Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity

Population Land Area Number of Employed Persons

１27,094,745 377,972㎢ 59,611,589
2015 2016 2010

Number of Establishments Number of Enterprises Ratio of Small and

5,541,634 1,750,071 Medium Enterprises
2014 2014 99.7％
2014

Number of Foreign- Number of Enterprises Capitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More

Affiliated Companies
3,158 5,919
2016 2014

Gross Domestic Product (Nominal) Prefectural income per capita (all prefectures total)
532.2 trillion yen 3,065 thousand yen
FY2015 FY2013
*2011 average

Loans Outstanding of Banks (Domestically Licensed)

474.0 trillion yen
end of December2016

Number of Foreign Visitors

24.0 million
2016( preliminar y)

Number of Factories Value of Manufactured Goods Shipments Value of Exports Value of Imports
393,391  287.3 trillion yen 70.4 trillion yen 66.0 trillion yen
2011 2011 2016( revised) 2016( preliminar y)

Number of Establishments Annual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail) Number of Universities 777 Number of Research
(Wholesale, Retail) Institutes for National Sciences
1,407,235 478.8 trillion yen Number of Students 2,873,624
2014 2014 FY2016 5,641
2014
*including establishments owned by national and local governments

Ratio of Tertiary Industry Persons Engaged in Work Gross Prefectural Product Number of Establishments
(Service Activities) (all prefectures total) (Information and Communications)
70.6％ 99.8 trillion yen ６6,236
2012 FY2013 2014

[Sources] ・MIC “Population Census” ・CAO “Annual Report on National Accounts” ・MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”
・Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku, Machi and Mura” ・CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts” ・METI “Census of Commerce”
・MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame” ・BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market” ・MEXT “School Basic Survey”
・Small and Medium Enterprise Agency ・JNTO materials ・MIC “Employment Status Survey”
“White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan” ・MIC / METI
・Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory” “Economic Census for Business Activity: Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”

2 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity

Population Daytime Population Land Area Number of Employed

Persons (based on workplace)
13,515,271（10.6％） 15,576,130 2,191㎢（0.6％）
2015 2010 2016
8,174,194（13.7％）
2010

Number of Establishments Number of Enterprises Ratio of Small and

Medium Enterprises
653,819（11.8％） 272,754（15.6％） 99.0％
2014 2014 2012

Number of Foreign- Number of Enterprises

Affiliated Companies Capitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More
2,419（76.6％） 2,964（50.1％）
2016 2014

Gross Prefectural Domestic Product (Nominal) Prefectural income per capita

95. 4trillion yen 4,508 thousand yen（147.1％）
FY2015( preliminar y) FY2013
※ 2005 average

Loans Outstanding of Banks

(Domestically Licensed)
201.2 trillion yen（42.4％）
end of December 2016

Number of Foreign Travelers to Tokyo

11.9 million
2015

Number of Factories Value of Manufactured Value of Exports Value of Exports (Port of Tokyo,
Goods Shipments (Port of Tokyo, Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport) Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport)
３4,879（8.9％）
2011
8.9trillion yen（3.1％） 15.2 trillion yen（21.7％） 22.6 trillion yen（34.2％）
2011
2016( preliminar y) 2016( preliminar y)

Number of Establishments Annual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail) Number of Universities Number of Research
(Wholesale, Retail) 137（17.6％） Institutes for National Sciences
167.9 trillion yen（35.1％） Number of Students 746,397（26.0％）
157,968（11.2％） 2014
889（15.8％）
FY2016 2014
2014 *including establishments owned by national and local governments

Ratio of Tertiary Industry Gross Prefectural Product (Service Activities) Number of Establishments
Persons Engaged in Work (Information and Communications)
81.5％ 19.1 trillion yen（19.2％） 22,590（34.1％）
2012 FY2013 2014
Percentage in parentheses represents the proportion to the national total.

[Sources] ・MIC “Population Census” ・TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts, preliminary and estimated” ・Tokyo Customs materials
・Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku, Machi and Mura” ・CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts” ・METI “Census of Commerce”
・BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market” ・MEXT “School Basic Survey”
・MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”
・TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs materials ・MIC “Employment Status Survey”
・TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research
・MIC / METI
・Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory” “Economic Census for Business Activity : Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 3

 Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

While Forming a Huge Economic Base, Tokyo Faces

1 Tokyo’s Economy is Comparable to a Country’s Economy

Gross domestic product (nominal) by country Gross prefectural product (nominal) and prefectural
(worldwide, 2014) income per capita by prefecture (nationwide, FY2013)

(100 billion US dollars)

180 173.5 (Trillion yen) Prefectural income (1,000 yen)
120 per capita (right axis) 5,000
160
4,508
140
100
120 93.1 4,000
103.5 3,579
100
80 3,019
80 2,859
3,000
2,995 2,972
60
60
46.1
40 38.7
29.9 28.3 24.2
21.4 20.5 18.6 17.8 2,000
20 14.5 14.1 13.8 12.9 40 37.3
8.8 8.6 8.0 35.4
30.2
0
20.7
USA

China

Japan

Germany

UK

France

Brazil

Italy

India

Russia

Canada

Australia

South Korea

Spain

Mexico

Netherlands

Tokyo

Turkey

19.8 1,000
20
Gross prefectural product (nominal)

0 0
Tokyo

Osaka

Aichi

Kanagawa

Saitama

Chiba
Note: The above comparison is for 2014 (calendar year), except Tokyo (from April
1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2015) and Australia (from July 1st, 2014 to June
30th, 2015). The gross prefectural product in Tokyo is converted to US dollars
by using the 12-month simple average of the monthly average value of the
interbank spot central rates at the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market (1 US dollar
= 109.92 yen). Note: Top 6 prefectures in gross prefectural product are listed.
Source: TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts” Source: CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”

4 Establishments Mainly in “Information and 5 Number of Small and Medium Enterprises

Communications” are Concentrated in Tokyo (SMEs) Accounts for 99% of All Enterprises
Number of establishments and percentage
in the whole country by industry (Tokyo, 2014) Number of enterprises by industry and enterprise size,
and percentage of SMEs (Tokyo, 2012)
(10,000 establishments) (%)
30 Percentage in the whole country 40 Large enterprise Medium enterprise Small enterprise
(right axis)
(10,000 enterprises) (%)
14 99.6 99.7 99.2 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.7 100
34.1 35 99.2 98.7
Others 98.5
25 12 99.0 98
Percentage of
9.9 SMEs (right axis)
Company 30 10 97.0 97.2
96
8 96.1
20 94
Individual proprietorships 25 6.0
6 4.9
4.8
3.7 92
15.8 4 3.6 3.5
15 18.8 20 2.4
2 1.7
1.1 1.6 90
16.1 0.9
0.4
0 88
12.8 15
All industries total

Construction

Manufacturing

Services, n.e.c.
Information and communications

Transport and postal activities

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance and insurance

Real estate and goods rental
and leasing
Scientific research, professional
and technical services
Accommodations, eating and
drinking services

services and amusement services

Living-related and personal

Education, learning support

Medical, health care and welfare

10 11.8
10.8 11.4 11.0
9.9
8.2 10.1 12.2 11.2 13.0 6.2 9.3 10
4.9 4.3 4.8 4.8
5 4.2 4.0
5
2.3 1.8
1.6 1.1
0 0
All industries total

Construction

Manufacturing

Information and communications

Transport and postal activities

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance and insurance

Real estate and goods

rental and leasing
Scientific research, professional
and technical services
Accommodations, eating
and drinking services
Living-related and personal
services and amusement services

Services, n.e.c.
Education, learning support

Medical, health care and welfare

Note: The industrial divisions which have 1,000 or more small and medium enterprises
are listed. SMEs and small enterprises are defined in accordance with the
definitions in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Basic Act. Excludes
the establishments which are unable to classify to whether the business
establishments of SMEs or large enterprises because either industrial
classifications, number of regular employees or capital size is unknown. The
number of medium enterprises is equivalent to the number of deducting small
enterprises from SMEs. The percentage of SMEs = number of SMEs/number of
all enterprises×100.
Note: Industry divisions which have 10,000 establishments or more are listed. Source: MIC, METI “Economic Census for Business Activity” reorganized by TMG
Source: MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame” Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs

4 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics

Acceleration of Demographic Aging

2 Growth of Gross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyo 3 Tertiary Industry Accounts For About 90% of
is Expected to be Negative for Three Consecutive Years Gross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyo
Gross prefectural domestic product in Tokyo Gross prefectural domestic product (nominal) by economic
year-on-year growth rate activity and percentage of the tertiary industry (Tokyo)
(Real, Chain-linked method) (Tokyo)
(Trillion yen) (%)
Percentage of tertiary industry (right axis) 88.7
110 87.9 88.7 90
(%) 100.2
3 100 95.0 95.5 80
6.4
90 Producers of government services 5.9 5.9
2.1 2.0 70
2 19.9
80
Service activities 20.0 20.4
1.2 60
70

Tertiary industry
1 0.4 11.3
0.5
60 Information and communications 11.6 11.8 50

0 11.2 Transport
50 40
Real estate 12.3 12.4
-0.3 40 11.7
-1 -0.7 Finance and insurance 30
9.0 8.9
-1.1 30
20.9 20
-2 Wholesale and retail trade 18.8 18.4
20
-2.7 10
10 Construction
-3 7.8 Manufacturing 6.5 6.3
0 0
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15(FY)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining
-4 -3.8 Manufacturing Construction
Electricity, gas and water supply Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and insurance Real estate
-5 Transport Information and communications
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16(FY) Service activities Producers of government services
Producers of private non-profit services to households

Note: Taxes and duties on imports, and deduction of consumption taxes for gross capital
Note: Figures for FY2015 are preliminary and figures for FY2016 are estimates. formation are excluded. Figures for FY2015 are preliminary.
Source: TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”, “Annual Report on Prefectural Source: TMG “Annual Repor t on Prefectural Accounts”, “Annual Repor t on Prefectural
Accounts, preliminary and estimated” Accounts, preliminary and estimated”

6 As Demographic Aging Progresses, Population 7 Compared with Other Countries in the World,
Composition by Age Drastically Changes Rate of Aging is High in Tokyo
Population pyramid by age and sex (Tokyo) Population aging rate by country and region (worldwide)

Male 90 years old Female （％）

and over
85-89 40
2040 80-84 Estimates
(Estimates) 36.1
75-79 35
年齢別・男女別人口ピラミッド（東京）
70-74 31.3
男性 90歳以上 26.6
Japan 女性 30.8
65-69 30 29.3
85∼89
60-64 2040年 Germany
22.7 Tokyo
80∼84
26.0
（推計）
55-59 25 75∼79 24.6
2015 70∼74 23.8
50-54 23.8
65∼69
45-49 21.9
20 60∼64
Sweden
40-44 55∼59
France
2015年 50∼54
35-39 15 USA
UK
45∼49
30-34 40∼44
35∼39 China
25-29 10 30∼34
20-24 South Korea
25∼29
5.7
15-19 20∼24
5 15∼19
1980 10-14 1980年
3.8 10∼14
5-9 0 5∼9
0-4 1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 20000∼4 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
75 35 0 0 35 75 75 35 0 0 35 75
(10,000 persons) （万人）
Note: Population aging rate is the percentage of the population aged 65 and over in
the total population. Figures for Japan and Tokyo before 2015 are the actual
values based on the“Population Census”. Figures for Tokyo from 2020 and
later are estimates by the Office of the Governor for Policy Planning of TMG.
Figures for Japan from 2020 and later are estimates by using the results of
“Population Census 2010” as the standard population and do not link to the
Note: Figures before 2015 are actual values based on the "Population figures in 2015. All figures of the other countries are estimates.
Census". Figures for 2040 are estimates by the Office of the Source: MIC “Population Census”, National Institute of Population and Social Security
Governor for Policy Planning of TMG. Research “Population Projection for Japan”, TMG “Tokyo 2020 action plan”,
Source: MIC“Population Census”, TMG“Tokyo 2020 action plan” UN “World Population Prospects”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 5

 Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

Both People and Products Mingle and Globalization is

1 Tokyo Attracts Foreign-Affiliated Companies 2 Companies in Tokyo are Actively

Expanding Overseas

Number of foreign-affiliated companies by nationality of Number of overseas affiliates by

its parent company (nationwide, 2016) located region (nationwide)
(Companies) Composition ratio of number Composition ratio of number
of foreign-affiliated companies of overseas affiliates (%)
1,400 by prefecture (2016) by prefecture (FY 2014) Others
Chiba Others 19.8
1.4 7.2 (%) Shizuoka 3.0 Total in Tokyo
1,178
1,200 Kanagawa 4.9 Japan 50.4
Hyogo 2.5 (1,000 companies)
Aichi 9.2 24,011
Osaka 3.9
30 Osaka
1,000 Kanagawa 12.7
8.5
Total in Japan Tokyo 25 23.9 24.0
3,158 76.6
800 2.1 2.1

20 2.8 2.8
Other Asia
600 Other s 3.2 3.2
15.0
15 Europe 1.3 1.4
1.4
North America 2.7 2.7
357 2.4
400
10 2.7 NIEs 3 4.0 4.2

Asia
220 203 1.9
169 ASEAN４
200 146 5 2.6
107 7.8 7.6
87
China
3.6
0 0
2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14(FY)
USA

Germany

UK

France

South Korea

Switzerland

China

Netherlands

Note: Figures are as of each FY end. ASEAN4: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia,

Philippines. NIEs3: Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea. “Overseas affiliate”
is the collective term of an overseas subsidiary (a foreign company with at
least 10% investment from the Japanese investors) and an overseas sub-
subsidiary (a foreign company with at least 50% investment from overseas
subsidiaries with at least 50% investment from the Japanese investors).
Note: In case there are more than one parent companies, all of them are counted. Source: METI “Basic Survey on Overseas Business Activities”, Prepared by TMG
Top 8 countries are listed. Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs based on RESAS (Original data:
Source: Toyo Keizai Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Reorganizing and processing METI “Basic Survey on Overseas Business
Directory” Activities”)

3 Exports and Imports Value at Port of 4 Total Exports and Imports Value at Port of
Tokyo Turns to Decline Tokyo is the Second Largest in Japan

Exports and imports value by country Exports and imports value by port (nationwide, 2015)
and region (Port of Tokyo)

(Trillion yen) (Trillion yen) (Trillion yen)

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
5.0 2006 7.0 12.6
Export Import
12 11.4 11.5
5.6 07 7.7

5.4 08 8.0 10
8.9
Export Import
3.6 09 6.6 8 7.5
4.6 10 7.5 6.2
6 5.4 5.3 5.6
4.7 11 8.1 5.0
4.6
4 3.9 3.6
4.7 12 8.5 3.3 3.4
2.4 2.7
5.5 13 10.0 2 1.6
1.0
14 11.0 0.6
6.1
0
Narita Airport

Port of Tokyo

Kansai Airport

Port of Kobe

Port of Osaka

Port of Chiba

Port of Kawasaki

Port of Mikawa

6.2 15 11.4
Port of Nagoya

Port of Yokohama

5.8 16 10.6

USA EU China Asia (except China) Middle East Others

Note: Values for 2016 are preliminary. Hong Kong is not included in China. Note: Top 10 ports by exports and imports value are listed.
Source: MOF“Trade Statistics of Japan” Source: MOF“Trade Statistics of Japan”

6 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics

Expanding in Tokyo

5 In Recent Years, Number of Foreign 6 Tokyo Wards Area Hosted 6th Highest Number
Visitors to Japan is Drastically Increasing of International Meetings in the World
Number of foreign visitors to Japan Number of international meetings by city (worldwide)
by country and region (nationwide)
(10,000 persons) (Meetings)

2,600 1,000
2,403.9
2,400
900
2,200 398.0
Australia 1,973.7 800
2,000 Singapore 736
1,800 Thailand 333.4 124.3 700
665
183.9
1,600 600
Brussels
103.3
1,400
152.4 416.7 500 494
1,200 Tokyo wards area
367.7 400 363 Paris
1,000 362
Vienna
Hongkong 509.0 316 308
800 733.4 300
USA 400.2 298 Seoul 249
160.6
600 Barcelona 242
81.7 Others 200 215
400 130.9 Geneva 187
Taiwan 637.3 Berlin
499.4 100 172
200 211.7 South Korea 58
81.2 China Bangkok
0 0
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Note: Top 7 countries and regions in 2016 are listed. Figures for 2016 are
estimates. Note: Top 10 cities by number of international meetings in 2015 are listed.
Source: JNTO materials Source: JNTO materials

7 At Haneda Airport, Number of International Flight Passengers and

Volume of Air Cargo Handled are Increasing Every Year

Number of passengers and volume of cargo handled (Haneda Airport) Composition ratio of number of passengers and
Number of passengers Volume of cargo handled
volume of cargo handled by airport (nationwide, 2015)
(Million persons) (%)
(10,000 tons)
80
120 0 20 40 60 80 100
75.3 Number of passengers
72.7 108.8
70 66.8 International flights Narita International Kansai
103.5
73 Million International 17.4 6.4 5.9 6.8
100 Persons 38.2
22.1
60 Chubu International

80 Domestic flights Other airports

50 72.0 204 Million Haneda
62.5 30.6 9.0 8.1 7.8 7.1 34.0
75.6
Persons
62.2
76.6
40 60 New Chitose Osaka International

65.0 (%)
30 0 20 40 60 80 100
Volume of cargo handled
Domestic flights 40 Domestic flights
71.4
Kansai
20 International flights
Narita International 58.2 International 9.5 4.9
33.2 3.50 million tons 19.9
20 5.1
10 26.9
International flights International flights
10.6 12.8 0.6
0 1.8 0 Domestic flights Naha Fukuoka
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Haneda 41.7 13.9
1.81 million tons 12.3 11.3 10.9 7.2

Note: For the composition ratio, top 6 airports are listed.

Source: MLIT“Airport Management Report”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 7

 Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

As Finance and R&D Support Functions are Accumulated,

1 Deposits and Loans are Accumulated in Tokyo 3 Universities and Research Institutes are
Accumulated in Tokyo
Composition ratio of deposit and loan Composition ratio of institutes related to research and
by prefecture (nationwide, 2016) intellectual property by prefecture (nationwide)

(%) （％）
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Number of Aichi
universities 17.6 7.1 6.4 4.8 Others 59.3
Osaka 777
Deposits
Tokyo 35.0 8.3 4.9 Others 42.7
764.4 trillion yen 5.3 3.8 Hyogo 4.8

Number of scientific Ibaraki

Kanagawa Saitama and development Kanagawa 4.9
research institutes 17.2 7.4 59.8
6,633 5.9

Hokkaido 4.8

Loans 42.4 7.9 4.0 3.8 38.1 2.6

Number of Osaka
474.0 trillion yen 3.8 patent attorneys Tokyo 54.9 15.1 7.2 5.1 15.1
10,890

Aichi Fukuoka

Note: Number of universities is as of May 1st, 2016. Number of scientific and

Note: Figures for deposits and loans are as of end of December (in domestic
banking books). Resolution and Collection Corporation and Japan Post
Bank are excluded. Offshore accounts are not included. Deposits include
negotiable certificates of deposit. Top 5 prefectures are listed.
Source: BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”
development research institutes is as of 2014 (including establishments
owned by national and local governments). Number of patent attorneys is as
of end of 2015.
Source: MEXT “School Basic Survey”, MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”,
Japan Patent Office “Annual Report”

2 Tokyo is Ranked No.5 in the World as 6 IT Related Businesses Account for About 60%
Global Financial Centre of Investment Destinations of Venture Capitals
Global International Financial Centres Index (worldwide) Investment of venture capitals by industry sector
(persentage of overall investment)
850 (nationwide, FY2015)

806
800 London 795 (%)
794
787 New York Products and
Services
750 Hong Kong 752
748
734
Singapore 720 16.4
719
700 697
Boston
Industrials /
Tokyo Energy / 15.7
673 San Francisco Other industries
650 57.9 IT related

625 10.0
621
608 Biotechnology /
600 Medical /
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Healthcare

Note: Top 7 cities in 2016 are listed. Figures are as of September each year. This
is an index taking the related data and the results of hearing investigation
to financial market par ticipants into account, with regard to the five
fields: “Business environment”, “Development level of financial industry”,
“Infrastructure”, “Human capital” and “Reputation”.
Source: Z/Yen Group “Global Financial Centres Index” Source: VEC“VEC YEARBOOK2016”

8 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics

Tokyo Can Be Expected to Collaborate with Growing Sectors

4 Japan is No. 2 in the World in Terms of Number 5 R&D Expenditures of Japan is No. 3 in the World
of International Patent Applications by Residents
Number of PCT international patent applications Gross domestic spending on R&D
by applicants' country of residence (worldwide) and ratio to GDP (worldwide, 2014)

(1,000 applications)
(billion dollars) (%)
70
500 5
Ratio to GDP (right axis)
450 432.6 4.3
60
57.4
400 4
3.6
344.6
50 350
USA 3.0
300 2.7 3
46.9 44.2
2.9
40 250

Japan 200 2.3 1.7 2

2.0 159.2 1.3
30 29.8
24.9 150
China
99.6 1.2
100 1
72.8
20 Germany 54.3
16.0 18.1 41.5 38.2
50 30.2 25.4
South Korea 14.6
France 0 0
10
USA

China

Japan

Germany

South Korea

France

UK

Russia

Chinese Taipei

Italy
8.5
5.3
2.5 UK
0
2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Note: Top 7 countries in 2015 are listed. Figures for 2015 are estimates. Note: Top 10 countries are listed. Figure in 2013 is used only for USA.
Source: WIPO “Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review” Source: OECD “Gross domestic spending on R&D”

7 Corporate R&D Expenditures in the Fields 8 Small and Medium-sized Manufacturers

of Life Science, Information Technology and (SMM) are Expected to Expand Their
Communications are High Businesses to Fields of Medical Care, Welfare
and Nursing Care, Environment and Energy
Expenditure on R&D by selected objective (nationwide) Business fields where SMMs desire to
enhance or expand their businesses (Tokyo, 2015) (%)
(100 billion yen)
0 10 20 30
35
Medical care, welfare and
28.2
nursing care related

30 30.3 Environment and energy

28.0 27.4
Life science related

Agriculture, food and

biotechnology related 18.0
25
Information technology Health and sports related 13.8
23.5
20.9
20
Robot related 13.2

15 Infrastructure development 11.6

and maintenance related
Environmental science and technology
12.0
Energy
10.6 Aerospace related 11.3
10 8.9
10.0
8.8 Nanotechnology Risk management and
7.7
7.7 disaster prevention related
5
2.4 Space exploration Oceanology 5.3
2.6 Nanotechnology related
1.0 1.2
0 Others 20.3
2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 (FY)

Note: R&D expenditures spent within organizations by enterprises with the capital Note: Multiple answers allowed. Only answers from companies who intend to
of 100 million yen or more, nonprofit organizations and public institutions, enhance their businesses or extend those to new business fields were
universities, etc. aggregated.
Source: MIC “Survey of Research and Development” Source: TMG “Current Status of SMEs in Tokyo (Manufacturing Industry Edition)”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 9

 Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

Economy of Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen

1 Indexes of Business Conditions has been Improving since October

Indexes of business conditions (nationwide)
（2010 ＝100）
125
120
114.8
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Note: CI: coincident index. The shadowed areas indicate recessions. December 2016 revised release.
Source: CAO “Indexes of Business Conditions”

2 Real GDP Growth Rate has been Changing toward Positive

(%) GDP growth rate by quarter (nationwide)
10
Real

5
1.6

0
1.2

-5
Nominal

-10

-15

-20
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Note: Quarterly Estimates of GDP for Oct. - Dec. 2016 (The 2nd preliminary). Figures are seasonally adjusted annual rates. Changes from the previous quarter.
Source: CAO “SNA (National Accounts of Japan)”

3 Nikkei Stock Average Turned Upward Over the Year End

(1,000 yen)
Nikkei stock average (nationwide)
22
20.87
20
19.11
18

16

14

12

10 Closing price
8

6
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Note: Figures for the period from January 2006 to December 2016 are listed. Figures are daily closing prices.
Source: Nikkei Inc. materials

10 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2016

through Data

4 Production Indices Showed Decline for 5 Sales of Departmentstores Turned Downward

2 Consecutive Years
Production index Sales of departmentstores and supermarkets (Tokyo wards area)
and convenience stores (greater Kanto area),
the number of new vehicles sold (Tokyo)

105 (%)
30 (Percentage changes from the previous year /
from the same month of the previous year)

2016 (2010 average = 100) 23.1 2016

100.6 20

100 Convenience stores

99.9
98.3
10 Number of new
97.6 vehicles sold
nationwide 4.1
97.8 97.6
3.5 3.7
3.1 4.0
95.2 1.7 3.0
0 - 0.5
95 1.7 0.2 0.0
- 2.1 - 1.2 -1.6
- 2.1
94.3
Tokyo Departmentstores Supermarkets
-10
2012 13 14 15 16

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec
90
2012 13 14 15 16
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Note: Monthly values are seasonally adjusted. Values for Tokyo in December and
2016 represent preliminary figures.
Source TMG “Indices of Industrial Production”, METI “Indices of Industrial Production”
Note: Figures for departmentstores and supermarkets are sales value of existing
establishments, figures for convenience stores are of all establishments. The
greater Kanto area consists of one metropolis (Tokyo) and 10 prefectures
(Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Yamanashi,
Nagano and Shizuoka).
The number of new vehicles sold is the total number of passenger cars,
compact cars, medium-duty trucks, small trucks and buses sold, and does not
include special vehicles, trailers and others unable to classify.
Source: METI “Monthly Report on the Current Survey of Commerce”, Japan Automobile
Dealers Association materials

6 Trade Balance Recorded a Surplus for the 7 Number of Visitor Arrivals Exceeded
First Time in 6 years 24 Million
Trade value (nationwide) Number of visitor arrivals and Japanese
overseas travelers (nationwide)
(Percentage changes from the previous year /
from the same month of the previous year)
(%) (%)
20 60
(Percentage changes from the previous year / 52.0
3.8 from the same month of the previous year) 45
10 5.4 Visitor Arrivals
34.4
0 30
Value of exports 15.6
-2.7 -12.9
-10 -2.6 15 8.8 21.8
-7.4 5.6 3.3 8.0
-20 -15.9 0
-17.8
Value of imports
-30 -15 Japanese overseas travelers

(10,000 persons) 2016 Visitor Arrivals (10,000 persons)

Value of exports 2,500 2,404 Japanese overseas travelers 250

(Trillion yen) 2016 (Trillion yen)
Value of imports
90 6.7 7 205
2,000 1,849 185 200
6.0 6.0
75 70.7 70.0 5.4 6 1,712
63.7 66.0
5 1,500 146 150
60 128
4
45 1,000 836 100
3
30 Annual total Monthly value (right axis)
2 Annual total Monthly value (right axis)
500 50
15 1
0 0 0 0
2012 13 14 15 16 2012 13 14 15 16
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Note: The figures of visitor arrivals for December and 2016 are estimates.
Note: The value of imports for 2016 and December are preliminary figures. Source: Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) “Visitor Arrivals & Japanese
Source: MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan” Overseas Travelers”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 11

 Over view of Tokyo’s Economy

Business Environment of the enterprises in Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen through Data

1 Consumer Price Index Remained Almost 2 Corporate Goods Price Index Turned Upward
Negative Compared with the Same Month of since November Services Producer Price
the Previous Year Index has been on Upward Trend
Consumer price index Corporate goods price index and
Services producer price index (nationwide)
(%)
2.5 2.2 (Percentage changes from the same month 100.6
of the previous year) 101
2.0
2.2
1.5 100
1.0 2010-Base 2015-Base
99 Corporate goods price index
0.5 (2015 average =100)
-0.2
0.0 Nationwide 98
97.1
-0.5 Tokyo wards area 97
-1.0 -0.6
96
101.0
(2015 average = 100) 95

100.5 Services producer price index

(Consumer price index) (2010 average = 100)
104 103.5
Tokyo wards area
100.0 103
99.8
99.5 102
99.5 Nationwide 102.2
99.5
99.4 101

99.0 100
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
→2015 →2016 →2015 →2016

Note: Fresh food is excluded. Source: BOJ “Monthly Report on the Corporate Goods Price Index”, “Monthly Report
Source: MIC “Consumer Price Index” on the Services Producer Price Index”

3 Business Conditions Among SMEs Have been 4 Number of Corporate Bankruptcies has been
alternating between growth and decline on the Decline
Business conditions DI for Number of corporate bankruptcies
SMEs by industry (Tokyo)
Business conditions DI for (Percentage changes from the previous year /
(%)
SMEs by industry (Tokyo) from the same month of the previous year)
20
Tokyo
10
Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade 1.5
-1.4 5.1
Services Total 0 -4.1
0
-10 -4.7 -8.0 -6.3
Nationwide
-10 -20
-22.5
-30
-20 -21
-22

-30 -30
-33 (Cases) (Cases)
-33 -36
15,000 Annual total 2016 (right axis) 1,200
-40 -39
-39 12,124
-46 1,000
-50 800
10,000 710
8,446 675
-55 600
-60
Nationwide 400
5,000
-70 2,470 Tokyo
2012 13 14 15 16 1,654 143 145 200
0 0
2012 13 14 15 16
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Note: DI is calculated by the percentage of companies who answered that

business conditions are “favorable” minus that of companies who answered Note: Bankrupt companies with liabilities of 10 million yen or more.
“unfavorable”. “Total” is the total of the four industries. Source: TMG “Enterprise Bankruptcies in Tokyo” (researched by Tokyo Shoko
Source: TMG “Business Conditions of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tokyo” Research, Ltd.)

12 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017

 Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2016

Employment environment of Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen through Data

1 Unemployment Rate Continues to Improve 2 Active Job Openings-to-Applicants Ratio

is on the Rise

Unemployment rate Number of active job openings and job applications,

active job openings-to-applicants ratio

(Times) Active job openings-to-applicant ratio

2.5
(%) 2.01 Tokyo 2.06
2 1.90
5
1.5 1.08 1.29 Nationwide 1.43

4.5 1
0.80 1.36
0.5
0
4.3
4
Number of active job openings (Tokyo)
3.8 2016
Tokyo Number of active job applicants (Tokyo)
(10,000 persons)
3.2 3.3 40 37.1
3.5 36.7 35.8
35
3 3.1 Nationwide 30
25.6
2.9 25
23.7
20 18.3 18.9 18.0
15
10
2 5
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
0
2012 13 14 15 16 2015 16 2012 13 14 15 16
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec
Note: Monthly values are seasonally adjusted.
Source: MIC, TMG “Labour Force Survey” Source: MHLW, Tokyo Labour Bureau “Report on Employment Service”

3 Total Cash Earnings Tend to Move Almost 4 Total of Non-scheduled Working Hours are Changing
Positive from the Previous Year within the Negative Scale from the Previous year
Monthly total cash earnings Monthly non-scheduled hours worked
(Percentage changes from the previous year / (Percentage changes from the previous year /
(%) from the same month of the previous year) (%) from the same month of the previous year)
3 6

2.1 3 1.0
2 0.4 Nationwide
Nationwide 0
1 0.5 -0.8 -1.0 -2.8
-3 -1.8
-0.2 0.1 -4.3
0 0.1 0.0 -6 -5.8
-0.1
Tokyo -9 Tokyo
-1
-1.1 -12
-2

(10,000 yen) (Hours)

2016 2016
80 14
Tokyo 70.8
Nationwide 12.0 Tokyo Nationwide
12 11.2 11.3
11.0 11.210.5
60 11.2
54.7 10.0
10

41.2 40.7 8
40 34.3
31.7 31.4 6
26.9
4
20
2
0 0
2011 12 13 14 15 2011 12 13 14 15
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Note: Establishments with 5 employees or more. Note: Establishments with 5 employees or more.
Source: MHLW, TMG “Monthly Labour Survey” Source: MHLW, TMG “Monthly Labour Survey”

Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 13