MATEMATIKA II

BAB I

MATRIKS

I.1 Pendahuluan

𝑎 𝑏 baris 1
A= ! !
𝑐 𝑑 baris 2
kolom 1

kolom 2

𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13

A = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

I.2 Jenis – Jenis Matriks

a. Matriks Baris

A=|a b c d |

b. Matriks Kolom
𝑎
A=𝑏
𝑐
c. Matriks Diagonal

1 0 0
A = 0 2 0
0 0 3

d. Matriks Identitas (I)

1 0 0
A = 0 1 0
0 0 1

e. Matriks Segitiga Bawah

1 0 0
A = 2 2 0
3 4 1

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f. Matriks Segitiga Atas

1 3 2
A = 0 2 1
0 0 1

I.3 Operasi Matriks

a. Penjumlahan
Contoh :

2 1 4 1
A=( ( B=( (
3 5 3 −2
2+4 1+1 6 2
A+B=+ + B+A=( (
3 + 3 5 + (−2) 6 3

6 2
=( (
6 3

b. Pengurangan
Contoh :

−3 2 2 0
A=( ( B =( (
1 0 −1 3
−3 − 2 2 − 0 5 −2
A-B=+ + B–A=( ( = -C
1 − (−1) 0 − 3 −2 3

−5 2
C=( (
2 −3

c. Perkalian
Contoh :

- Perkalian dengan Matriks

−2 −3 1 −1
A=( ( B=( (
1 1 2 3
(−2.1) + (−3.2) (−2. −1) + (−3.3)
AxB=+ +
(1.1) + (1.2) (1. −1) + (1.3)

−8 −7 −2 − 1 −3 − 1 −3 −4
=( ( BxA=( (=( (
3 2 −4 + 3 −6 + 3 −1 −3

AxB≠BxA

- Perkalian dengan Skalar

−2 −3 1 −1
A=( ( B=( (
1 1 2 3

−4 −6 3 −3
2A = ( ( 3B = ( (
2 2 6 9

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LATIHAN SOAL 1.1

−1 4 3 2 −2 0
Diketahui 𝐴 = ( ( 𝐵 = ( ( 𝐶 = ( (
3 −7 −5 4 1 −1

1. A + B

2. A + C

3. B + C

4. A + B + C

5. A – B

6. C – A

7. B – A

8. 3B – 4A

9. 2A + 5B – 3C

10. A + 2B + 4C

11. A x B

12. B x C

13. A x C

14. (A x B) + C

15. (B x C) – A

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I. 4 Sifat – Sifat Penjumlahan Matriks

a. Sifat Komutatif A+B=B+A

b. Sifat Asosiatif (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)

c. A + 0 = A

I.5 Transpose Matriks

1 3 5
A = 2 1 4
3 2 3
1 2 3
AT = 3 1 2
5 4 3

I.6 Partisi Matriks

A11 A12

a11 a12 a13 a14

𝐴11 𝐴12
A = a21 a22 a23 a24 A=( (
𝐴21 𝐴22

a31 a32 a33 a34

a41 a42 a43 a44

A21 A22

𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎14

A11 = ( ( A12 = ( (
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎24

𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑎34

A21 =( ( A22 = ( (
𝑎41 𝑎42 𝑎43 𝑎44

I.7 Penggabungan Matriks

a11 a12 a13 a14 b11 b12 b13 b14

A = a21 a22 a23 a24 B= b21 b22 b23 b24

a31 a32 a33 a34 b31 b32 b33 b34

a41 a42 a43 a44 b41 b42 b43 b44

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Augmen (A,B)

a11 a12 a13 a14 b11 b12 b13 b14

a21 a22 a23 a24 b21 b22 b23 b24

a31 a32 a33 a34 b31 b32 b33 b34

a41 a42 a43 a44 b41 b42 b43 b44

Stack (A,B)

a11 a12 a13 a14

a21 a22 a23 a24

a31 a32 a33 a34

a41 a42 a43 a44

b11 b12 b13 b14

b21 b22 b23 b24

b31 b32 b33 b34

b41 b42 b43 b44

I.8 Perkalian Langsung

4 2 3
2 1
A=( ( B = 3 1 5
3 −2
6 −2 1
4 2 3 4 2 3
A × B = 2 3 1 5 1 3 1 5
6 −2 1 6 −2 1
4 2 3 4 2 3
3 3 1 5 -2 3 1 5
6 −2 1 6 −2 1

I.9 Invers Matriks

𝑎 𝑏
A=( (
𝑐 𝑑

determinan A = ad – bc

𝑑 −𝑏
adjoint A = ( (
−𝑐 𝑎

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!
A-1 = . adjoint A
"#$ %

Contoh :

3 2
A=( ( det A = (3.-6) – (2.-4) = -10
−4 −6
!
A-1 = "#$ % . adjoint A

! −6 −2
= &!' . ( (
4 3
6/10 2/10
=+ +
−4/10 −3/10

I.10 Pembagian Matriks

%
C= , C = A x B-1
(

Contoh :

2 4 1 2
A=( ( B=( (
6 8 3 4
−2 1
B-1 = + +
3/2 −1/2

2 4 −2 1
A x B-1 = ( ( x+ +
6 8 3/2 −1/2

−4 + 6 2−2
=( (
−12 + 12 6 − 4
2 0
=( (
0 2
1 0
=2( (
0 1

= 2. I

I.11 Minor dan Kofaktor Matriks

𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13

A = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 = |aij| i = indeks baris , j = indeks kolom
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

a. Minor Matriks
Minor matriks adalah matriks yang berukuran lebih kecil dengan menghilangkan baris ke i
dan kolom ke j.

𝑎22 𝑎23
M11 = ( (
𝑎32 𝑎33

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= a22 . a33 – a32 . a23

𝑎11 𝑎12
M23 = ( (
𝑎31 𝑎32

= a11 . a32 – a12 . a31

𝑎21 𝑎22
M13 = ( (
𝑎31 𝑎32

= a21 . a32 – a22 . a31

𝑎12 𝑎13
M31 = ( (
𝑎22 𝑎23

= a12 . a23 – a22 . a13

Contoh :

1 3 5
A = 2 4 2
−2 3 −1
1 5
M22 = ( ( = 1.-1 – (-2.5) = 9
−2 −1

b. Kofaktor Matriks

Kij = Mij x (-1)i + j

Contoh :

1 3 5
A = 2 4 2 Carilah matriks kofaktor
−2 3 1

Penyelesaian :

4 2 2 2 2 4
K11 = (-1)1+1( ( K12 = (-1)1+2( ( K13 = (-1)1+1( (
3 1 −2 1 −2 3

= 1 x -2 = -1 x 6 = 1 x 14

= -2 = -6 = 14

3 5 1 5 1 3
K21 = (-1)2+1( ( K22 = (-1)2+2( ( K23 = (-1)2+3( (
3 1 −2 1 −2 3

= -1 x -12 = 1 x 11 = -1 x 9

= 12 = 11 = -9

3 5 1 5 1 3
K31 = (-1)3+1( ( K32 = (-1)3+2( ( K33 = (-1)3+3( (
4 2 2 2 2 4

= 1 x -14 = -1 x -8 = 1 x -2

= -14 =8 = -2

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−2 −6 14
K = 12 11 −9
−14 8 −2

I.12 Adjoint Matriks

Adjoint A = KT

Contoh :

−2 −6 14 −2 12 −14
K = 12 11 −9 KT =adj A = −6 11 8
−14 8 −2 14 −9 −2

I.13 Determinan Matriks

a. Ordo 2x2

𝑎11 𝑎12
A=( (
𝑎21 𝑎22

det A = a11.a22 – a12.a21

b. Ordo 3x3

Ø Metode Sarrus

𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13

A = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎12
det A = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎32

= a11.a22.a33 + a12.a23.a31 + a13.a21.a32 – (a31.a22.a13 + a32.a23.a11+a33.a21.a12)

Contoh :

1 5 0
A = 2 4 −1
0 2 0
1 5 0 1 5
det A = 2 4 −1 2 4
0 2 0 0 2

= 1.4.0 + 5.-1.0 + 0.2.2 – (0.4.0 + 2.-1.1 + 0.2.5)

= 0 + 0 + 0 – (0 – 2 + 0)

=2

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Ø Metode Minor – Kofaktor

- Berbasis Baris
a11 a12 … a1i … a1n
a21 a22 ………… a2n

A= . .

. .
an1 an2 … ani … ann

det A = ∑)*+, 𝑎𝑘𝑗 . 𝑘𝑘𝑗

det A = 𝑎-! 𝐾-! + 𝑎-. 𝐾-. + 𝑎-/ 𝐾-/ + ⋯ + 𝑎-* 𝐾-*

k = salah satu baris matriks
Contoh :

1 5 0
A = 2 4 −1
0 −2 0

det A = a11.k11 + a12.k12 + a13.k13

4 −4 2 −1 2 4
= 1 (-1)2( ( + 5 (-1)3( ( + 0 (-1)4( (
−2 0 0 0 0 −2

= -2 + 0 + 0

= -2

- Berbasis Kolom
det A = ∑),+! 𝑎𝑖𝑙 . 𝑘𝑖𝑙
1 5 0
A = 2 4 −1
0 −2 0

det A = a11.k11 + a21.k21+ a31.k31

4 −1 5 0 5 0
= 1 (-1)2( ( + 2 (-1)3( ( + 0 (-1)4( (
−2 0 −2 0 4 −1

= -2 + 0 + 0

= -2

det A = 𝑎!0 𝐾!0 + 𝑎.0 𝐾.0 + 𝑎/0 𝐾/0 + ⋯ + 𝑎,0 𝐾,0

l = salah satu kolom matriks

I.14 Trace Matriks

Trace matriks adalah jumlah elemen diagonal utama pada matriks bujur sangkar.

Tr (A) = ∑),+, 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = ∑1

*+* 𝑎𝑗𝑗

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Contoh :

1 3 5
A=2 4 1
3 2 2

Trace (A) = 1 + 4 + 2

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LATIHAN 1.2

−1 4 3 2 −2 0
Diketahui 𝐴 = ( ( 𝐵 = ( ( 𝐶 = ( (
3 −7 −5 4 1 −1

Hitunglah :

1. A-1

2. B-1

3. C-1

4. A-1 + B-1

5. B-1 – C

6. A-1 x C-1

7. 3B-1 + A

8. 2A x 2B-1

9. C-1 x 2A

10. (A-1 x B-1) + C

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