Family Planning Profile of the Selected Coastal Community in Sagay City

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Family planning is one of the 10 great public health achievements of the 20 th

century. The availability of family planning services allows individuals to achieve

desired birth spacing and family size and contributes to improved health

outcomes for infants, children, women, and families. Its goal is to improve

pregnancy planning and spacing and prevent unintended pregnancy.

(ODPHPhealth.gov 2020)

Family planning especially the use of contraceptive methods has a lot of benefits

such as to women’s and child’s health. Nowadays, teenage pregnancy is

rampant which also leads to worse decisions such as unsafe abortion. The

consequences of such action are as well adverse such as hemorrhage and even

death. These kinds of dilemmas could be prevented through family planning,

sexuality education, and the use of contraceptive methods. Family planning is not

only applied to evade unintended pregnancy, but it also empowers women and

protects their reproductive health. In addition, it is also for poverty alleviation.

Fathalla & Fathalla (2017) noted that “Family planning improves the quality of life

not only for women but also for the family as a whole and particularly for children.

The quality of child care, including play and stimulation as well as health and
education – inevitably rises as parents can invest more of their time, energy, and

money in bringing up a smaller number of children “(p. 33).

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to determine the family planning profile in terms of their
knowledge and use of the Coastal community in Bougainvillea, Crotons A. Looc, Sagay City,
Negros Occidental

More specifically, this investigation sought to answer the following question;

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Civil status

c. Education

d. Mass media and internet exposure

e. Employment

f. Occupation

g. Health Insurance Coverage

2. What is the knowledge of contraceptive methods of women in the community as a

whole and when group to their profile?

3. What is the current usage of contraception of the community in terms of:

a. Age

b. Civil status

c. Education

d. Mass media and internet exposure

e. Employment

f. Occupation

g. Health Insurance Coverage?

4. What is the knowledge of the community about the fertility period as a whole and when
group according to their profile?

5. What is the source of the community’s family planning method?

6. What is the cost of modern contraceptive methods?

Significance of the Study

Parents- The study will help the parents understand how family planning will

reduce poverty through having a family size that is just within their capacity,

especially on financial aspects. In line with this, it will also encourage them to

take part in becoming responsible citizens of the society and responsible parents

for having children that are within their means to be provided with quality

parenting.

Academe- The study will help them gain knowledge about fact-based information

with regards to family planning, a different concept, and the healthcare services

or contraceptives that are made available for free.

Future Researchers- The study will pave the development of future researches

as this will serve as a reference. In addition, it will also serve as the basis for the

improvement of the family planning program that is being provided.

Scope and Limitation

The study is conducted at Selected Coastal Community in Sagay City,

specifically in Purok Bougainvillea Crotons A. Looc. The respondents are only

limited to the couples or parents of reproductive age, between 20- 49 years old
specifically. The data was gathered in the form of a survey with a checklist and

open-ended questions to reveal narratives and experiences.

Conceptual Framework

Definition of Terms

Abortion

Conceptual:

Abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It uses medicine or surgery to

remove the embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus.

Operational:
the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely

followed by the death of the embryo or fetus: such as. a: spontaneous expulsion

of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation — compare miscarriage.

b: induced expulsion of a human fetus

Family Planning

Operational:

“Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their

desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is

achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of

involuntary infertility.

Conceptual:

The practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals

between their births.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. Fathalla & Fathalla (2017) noted that “Family planning improves the quality of
life not only for women but also for the family as a whole and particularly for
children. The quality of child care – including play and stimulation as well as
health and education – inevitably rises as parents are able to invest more of their
time, energy, and money in bringing up a smaller number of children” (p. 33).

  International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second

Edition)
Retrieved: October 3. 2021 From:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/family-planning

2. Governments may consider promoting long-acting reversible contraceptive

methods, such as implants, that do not require frequent replenishment and can
withstand pressures of supply chain weaknesses. It is also advisable to consider
setting up helplines to provide information on the places where clients can go to
obtain contraceptives, including emergency contraception. Such helplines could
also be used for counselling purposes to provide evidence-based information to
clients (Sharma et al., 2018).

Sharma et al.(2018) Why the Promotion of Family Planning

Makes More Sense Now Than Ever Before? Retrieved: October
6, 2021 from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/09720634209355
45?
fbclid=IwAR2IVnBfks1Sj8qOqnqUmjJVBhi80i7ro6EZzNyJW8EpoFrggf-
FVYzG-Yc&
3. Missed opportunities to provide family planning counseling are widespread in
the Philippines. Delivery of effective contraceptive methods requires that wider
legal, policy, social, cultural, and structural barriers are addressed, coupled with
systems approaches for improving availability and quality of counseling at all
primary health care contacts Bellizzi et al. (2019).

Bellizzi et al (2019) Opportunities lost: Barriers to

increasing the use of effective contraception in the
Philippines. Retrieved: October 6, 2021 from:
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?
id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0218187&fbclid=IwAR3oCPF5d02GH4rVt
R0x-y_fou5NfzoYco5_Qr5EONLI4paS5HRC-azZQZ0

4. Sensoy et al. (2018, p. 36) stated that behaviors and attitudes play an
important role among the choice of using family planning methods and so it
affects the change of fertility status and population rate indirectly. In order to
promote the usage of an effective method, attitudes and behaviors play an
important role on preference.

Sensoy et al. (2018, p. 36) Factors Affecting the Attitudes

of Women toward Family Planning. Retrieved: October 3, 2021

From: https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=o2iQDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA33&dq=2018+family+plan
ning+books&ots=yKx4sUXblW&sig=H6chEEboj6UMyz5DJNGWLIOI1vU&re
dir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=2018%20family%20planning
%20books&f=false

5. Mozumdar et al (2018) States that the FP/RH services covered by RSBY

(Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana include tubal ligation, intrauterine
contraceptive device insertion, vasectomy, delivery, and post abortion care.
However, anecdotal evidence suggests that poor women from urban areas are
more likely to seek antenatal care, delivery services, sterilization, and post
abortion care from public hospitals than from RSBY empaneled private hospitals.
It is not clear whether underutilization of FP/RH services from private health
facilities under RSBY is due to a lack of awareness about the availability or
because women and their families prefer receiving FP/RH services from public
hospitals rather than private hospitals.

The International Journal of Health Planning and Management,

Retrieved: October 10, 2021
from:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hpm.2531

6. Amuji et al (2021) Notes that “We have developed an estimator that

determines the female fertile days: from where we determine; the day for male
conception, the day for female conception and the safe period to avoid
conception. We developed multivariate analysis model for the problem and test
the hypothesis for the developed estimator. We stated and proof proposition
backing the estimator and finally make inference about the determination of sex
of a baby”
Modelling of Pre-Sex Selection: An Effective Method for
Family Planning and Control of Overpopulation, Retrieved:
October 10, 2021 from:
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?
paperid=109875

7. Sur, S. (2017, p.48) “Family planning” soon became a blanket term for
population reduction as well as economic growth and poverty alleviation. The
advertisement described above exemplifies how poverty and economic hardship
were linked with family planning, and how contraceptives became the immediate
prescription for the removal of poverty. Official family planning advertisements
portrayed an idea of inadequacy and overall distress as the result of failure to
practice family planning. Contraception, in effect, emerged as an economic virtue
instead of a corporeal one.
Sur, S. (2017, p.48) Bodies in Poverty Family Planning and
Poverty Removal in India. Retrieved: October 10, 2021 from:
http://dspace.stellamariscollege.edu.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream
/handle/123456789/8790/planning.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
8. Pinter et al. (2016) The different religions often lack a united view on matters
such contraception and abortion, there is sometimes some dogmatic overlap
when general religious principles are subject to the influence of local customs. 
Immigration and population flow add further complexities to societal views on
reproductive issues. This paper presents the teachings of the most widespread
religions in Europe with regard to contraception and reproduction.

Pinter et al., (2016) Religion and family planning, The

European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health
Care. Retrieved: October 1, 2021 From:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13625187.2016.12
37631

9. Starbird et al. (2016) In this commentary, we outline family planning’s links to

the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and highlight the transformational
benefits that voluntary family planning brings to women, families, communities,
and countries. We present family planning as a cross-sectoral intervention that
can hasten progress across the 5 SDG themes of People, Planet, Prosperity,
Peace, and Partnership.

Starbird et al., (2016) Investing in Family Planning: Key to

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, Global Health:
Science and Practice. Retrieved: October 1, 2021 From:
https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/4/2/191?
__hstc=175320440.4b44870ec4a577029c49e44b73bd3bee.1604707200
091.1604707200092.1604707200093.1&__hssc=175320440.1.1604707
200094&__hsfp=133729077

10. Sharma et al. (2020) This article analyses the possible consequences of the
pandemic on the rights of individuals and couples and endeavours to provide
justifications for continued national commitment and investments in family
planning, especially during these challenging times. 
Sharma et al., (2020) Why the Promotion of Family Planning
Makes More Sense Now Than Ever Before? Retrieved: October 3,
2021 From:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/09720634209355
45
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design, participants of the study,

instrumentation, validation, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study followed a qualitative research model using the grounded

theory method and case study model to assess the level of awareness and

practices of family planning practices among families in a selected coastal area

of Sagay City which is the Purok Bougainvillea, Crotons A. Looc. It is concerned

with the collection, classification, and describing characteristics of which certain

phenomena occurs and allows an in-depth exploration of dimensions of the

phenomena, including its manifestations and related factors (Cacanindin, 2010).

Data was gathered through a personal interview by the use of a survey

questionnaire. A comprehensive analysis was presented showing the level of

awareness and the adoption of family planning. Careful analysis and proper

documentation of the results were of topmost consideration in this study. Any

data gathered during the interpersonal survey was instrumental in the

presentation of accurate results in relation to the focus of the study.

Participants of the Study

Participants were handpicked to be included in the sampling frame based

on certain criteria for the purposes of the study. There were a total of 30

participants selected through purposive sampling, wherein the participants were

all of the reproductive age from 20 - 49 in the selected Purok Bougainvillea,

crotons A. Looc. Participants were viewed as typical cases that provided enough

data to answer the research questions

Instrumentation

The collection of data involved an interview, utilizing the developed survey

questionnaire to assess awareness and the common family planning methods

among the selected participants. Questionnaires were designed by the

researcher using the objectives of the study as the guiding framework.

The questionnaire was composed of three parts: (1) Demographic Profile,

(2) Awareness Level, and (3) Family Planning Adoption. The content of the

instrument was adopted from the key concepts on family planning methods

based on “Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers” (WHO, 2011).

Measure

A survey consisting of 10 items questions and a few open-ended questions to

reveal narratives and experiences, were disseminated among the partaker to get

knowledge about the Family Planning Profile of the selected participants residing
in Bougainvillea, Crotons A. Looc, Sagay City. Furthermore, the questions were

designed to obtain information needed for the study about the Family Planning

Profile of the Selected Coastal Community in Sagay City.

Procedures

First, researchers used purposive or purposeful sampling or handpicked people who fit

the characteristics they wish to study. Second, the researchers were divided into two

groups to disperse the survey rapidly. The survey lasted for 2 weeks. The surveys

were then collected. Afterward, it was arranged, synthesized, and find insights,

interpreted, and then developed a research output out of it.