INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

Computational Fluid dynamics and heat transfer (CFD)

MIN 527

Instructor: Prof. S Dutta

MIED, IIT Roorkee
Syllabus and evaluation
S. COURSE CONTENTS Contact
No. Hrs
1 Introduction: Conservation equations; Mass, momentum and energy equations; 3
Conservative forms of the equations and general description.
2 Classification and Overview of Numerical Methods: Classification into various 4
types of equations -- parabolic elliptic and hyperbolic; Boundary and initial
conditions; Overview of numerical methods.

3 Finite Difference Method: Introduction, finite difference approximations, Taylor 6

series expansion, polynomial fitting, approximation of boundary conditions,
applications to conduction and advection-diffusion problems, errors and accuracy,
Grid generation

4 Methods of Solution: Solution of finite difference equations, iterative methods, 5

matrix inversion methods, ADI method, operator splitting, fast Fourier transform,
applications.

Evaluation (continuous evaluation)

Schedule: Monday, Tuesday and Thursday ( Time: 12.05- 1 .00 PM)

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5 Numerical Methods for incompressible fluid flow: Explicit and implicit methods; 6
SIMPLE type methods; Stream function-vorticity method
6 Numerical methods for conduction heat transfer: Steady and unsteady heat 5
conduction, Transient one-dimensional problem, method of solution,

7 Numerical Method for Convection heat transfer: Convection-diffusion, Steady, 4

Unsteady, thermal boundary layer flow, upwind scheme
8 Finite Volume Method: Basic methodology, finite volume discretization, 3
approximation of surface and volume integrals.

9 Finite Element Method: Introduction to Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin and least square 2

methods, interpolation functions, one and two dimensional elements, applications

10 Turbulence modeling: Introduction to Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations, 4

RANS modeling, DNS and LES.

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References
S. No. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Year of
Publication
1. Anderson, D.A., Tannehill, J.C. and Pletcher, R.H., “Computational Fluid 2011
Mechanics and Heat Transfer”, 3rd Ed., Taylor & Francis
2. Anderson, J.D., Jr., “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw Hill. 1995
3. Ferziger, J. H. and Peric, M., “Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics”, 3rd 2003
Ed., Springer.
4. Versteeg, H. and Malalasekra, M., “An Introduction to Computational Fluid 2007
Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method”, 2nd Ed., Pearson Education
5. Reddy, J. N. and Gartling, D. K., “The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer 2010
and Fluid Dynamics”, 3rd Ed., CRC Press.
6. Chung, T. J., “Computational Fluid Dynamics”. 2nd Ed., Cambridge University 2010
Press
7. Patankar, S. V., “Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow”, Taylor and Francis 1980

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Background

• Fluid Mechanics
• Heat transfer
• Calculus
• Programming language such as Fortran or C++

Governing equations:
• Mass conservation
• Newton’s 2nd law
• Energy conservation

• Differential form or integral form

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Intro..

Advantages of computer simulation:

 Possible to see the simultaneous effect of various behaviors
of the system
 Much cheaper than conducting experiments.
 Very complex problem can be simulated.
 In some cases, it is the only alternative to experiment.

Disadvantages:
Complex flow phenomena like turbulence, combustion are
difficult to simulate.

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Applications:

• All methods of power production.

eg. Thermal, nuclear, hydraulic, wind, solar etc.
• Heating & air conditioning of buildings
• Chemical and metallurgical industries (furnaces, heat
exchangers, condenser, reactor)
• Design of I C engine
• Optimization of heat transfer for cooling fins.
• Aircraft and space craft.
• Design of electrical machining and electronic circuits.
• Cooling of computers
• Weather prediction and environmental pollution

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Applications:

• Material processing
• Drying of solids
• Processing of solid and liquid wastes
• Bio-heat transfer

Temperature and natural

convection currents in the eye
following laser heating.

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Why CFD?

• Non linear differential equations along with non linear

boundary conditions.
• Simulation of physical fluid phenomena that are difficult for
experiments
 Full scale simulations (e.g., ships and airplanes)
 Environmental effects (wind, weather, etc.)
 Hazards (e.g., explosions, radiation, pollution)
 Physics (e.g., planetary boundary layer, stellar evolution)

• Comparison between experimental, analytical and numerical

methods.

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Experiments
Advantages:
1. Most realistic
Disadvantages:
1. Equipment required
2. High operating cost
3. Scaling problem
4. Measurement difficulties
Numerical simulations
• Advantages:
1. No restriction to linearity
2. Ability to handle irregular
geometry
3. Low cost and high speed
computation
Disadvantages:
1. Truncation error and round
off error
2. Approximations
3. Boundary condition problem
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Introduction

• What is Computer simulation?

Discretization
Mathematical Set of algebraic
Physical Process equation (differential equation
eqn)

Solution

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 Theoretical Methods of Investigation

Analytical Solution: Possible for certain simple situation only but not for a
general fluid flow and heat transfer situations.
• Numerical Solution: Provides approximate soln. for any fluid flow and heat
transfer situations.
– Governing Equations, Initial and Boundary Conditions
– Grid Generation : Discretization of the continuous domain to certain grid points in
the domain.
– Discretization : Converts the differential equation to set of linear algebraic equations
– Solution Methodology : Solves the set of equations by an iterative method using an
algorithm

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