Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani

Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division

M.Tech. Design Engineering
Digital Learning Handout

Summary
Course Title COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Course No(s) DE ZG515

Credit Units 5

(32 Hours of Class-room Instruction + 32 Hours of Case-

Credit Model studies/Tutorials/Laboratories + 64 Hours of Student
Preparation)

Course Author Pardha S Gurugubelli

Instructor –in -charge Dr. KRC Murthy (I/C), PRITANSHU RANJAN

Version No 1

Date 07-08-2020

Course Description
Philosophy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); governing equations of fluid dynamics;
mathematical behavior of partial differential equations and their impact on CFD; basic aspects
of discretization; grid generation; CFD techniques and their applications in solving one-
dimensional nozzle flow, incompressible coquette flow and supersonic flow over flat plate;
advanced topics in CFD
Course Objectives:

No Course Objectives

CO1 This course is intended to develop the skill of solving fluid flow, heat transfer, mass
transfer and related phenomena numerically.

CO2 This course starts with a discussion on mathematical behaviour and physical meaning of
governing equations of fluid dynamics. Then it covers different discretization methods
and grid generation techniques.

CO3 Finally, students will learn different/Mislaneous CFD techniques and they will apply
these techniques for solving simple problems.
CO4 As a part of this course, students will also solve real-life/Engineering problems by using
commercial/Open source CFD package.

Teaching Methodology
The pedagogy for this course consists of class-room instruction explaining formal methods and
techniques of CFD. It aims at people who are reading this course first time. However
mathematical level and the prior background in fluid dynamics/mechanics of under graduate
level is assumed in before start of this course.

Text Books

T1 T1: J. D. Anderson, Computational Fluid Dynamics, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1995, 6th ed.

Reference Books & other Resources

P. Niyogi, S. K. Chakrabartty, and M. K. Laha, Introduction to Computational Fluid

R1
Dynamics, Pearson, 2006.
R2 S. V. Patankar, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere Pub, 1980.
D. A. Anderson and others, Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer,
R3
Hemisphere Pub, 1984
R4 A. W. Date, Introduction to computational fluid dynamics, Cambridge, 2005.
K Muralidhar and T. Sundararajan, Computational Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer,
R5:
Narosa (1995).

Modular Content Structure

. M1 Introduction, Fluid dynamics Governing Equations and Differential Equations

1.1 Philosophy of Computational Fluid Dynamics
1.1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics: Why?
1.1.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Research Tool.
1.1.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Design Tool
1.1.4 The Impact of Computational Fluid Dynamics.
1.1.5 Applications, Computational Fluid Dynamics

1.2 The Governing Equations of Fluid Dynamics: Their Derivation, a Discussion of Their
Physical Meaning, and a Presentation of Forms Particularly Suitable to CFD
Particularly Suitable to CFD
1.2.2 Introduction Models of the Flow
1.2.3 Finite Control Volume
1.2.4 Infinitesimal Fluid Element
1.2.5 The Substantial Derivative
 1.2.6 The Divergence of the Velocity: Its Physical Meaning
1.2.7 The Continuity Equation
1.2.8 The Momentum Equation
1.2.9 The Energy Equation
1.2.10 Summary of the Governing Equations for Fluid Dynamics.

1.3 Mathematical Behaviour of Partial Differential Equations: The Impact on CFD

1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Classification of Quasi-Linear Partial Differential Equations
1.3.3 General Method of Determining the Classification of Partial Differential
Equations:
The Eigen value Method
1.3.4 General Behaviour of the Different Classes of Partial Differential Equations:
Impact on Physical and Computational Fluid Dynamics,
1.3.5 Hyperbolic Equations,
1.3.6 Parabolic Equations,
1.3.7 Elliptic Equations
1.3.8 The Supersonic Blunt Body

M2 Discretization and Transformation of Grids

2.1 Basic Aspects of Discretization
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Introduction to Finite Differences
2.1.3 Difference Equations, Explicit and Implicit Approaches: Definitions and Contrasts
2.1.4 Errors and an Analysis of Stability
2.1.5 Stability Analysis: A Broader Perspective

2.2 Grids with Appropriate Transformations

2.2.1 General Transformation of the Equations
2.2.2 Metrics and Jacobians
2.2.3 Form of the Governing Equations Particularly Suited for CFD Revisited

M3 Miscellaneous CFD Techniques

3.1. Some Simple CFD Techniques: A Beginning Introduction
3.1.1 The Lax-Wendroff Technique
3.1.2 McCormack's Technique,
3.1.3 Conservation Form and Space Marching
3.1.4 The Relaxation Technique and Its Use with Low-Speed In viscid Flow
3.1.5 Aspects of Numerical Dissipation and Dispersion
3.1.6 Artificial Viscosity
3.1.7 The Alternating-Direction-Implicit (ADI) Technique
3.1.8 The Pressure Correction Technique
3.1.9 Application, Computer Graphic Techniques Used in CFD

M4 Applications Using Governing Equations

4.1 Numerical Solutions of Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
4.1.1 Introduction to the Physical Problem: Subsonic-Supersonic
4.1.2 Isentropic Flow
 4.1.3 CFD Solution of Subsonic-Supersonic Isentropic Nozzle Flow: McCormack's
Technique.
4.2 Incompressible Couette Flow:
4.2.1 Numerical Solutions by Means of an Implicit Method and the Pressure correction
Method
4.2.2 The Physical Problem and Its Exact Analytical Solution
4.2.3 The Numerical Approach:
4.2.4 Implicit Crank-Nicholson Technique
4.3.5 The Pressure Correction Method

4.3 Supersonic Flow over a Flat Plate:

4.3.1 Numerical Solution by Solving the Complete Navier-Stokes Equations
4.3.2 The Physical Problem
4.3.3 The Numerical Approach: Explicit Finite-Difference
4.3.4 Solution of the Two-Dimensional Complete Navier-Stokes Equations: Equations
The Governing Flow Equations
4.3.5 The Setup
4.3.6 The Finite-Difference Equations
4.3.7 Calculation of Step Sizes in Space and Time
4.3.8 Initial and Boundary Conditions

M5 Future Scope
5.1 Future of CFD
5.1.1. The Importance of CFD Revisited
5.1.2 Computer Graphics in CFD
5.1.3 The Future of CFD: Enhancing the Design Process

Part B: Course Hand-out

Session Schedule
(Each Contact Session is of 1.5 Hours duration)
CS #
MODULES /
Lectur SESSION TOPIC REF
(Sub-Topics)
e
1 Philosophy of Computational Fluid Chap 1 TB
Dynamics
The Governing Equations of Fluid TB
Dynamics: Their Derivation, a Discussion
2, 3 of Their Physical Meaning, and a Chap 2
Presentation of Forms Particularly Suitable
to CFD TB
Mathematical Behaviour of Partial Chap 3
4,5
Differential Equations: The Impact on CFD
6,7 Basic Aspects of Discretization Chap 4 TB
8 Grids with Appropriate Transformations Chap 5 TB
Some Simple CFD Techniques: A Chap 6 TB
9,10
Beginning Introduction
 Numerical Solutions of Quasi-One- Chap 7 TB
11,12
Dimensional Nozzle Flows
Incompressible Couette Flow: Numerical TB
13,14 Solutions by Means of an Implicit Method Chap 9
and the Pressure correction Method
Supersonic Flow over a Flat Plate: TB
Numerical Chap 10
15,16
Solution by Solving the Complete Navier-
Stokes Equations

Assignments
 Assignment Topics are based on practical problems experienced.
 Assignments/Projects are take-home and will be announced during first two
weeks of starting semester and deadline will be announced in class.
 Each Assignment has to follow by Presentation/Report in connection with
problem given.
 Students has to spend few hours weekly in research, discussion and preparation
of the Assignment/Project/report and presentation.
 Project Activity/ Experiential Lab:

Sr No Lab Details/ Project Details Access
01 Flow vision On-ramp Through online portal
02 Virtual Lab: Flow vision Simulink software: – 16 hours of Through online portal
practice – Graded for 20%

 Evaluation Scheme:
 Legend: EC = Evaluation Component; AN = After Noon Session; FN = Fore Noon Session
Evaluation Name Type (Open Weight Duration Day, Date, Session,
Component (Quiz, Lab, Project, Mid- book, Closed Time
term exam, End semester book,
exam, etc.) Online, etc.)
Theory- Quiz/Assignment Online 10% 2 Weeks February 14-24,
2022
EC - 1
Lab Assignment Online 16% March 14-24, 2022
Lab Quiz Online 04% April 14-24, 2022
Mid-Semester Test Open Book 30% 2 hours Saturday,
EC - 2 12/03/2022 (AN)
2 PM – 4 PM
Comprehensive Exam Open Book 40% 2 hours Saturday,
EC - 3 21/05/2022 (AN)
2 PM – 4 PM

# Closed Book: No reference material of any kind will be permitted inside the exam hall.
# Open Book: Any type of mode is allowed.
# Plagiarism of any kind is not allowed in reports/presentations.

Note:
 It shall be the responsibility of the individual student to be regular in maintaining the
self-study schedule as given in the course handout, attend the online/on demand
lectures as per details that would be put up in the BITS eLearn (Taxila) website
elearn.bits-pilani.ac.in and take all the prescribed components of the evaluation such
as Assignments/Quizzes, Mid Semester and End Semester Examination according to
the Evaluation Scheme given in the respective Course Handout.
 If the student is unable to appear for the Regular Examination due to genuine
exigencies, the student must refer to the procedure for applying for Make-up
Examination, which will be available through the Important Information link on the e
Learn website on the date of the Regular Examination. The Make-up Tests/Exams will
be conducted only at selected exam Centre’s on the dates to be announced later.
 Computational Fluid Dynamics – Simulation LAB
1. Scope of the lab
To support the theory learned in computational fluid dynamics course with modelling and
simulation to understand the implementation of various fluid dynamics process and instil
confidence in students to approach the real world problems.

2. Objectives of Lab
Developing skill set to analyse the CFD related problems with the simulation aid to help
before actual manufacturing.

3. Learning Outcome of the lab

 Understand, model and analyse various CFD process and solve the typical
manufacturing problems.

4. List of simulation experiments: Software Tool used: Flow vision

Tut. Tut. Name Solvin Quiz Assignment Chapter

No. g Time Marks Marks No.
1. Laminar flow in pipe 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
2. Turbulent flow in pipe 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
3. Time varying flow 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
4. Conduction in solid bar 2 hours 4 3, 4 and 5
16 Marks
5. Free jet flow 2 hours Marks 3, 4 and 5
6. Flow between blades of rotor 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
7. Conjugate convection 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
8. Non reacting mixtures 2 hours 3, 4 and 5
Total Marks 20

5. Evaluation Scheme

Evaluation Name Type Weight Duration

Component

EC - 1 Tutorial + Quiz (4) Online 8% 2 hrs (for 8 quizzes)

EC - 2 Assignment (12) Online 12% 2 hrs

Note: After completion of every practice tutorial problem, take a snapshot and include the
same in the final assignment PPT lastly. Quiz questions will be based on the practice tutorial
problems and results.

Instruction Schedule
Lab Class work Instructions Online TBA 2 Hrs
Delivery

Evaluation Scheme
Evaluation Name Type Marks Dates Lab Exam Date Duration
Componen
t

Quiz based Online 04

on virtual lab

Assignment Online 16 Phase I duration Regular TBA

based on TBA TBA
EC - I virtual lab Phase II duration
(12 for TBA Makeup TBA
assignment TBA
and 4 for
practice
screenshots)
Link for lab dates and other details (copy the link and paste it in your browser).

Instructor-in-Charge