QUESTIONS

How can a child have DNA from three parents? How is this accomplished?

ANSWER

What are DNA? A DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) It is the hereditary gen in both human and all

other organisms. is a types of molecules which encode genetic information, the other is which is RNA. In

humans DNA is genetic material an RNA is transcribed from it but in some other organisms RNA is the

genetic material and in reverse fashion, Dennis transcribes from it. Nearly every cell in a person’s body

has the same DNA most are located in the cell nucleus and others can be found in the mitochondria. A

DNA can be formed or made by chemical building blocks called nucleotides, These block have three

parts the frustrates group, sugar group and nitrogen base.

Now how do we have the same DNA with our parent, Simply put the father produce the sperm

and the mother produce the egg both fused together to form zygote ( in other words, you). Half of your

father genome is mixed with half of your mothers genome to form your complete genome but why

don’t we have the same journey as our siblings? Because The egg and sperm that create you contains

different combination of your parents DNA but is different in the case of identical Twins. We get our

genes from our parents. For every pair of their chromosomes, you get one from your mother and the

other from your father. When the egg and sperm cells are fused, they create the full set of 23 to 46

chromosomes , you actually carry more of your mother’s genes than that of your father’s. because of

little organelles that live in our cells, the mitochondria, which you can only receive from your mother.
 But my questions is, how can a child have DNA from three parents? We all know it takes a

man and a woman to form a child but is it really possible for a child to have DNA from 3 parents from my

own research it is possible, first it involves the father, mother and a donor mostly a female for this to

work, the DNA found in the nucleus of a mother’s egg was removed. From a donor egg, the nucleus was

emptied of DNA and the mother’s DNA was inserted. The egg donor with the mother’s genes was

fertilized with the father sperm, developed into an embryo, and transferred. So DNA from the original

mother and DNA from the father will be present. third person’s DNA comes from mitochondrial DNA of

the woman who gave the egg. Mitochondria are organelles found in the cytoplasm not the nucleus in

most eukaryotic cells. They have numerous functions but are typically called the powerhouse of the cell

for their role in energy production and respiration. There are diseases similar to mitochondrial

dysfunction, as well as cardiac disease, heart failure and autism. They are also rapidly being implicated in

some kind of infertility. because mitochondria are also in cytoplasm, they are not passed down by

males, but by eggs of females. the child inherited mitochondrial DNA from the mother who gave the

donor egg, also nuclear DNA from the mother and the father.

This process is only accomplish by maternal spindle transfer, is a technique in which the

spindle shaped group of chromosomes containing the mother's nuclear DNA, known as the 'maternal

spindle', is extracted from one of the mother's eggs (oocytes) and transferred to an unfertilized donor

egg from which the maternal spindle has been removed and that contains healthy DNA. Once the

maternal spindle has been transferred to the donated egg with the healthy DNA, the egg is fertilized
with the father's sperm and then implanted into the uterus in a manner similar to other in vitro

fertilization (IVF). By removing the maternal spindle and inserting it into an egg with healthy DNA, the

resulting offspring will receive the 22000 base pairs of nuclear DNA from the parents, but will have the

37 base pairs of healthy DNA from the oocyte donor.

This process is used because Currently around one in every 6,500 children is born with a

serious mitochondrial disorder, causing chronic health problems and even death. most women have

mitochondria diseases in their egg which can be inherited by the child or even causes death of the child.

Mitochondrial donation treatment is used by people with severe mitochondrial disease to avoid passing

the disease their children, So this process is used to avoid unnecessary death and diseases from the

mother to the children. Although the process came too late it has helped many family to have a well

develop healthy baby

REFERENCE
  Lecture note

 Mark Terry, Child born with the DNA of 3 parents, 1 st edition, the expenses Apr 30,2019

 ONLINE: www.biospace.com

 ONLINE: www.medlineplus.gov

 ONLINE: www.medicinenet.com