotropic flow, kKelvin's Aheorem, Atreamline, Steream dunctien, Wrrotatienal +lew potential unctien , equipotential Aines, elementoruy 4lows and thefy combinations Unit -IL- To dimensional dnviectd dncompremt ble flow © deal 4low over a circular cylinder , D’Alembert’s pasaclox, magnus effect » Kutta joukowski’s Ahoorem, Arasiting vortex, Kutta condition » Yea! 4oow over amooth and rough cylinder | Unit - I Atrgetl theory | Conehy -viemann velatfons - eorplex potential , methodology 1 con jovial Sranstormedion , Kutta. joRewski ‘trans pormatfen and ths applicctiens , nin afy4sil Aeon and fs applicotien unit -Ty Subsonic Wing Theory. Vortex filament, biot and savaxt Low, bound vortex, and droiling vortex, hovse Poe Vortex Mpting Arne theory and tts Limitaciens Unit -¥ ntroduction 20 Boundosy bayer Theory © Boundosuy Jasyer ard boundasey dayer shicknes , displacem- cent thicknen » momentum 4nicknes » energy thickness - Arope parameter, bounday tayer eoyuations yor a. “steady, wo dimeruional Incomprenible +4low: boundoy Joayor growth Over a flock plate, cvitica! syeynolds number, blousius solution, basics 9} aurbulent flowtoad Aerodynamics. stucy oF “the behaviows ob the wbfect When moving anrough aly, Unit - Sntroduction do low Sped Flow: : V- velocity Spacer : Volume | vps DP 4 Qh >, P Mes Serge ys Be Divergence ef Vector ; Vv =Dhergence of V 4 Vi=VaT + VyT+Vve® V. Vessl 35.4 #853 + 2) (WP +Vy Ty +VeR) HEE yxv- |i 7k ~ 7 / _2vyI Tone eta od Ley ~oz) Ont OY oz 1 Vo Vy Ve V-V =0'++' condition 8 incomprexibility V-V #0 —> condition 5 comprossibf Uty . VXvV = 0, = condition “of Trrotationaltty . VxV 40—» condtHfen of Yotatienal 4tow.seat Eee line integral AN fo ae closed ope, 4 . i curve C = fads a b 7 A =§ A.dé a Line Fretegras : Az §A.de ‘fpr Closed cuwe ¢ pceeeeetttiae * pads peer a Surface Srttegras ; am °, A» Vector All oa Nant & fl ass Eolas tara) ' +} aa Beaded “¢ ou A Vector plied dy, § Axds { ao2 Vector) dip & pds ( F>seolon Vo lume Srtegral : Baa A Stroke Theorem « ba de -§ eyed s| Divergence *+heovem - o ot = Wector) Gade - “Bowar rradient theo: - % 1) Rseblendinecndts Grde “ cvoae App*roa 4 1. Sattnttely ama quid, elerment approach in'= rho out > may Be "Cortyo}, volume approash— Uechanges 19. shape gpd olume 3. Molecules approach. Contre) volume approach My be } Fiked MbVingy Continuity Eoyuotion:. (lows of comervasi 7 V~Velocf: a B~ Volume. Net mas flow out ele Biase through the £.8 instde ea mows fn smo put . C.V-+ contyo) volume.” C. 38> Gortrol *WwHace. L-HS An mos i wrote 4 quid” Fe Ads Vg aS the elemental ¢.3 ‘de’ mows low rote of quid Pxv. as Sigh tine cterrenl we ate “g @iG cee -_ Re. S ov 2th ab A 4 mow % just tratde dhe elemental ¢@.% \dw = PxAV+g mows * ura” “trate dhe elemental @.\% (\+) ~ g PAV > ® Time ‘vote ae a} om pai 3 Ane contyo\ volume eS sb Orr O. G pves -- 2; Geuv Grvas + 2, EB Pav +08 Ls sits eaatfon is used 4 tnd she oveval! velo’ For" Yndiing he velocity ot a Afstinct pofnt the eqjuotion hos be AT Berentiated | le arog i al he pvae’ + dvs | 4 3 We 20. | Fixed anne Be | {Jrvas + & aoe | | t By divergence sthebvei Grvas = Buen» oat 2Aub 8 in ©. § [Lv Pun de} ar no =. ve PV + Bo 0) es OMS UT wT ewe OP DPtwy', BPW) OPW) + SPUN) = @ “Ot Ox “Sy omit For ace ee kg =O - Ry ane flow P=c. ww +a 4 BW Ox By Dz N-VR-14 Body 4orce, “Fovces Ci # "Bipestiow Pores 1) > Viscous force.tn Blows 's Crivel Body force: Out flow —» r+yive Let ‘f+ net body qpree/ unit mans. * Body over acting en elemental CV (dy): Pédey Not bocty force a en contol volume (dU) = er) Mayo v. Presoute force: , ‘ Prem wie goer acts on’ clamentat t.8 (de) =-P.de Net prevwe force acts en conte! Auygace (8) = - § P.der® Viscous poree: Fyvts > ® LHS @+6+0 LHS - fi rg av - rds + Fue — 6 . 3 R-H-S = Rate a change ef momentum wv f ont Net momentum 4qpw nut 6) i pale oe 4 cranes CV anaory the 6-8. cv ctu Ao unsteady fluctuations y I cm) ww Ar: momentum flow through she elemental c.8 (ds) = (Av.ds)v elemental a | Net momertum Slow siverough the control Awuace (ens) (6) =Eee eters TITEL Peete ee jp Ao: ie | Bremer 4 tlufd irufde. Ahe elernerttal c.\ (dt) = | c (Paw. im ‘rode of change > rromertum of uid tnuide -the elemental Cc. (dv) = 2 (Pvdv) [the vote ®}" change % momentum of "4a Trafde ‘the elomerntal c.U lv) =~ 2 2 g pvdv+@ RHs ®+@ | RAS Gv dere 2 irre | | 6-® i | Sf rgav —§p.ds+ Fue. Ah (Pv: dey + 2 ff (Ava) | ¥ s _ 8 8 =e | tvn® L+® | Dijfererctfol 4owm of: | al M44? g (VPA + Fyys = -¥f (VPV) VA + ie 24 pvdye lin ‘x! dfrection i Bdytg- Ve (Puv): - 22 dave iG lr. BE + (Bdvig- ¥. Fev) BE (ui) AV 20, jin’ y’ Afrvection: | en -¥+ Udyis - VP ¥V) ~ 22 tw] av =o. v “ |.. in x direction: fata ae <9 ov) * BLY > ® “tnt ‘Mivecttons” ‘ . : P4y 2 + lFuydis = VOM) FE) —— 4 a MPU aaa , 5 « UNavier Adore | | ee ny _—“ | | | | | | { No body ype = = Mp 4pr steady flow = B. -o for Trcompressi ble ye & hrecy\; | 40 fnvieid. flow » Fite <0. -2P - y. (Pov) Jeet Ba ) : ‘ h oT Euler, / ap . g (bP) @. w | aye OY ; ki ~BP Ly (Pw) Ee wdy -vdz -o, | eee eoyuodion: |» Be ww (evy* wdy =Vdz | | P(BB)+ Pv wu=-aP | Vax -wd> <0 dz = Welz | Vi PYen ys 4 i F ed aah pes Berle pyivu S43! : Vax - dy =p, [omen | Vdeo = Udy (UPavpowe)- | U. 8 gay uae | (mete nego), Bda+u 20 dys = Udvg,. | =) we aa de< Bede Pax i % HB By dy s [BE Ranked derivative noe “of ld convective coat 2 O% ; = dovivative. § %-Adirection: Vru(x YZ) He ry+y Ao U Busdaes vay + be Pe w. 4 - * 02 VP ax. d (U) = Momerturs oo dx} a DPI) +V.(AV)H =~ 2P UB do Be aye Be $A? « “ip at a, U.2P 4/20 [u.e+ra0 + el T [ivdy-v. da] alten des) a Udy] +¥ Bx -vdy] =o. = S = é r g REnergy equation: [Low of concenvalior a ON yyy Ph UN they = i \e tas pdr aay From rc tow of Thermo chy nount ca : | ‘day + aw =de30. day yoke of Te er heating of puri Snsfde «the Conserol volume. ‘ aw —> rose 4 work done on dhe system, de —> vate g Chesnge ef, internat ener qi. absovbtten of vadfasion }r0m outside, ae ‘ fot on dus ob Stud ternents = alosoriotien 9% ~odtation dus bile ey Chem cal, | reaction, combustion proces. let oy —> wrote of volume heating Juni ros, day + K pa dv + Qj, —@. * | v Rote & workdone on the Aystem = FY» @ | Bed ieee ee | Fares Z—Premwu doves! os § fe Viscous #072 Rade of Pero on (C-¥) dus 4o body force = Qi (784) vo, | | | Rote of workdone on Cr dut sto promue | pree = g- gene NVi | | Rode 44 workdone en CB dus 4p viscous yore = | Wits > Gf Pivav -Beds-v + Wvis 8 Ss de : o> Triternal energy per unit mas. e HE mos Total energy quid postictes 7. z(e ney inside the Lc v/ maw “3 ) de —> Net energy: gjow pus, % otfme. vote o Charge S vw thraugh tne 8 a cow Me the -gunanieng B42 > sf (e+? .. o 1 kins’ = RAS é ri ody + Ove + ysiae- Pv de + rss Bie Bogan arog Josn teed) rlergae ob aw Di jperential "Boren : : Uv. de) = a (Vv. Pag, ae divergence | - t 4 +theovem | 2 Y (rte de » a ¥ bads ene yy) ab si [Paty Qyeg + (FV)-V- (PY) Wy VT (p(es?)v) - af (erty lav =o. Pay sing #PU Vv. (P+ Whe « ¥. (P(E S)) # oP 2F tov?) L@ | flow adiabatic , d= 0 With no bedy doree » 4 =o Invisefd Zlow » vie =0. Steady tow 3B =0. yg. |? (ov =v Pv)] Ce me a Pee |. caleulating PG 3 @=CyT Ts? Theovetfeally 1 & = ~ P= PRT Conifrvatien : aes Bly fr y~ dfvecfon’ Yo dlv?) = -y, aye uy tn 2 ~- direction: | Wp d (wa =f 2F - yd [vaveews} = ~Yp [BE ax 2 i aed Yad [v4) = ~yp (AP). Pic hte yxavedy a year ny Jivar bs Pyelh , Atreanaine, Arveaktine, Patnline. ye ( : Fathline:. B |Gtreofline: 1 | | Akeady flow : s | 3 | Untorne 4low With yerpect to Space 8 aero | NonUnt dorm dows 8 Bae FO Viscous flow: 7 The eject eh Apfetion fe, eortdeved Fis #0 Gnviscd dow: 4 | Fis =0. Compressible Vs Sneomprenible + (P #0) ((V-v) #0) =e) (V-v) =o) Rotational Ve Tyrototibnal flow : y ‘ VxXvV #0 Vxv=0Vortex low: v7 Y= strom function + unction of apace ore -fme Whose pectial dovivative uty be any br of ft atv. give velocity component Ae lonly for 2% a fe a Ascetlor. Cantcifonat shlow' = OW 7d ? oy SHEE EEE px to Ww) Vy = OY Vp = ~ OY vy 00 OY D - Velectty potertial unetion : G4 fs a scolan 4uncten of Apoce and | 4¥me = whose negative derivotive, Ww b any | div. will give voloc Fy component in 4arne D +ttow).{ friototfonaly | Atreetfon, (used only oy 2- ee oe we ee BC OY Oz | eee ae 2b xe) vy op ” azPoe tee eee ee “| Reladionshlp between Wp cg Ye Wey) dp - ve da +2t >-Vde 4 Udy 0 Udy = Vdeo | | (Me ly,2 O =dly db ~-_d a b oe dx ] dy ~0 Udee +Vdy =o udse »-Vay | foe = ep dyy oe (ax Geo dul ( dae Cireulation v %& Vortterty: Cirewlation I —4toe t -V 7 ~$v ds yee — M/sVowel ty GB = AUT : us - angulax @ Velociby . Ve yur ur =v 7 Unit + vod] geq. & =u. & = (VXV).n. | M=-6 vide = -ff (9m de 8 ar =- (Vxv).ndé IF = -(vxv.n = -4&n 22 14 Elementosuy lows . ). Uni dorm tow 2. Source plows, 3. Sink tow 4. Doublet low, 5. Voytex -tlow. Unfgovm low: Ne =U —— ee To died v —— tnd To find V9 U=Vip 1 veo, Abyeam dun ctien :Uxv =0- Vv =O. From volume -Alow vate of Aource. Elemental mous Yow ate ~ Pxvyxvde. or mar you vyocke = I? VW vdo.f yr oO M = PV or ox doy = PM vy (QADL M = 2x7. Vy (P)L —>@ Von th. aay Wy Ad Pp eae V = 2AT. Wy 1 —+@ ge 48 | ee isc Aergth > any VadTT rerrresereterrrrerreerreereteeeeateets A = AXY Ny Ve eo a 9 Compu 0 1®. ee a: Qry C=A_ (rm [A =8%C| 27 Relotion betwen Ws >Note: L ————_____— oe ee : ebine Atreg, = Flow over the semi. frginite body; * Define ane” a» Find velocts comporren, a Find Atagnasy, Pofnt : the Aemd ingirite Ao 4 GOUMCE 4, Flow axveand, 4 flow body. = Voombined~ Vo TSine +H (0) —0 Te Finel Vr & Ve Ve eb BY + & [Me vino» 2 | 1 : A eat [v= ¥ 0636 at = Vo C&O +A —+@ Wy ui ony =~ 2h Lo ‘efne 40] : Dee 2 [ve% tee 7 Vo = ~ [Ve sind] >, To find the bog nation points : Wr=0, Ve=0 | al VWeoloesre Where Vg =o »@ =xWhere » Vy =O, VoCso+A_ Lo any Voo COb (7%) = AL 2aY No = 7A Prva y= _A IRVeo yx Vent sin 8 + A (6) Sub 09 = (Baer). : A y OFA | Yee 2; Veonss = Yor Meet Ver ee Veo ¥ SING @_A o td ~ (81 - 6) let O=0,=0 -0. | @A ro When , 9-6;=6, =* @8 y-o a