ADVANCED EXPERT

Word Part of Pron Definition Example

speech

onlooker n ˈɒnˌlʊkə someone who watches something A crowd of onlookers had gathered at the scene of the
happening without being involved in accident.
зрител, случаен свидетел it
recipient n rɪˈsɪpiənt someone who receives something the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

получател, обект
derivative n dɪˈrɪvətɪv something that has developed or Heroin is a derivative of morphine.
been produced from something else
вторичен/производен продукт
source n sɔːs a thing, place, activity etc that you They get their money from various sources.
get something from
източник, начало, извор
equate v ɪˈkweɪt to consider that two things are Most people equate wealth with success.
similar or connected
уравнявам, приравнявам,
смятам за равен
equivalent n ɪ something that has the same value, The word has no equivalent in English.
ˈkwɪvələnt purpose, job etc as something else
аналог, еквивалент, който е
равностоен/равнозначещ
hog v hɒɡ to keep, use, or have all of How much longer are you going to hog the bathroom?
something that should be shared
грабя, използвам безразсъдно
impact n ˈɪmpækt the effect or influence that an event, We need to assess the impact on climate change.
situation etc has on someone or
въздействие, влияние something
alleviate v əˈliːvieɪt to make something less painful or a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
difficult to deal with
облекчавам
dual adj ˈdjuːəl having two of something or two parts The bridge has a dual role, carrying both road and rail.

двоен, двойствен
offspring n ˈɒfˌsprɪŋ someone’s child or children – often a young mother trying to control her offspring
used humorously
потомство, поколение
spirited adj ˈspɪrətəd, having energy and determination – a spirited and energetic girl
ˈspɪrɪtəd used to show approval
смел, енергичен, оживен
surplus to requirements adj phr ˈsɜːpləs tə This paper is surplus to requirements so I'm going to
rɪ recycle it.
излишък, повече от ˈkwaɪəmə
необходимото/нужното nts an amount of something that is more
количество/стойност than what is needed
dispose of v dɪˈspəʊz to get rid of something, especially I dispose of all my glass at a recycling bank.
something that is difficult to get rid
отървавам се от of
landfill n ˈlændfɪl the practice of burying waste under There is no room left in my town for landfill.
the ground, or the waste buried in
сметище this way
instil v ɪnˈstɪl to teach someone to think, behave, A manager’s job is to instil determination into his players.
or feel in a particular way over a
вдъхвам, научавам на period of time
dispute v dɪˈspjuːt to say that something such as a fact The main facts of the book have never been disputed.
or idea is not correct or true
оспорвам, споря
opportunistic adj ˌɒpətjuː someone who uses every opportunity opportunistic thefts from cars
ˈnɪstɪk to gain power, money, or unfair
който се възползва от всяка advantages – used to show
ситуация (в отрицателен disapproval
аспект)
predator n ˈpredətə an animal that kills and eats other The shark is the most powerful predator in the sea.
animals
хищник
detrimental adj ˌdetrə causing harm or damage Smoking is detrimental to your health.
ˈmentl,
ˌdetrɪ
вреден, пагубен ˈmentl
mammal n ˈmæməl a type of animal that drinks milk Humans are mammals, just like chimpanzees and dogs.
from its mother’s body when it is
бозайник young. Humans, dogs, and whales
are mammals.
contemplate v ˈkɒntəmpl to think about something that you He had even contemplated suicide.
eɪt might do in the future
размишлявам върху, планирам,
очаквам
neuter v ˈnjuːtə to remove part of the sex organs of a neutered tomcat
an animal so that it cannot produce
babies
Advanced Expert 2
кастрирам
dusk n dʌsk the time before it gets dark when the The street lights go on at dusk.
здрач, привечер, сумрак, sky is becoming less bright
полумрак
advocate v ˈædvəkeɪt to publicly support a particular way Extremists were openly advocating violence.
of doing something
застъпвам се за,
пропагандирам, препоръчвам,
проповядвам
finite adj ˈfaɪnaɪt having an end or a limit the Earth’s finite resources

краен, ограничен, определен, с

граници
feline adj ˈfiːlaɪn relating to cats or other members of She moves with feline grace.
the cat family, such as lions
котешки, свързан с котка/и
premium adj ˈpriːmiəm I only buy premium cheese, I don't like the taste of the
cheap products.
първокласен, с високи
качество и цена of very high quality
sinner n ˈsɪnə someone who has sinned by not When I asked for a plastic bag she looked as me as
obeying God’s laws though I were a sinner.
грешник, виновник
excess adj ˈekses additional and not needed because Cut any excess fat from the meat.
there is already enough of something
свръх, допълнителен, който е
над нормата
spark off phr v spɑːk ɒf The hot weather sparked off some dramatic
thunderstorms.
провокирам, поставям начало to be the cause of something,
на especially trouble or violence
thin on the ground idm θɪn ɒn ðə Supporters of the politician are thin on the ground -- no
ɡraʊnd more than a handful.
съществувам в if a particular type of person or thing
ограничен/малък брой / is thin on the ground, there are very
ограничени/малки количества few available
emit v ɪˈmɪt to send out gas, heat, light, sound The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.
etc
пускам, изпускам, отделям
give rise to v phr ɡɪv raɪz tə to be the reason why something The flooding gave rise to a lot of damage in homes.

Advanced Expert 3
 happens, especially something bad
пораждам, предизвиквам or unpleasant
wipe out phr v waɪp aʊt to destroy, remove, or get rid of Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.
something completely
унищожавам, заличавам
spray v spreɪ to force liquid out of a container so She sprayed herself with perfume.
that it comes out in a stream of very
пръскам, ръся small drops and covers an area
build-up n bɪld ʌp an increase over a period of time a heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway

натрупване, акумулиране
ozone layer n phr ˈəʊzəʊn a layer of gases in the sky that the hole in the ozone layer
ˈleɪə prevents harmful radiation from the
озонов слой sun from reaching the Earth
famine n ˈfæmən, a situation in which a large number the great potato famine in Ireland
ˈfæmɪn of people have little or no food for a
глад, недостиг long time and many people die
genetically-modified v dʒəˈnetɪkli genetically-modified foods and plants Consumers are turning their backs on genetically-
ˌmɒdɪfaɪd have had their GENETIC (=the modified ingredients, and demanding organic products.
materials that control the
development of particular qualities)
structure changed so that they are
генетично модифициран not affected by certain diseases or
harmful insects
imminent adj ˈɪmənənt, an event that is imminent, especially He was in imminent danger of dying.
ˈɪmɪnənt an unpleasant one, will happen very
предстоящ, надвиснал soon
oblivious adj əˈblɪviəs not knowing about or not noticing He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.
something that is happening around
заравил, разсеян, несъзнаващ you
implication n ˌɪmplə a possible future effect or result of What are the implications of these proposals?
ˈkeɪʃən, an action, event, decision etc
извод, възможен резултат ˌɪmplɪ
ˈkeɪʃən
pollinate v ˈpɒləneɪt, to give a flower or plant pollen so flowers pollinated by bees
ˈpɒlɪneɪt that it can produce seeds
опрашвам
crucial adj ˈkruːʃəl something that is crucial is extremely This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic
important, because everything else policies.
решаващ, съдбоносен, depends on it
повратен
Advanced Expert 4
inevitable adj ɪ certain to happen and impossible to A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.
ˈnevətəbəl avoid
неизбежен, неминуем ,ɪ
ˈnevɪtəbəl
knock-on effect n phr ˌnɒk ˈɒn ɪ to start a process in which We have had no rain for six months and the knock-on
ˈfekt everything that happens causes effect is that many plants have died.
вторично/косвено въздействие something else to happen
availability n əˌveɪlə something that is available is able to the availability of affordable housing
ˈbɪləti, ə be used or can easily be bought or
ˌveɪlə found
наличност, годност, пригодност ˈbɪlɪti
be right up there with idm bi raɪt ʌp is amongst the best/most important My wedding day is right up there as one of the happiest
ðeə wɪð moments of my life.
който е сред
най-важни/значими/съществе
ни (неща/моменти)

scenario n səˈnɑːriəʊ, a situation that could possibly Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job.
sɪˈnɑːriəʊ happen
сценарий, възможна/вероятна
ситуация
deteriorate v dɪ to become worse Ethel’s health has deteriorated.
ˈtɪəriəreɪt
влошавам (се), израждам (се)
corresponding adj ˌkɒrə caused by or connected with The war and the corresponding fall in trade have had a
ˈspɒndɪŋ, something you have already devastating effect on the country.
ˌkɒrɪ mentioned
съответен, отговарящ, който ˈspɒndɪŋ
съответства/кореспондира
repetitive adj rɪˈpetətɪv, done many times in the same way, repetitive tasks like washing and ironing
rɪˈpetɪtɪv and boring
повтарящ се, стандартен,
сериен
diversity n daɪ the fact of including many different The curriculum will take account of the ethnic diversity of
ˈvɜːsəti, types of people or things the population.
daɪˈvɜːsɪti,
многообразие, разнообразие də-
be prone to v phr bi prəʊn tə We live near a river and our house is prone to flooding.
likely to do something or suffer from
склонен/предразположен съм something, especially something bad
към or harmful
Advanced Expert 5
immune system n phr ɪˈmjuːn the system by which your body My immune system is not as strong as it ought to be.
ˈsɪstəm protects itself against disease
имунна система
thrive v θraɪv to become very successful or very plants that thrive in tropical rain forests
strong and healthy
процъфтявам, преуспявам
infect v ɪnˈfekt to give someone a disease People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can
still infect others.
заразявам, инфектирам
pesticide n ˈpestəsaɪd a chemical substance used to kill Pesticides are useful for farmers because they increase
, insects and small animals that the size of the harvest.
пестицид, препарат за ˈpestɪsaɪd destroy crops
растителна защита
disoriented adj dɪs confused and not understanding When he emerged into the street, he was completely
ˈɔːrientəd, what is happening around you disoriented.
който dɪs
заблуждава/дезориентира ˈɔːrientɪd
habitat n ˈhæbətæt, the natural home of a plant or animal watching monkeys in their natural habitat
ˈhæbɪtæt
естествена среда, среда на
живот
further afield adj ˈfɜːðə ə further away If you want something unusual, you should look further
ˈfiːld afield rather than in just the local shops.
далеч от/извън границите на
(дом, страна)
phenomenon n fɪ something that happens or exists in the growing phenomenon of telecommuting
ˈnɒmənən, society, science, or nature, especially
fɪ something that is studied because it
феномен, изключително ˈnɒmɪnən is difficult to understand
явление
pest n pest a small animal or insect that a chemical used in pest control
destroys crops or food supplies
вредител, напаст
virtually adv ˈvɜːtʃuəli almost Virtually all the children come to school by bus.

почти, на практика
bitterly adv ˈbɪtəli in a way that produces or shows He complained bitterly about his exam grades.
feelings of great sadness or anger
силно, горчиво
unspoilt adj ˌʌn ˈspɔɪəl an unspoilt place is beautiful because This stretch of coastline is really natural and unspoilt.

Advanced Expert 6

недокоснат, девствен
dependent
зависим, подчинен
beneficial
полезен, благотворен,
ползотворен
hacker
хакер/човек, който успява да
осъществи неправомерен
достъп до данни/информация
breed
порода, вид, род, сой, сорт,
категория
threat
заплаха, опасност
acknowledge
признавам, потвърждавам,
приемам
bound to be
много вероятно е да
направя/почувствам нещо
in perspective
преценявам
значимостта/важността на
нещо по правилен начин/,
имайки предвид други
факти/обстоятелства
privacy
уединение, тайна, усамотение,
Advanced Expert
t  it has not changed for a long time
and does not have a lot of new
buildings
adj dɪ needing someone or something in Norway’s economy is heavily dependent on natural
ˈpendənt order to exist, be successful, be resources.
healthy etc
adj ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl, having a good effect a drug that has a beneficial effect on the immune system
ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl
n ˈhækə someone who secretly uses or A hacker had managed to get into the system.
changes the information in other
people’s computer systems
n briːd a type of animal that is kept as a pet Spaniels are my favourite breed of dog.
or on a farm
n θret The team we're playing this weekend is a bit of a threat,
someone or something that is but I'm sure we can beat them.
regarded as a possible danger
v əkˈnɒlɪdʒ to admit or accept that something is The family acknowledge the need for change.
true or that a situation exists
adj baʊnd tə You're bound to feel a bit lonely when your sister goes to
bi university.
to be very likely to do or feel a
particular thing
adj phr ɪn pə You might not have got an A grade, but you need to get
ˈspektɪv things into perspective -- you can still go to university.
judge the importance of something
correctly
n ˈprɪvəsi, the state of being able to be alone, With seven people squashed in one house, you don’t get
ˈpraɪ- and not seen or heard by other much privacy.
people
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интимност
scandalous
скандален, възмутителен,
позорен
ferret through
тършувам в/из
discard
захвърлям, отказвам се от,
изоставям
scary
страшен, страховит
hush something up
потулвам/прикривам нещо
непочтено/неморално
unsettle
нарушавам
спокойствието/равновесието
на, размествам, разбърквам
hardened
закален, опитен в дадена
сфера и непозволяващ на
отрицателни фактори да
влияят/повлияват
fall for
бивам подведен/подмамен, че
нещо не е вярно
stalk
дебна, преследвам, вървя
дебнешком
hold hostage
Advanced Expert
adj ˈskændələ completely unfair and wrong a scandalous waste of public money
s
phr v ˈferət θruː to search for something that is lost I can't find the invitation; could you ferret through that
or hidden among a lot of things or pile of paper while I look upstairs?
inside a drawer, box etc
v dɪsˈkɑːd to get rid of something Discard any old cleaning materials.
adj ˈskeəri frightening a scary moment
phr v hʌʃ to prevent people from knowing The whole affair was hushed up by the government.
ˈsʌmθɪŋ about something dishonest or
ʌp immoral
v ʌnˈsetl to make someone feel slightly The sudden changes unsettled Judy.
nervous, worried, or upset
adj ˈhɑːdnd a criminal, police officer etc who has Dan is a hardened smoker -- I think he'll find it very
had a lot of experience of things that difficult to give up now.
are shocking and is therefore less
affected by them
v phr fɔːl fə The criminal tricked me out of my money -- I can't
believe I fell for it!
to be tricked into believing
something that is not true
v stɔːk to follow a person or animal quietly a tiger stalking its prey
in order to catch and attack or kill
them
v phr həʊld keep someone as a prisoner so that The workers were kidnapped and held hostage in a secret
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държа (някого) като/за
заложник
unforgivable
непростим, непростителен
one step ahead
свършил/направил съм нещо
преди някой друг, в процес на
извършване съм на нещо,
което е нужно/необходимо
outsmart
надхитрям
dire
ˈhɒstɪdʒ location for 10 days.
the other side will do what the
enemy demands
adj an unforgivable action is so bad or I really find it unforgiveable that my best friend stole my
ˌʌnfə cruel that you cannot forgive the boyfriend.
ˈɡɪvəbəl person who did it
idm wʌn step ə already doing what needs to be done You've already made cakes for the party? You're always
ˈhed one step ahead!
v aʊtˈsmɑːt to gain an advantage over someone The older kids outsmart the young ones when trading
using tricks or your intelligence cards.
adj daɪə extremely serious or terrible warnings of dire consequences that often don’t come true

страшен, ужасен
on your guard adj phr ɒn jə ɡɑːd to be paying attention to what is These men are dangerous so you’ll need to be on your
happening in order to avoid danger, guard.
обръщам внимание на нещо, being tricked etc
което се случва/протича, за да
избегна опасност/, за да не
допусна да бъда измамен
mugger n ˈmʌɡə someone who attacks people in a A mugger took my mum's phone from her when she was
public place and robs them walking home last night.
крадец, нападател
fire off phr v faɪə ɒf send quickly and without much I was so angry I fired off an email to my boss. The next
thought day I regretted it.
изпращам (нещо) бързо, без да
обмисля действието
предварително/, без да се
замисля
sheer adj ʃɪə used to emphasize that something is The sheer size of the country makes communications
very heavy, large etc difficult.
абсолютен, очевиден, чист,
истински, пълен
instantaneous adj ˌɪnstən happening immediately modern methods of instantaneous communication
ˈteɪniəs
незабавен, мигновен,

Advanced Expert 9
моментален
scam n skæm a clever but dishonest way to get He got involved in a credit card scam.
money
измама
sharp-witted adj ˌʃɑːp able to think and react very quickly I've never been sharp-witted, so busy cities with lots of
ˈwɪtəd, people frighten me a bit.
който е с бърз/остър ум ˌʃɑːpˈwɪtɪd
body scan n phr ˈbɒdi a scan with a special machine that The last time I went through security at an airport, I had
skæn produces a picture of something to have a body scan.
сканиране на (части от) тялото outside your body, for security
purposes
biometric adj ˌbaɪəʊ relating to technology that can be biometric data
ˈmetrɪk used to measure things such as
people’s eyes or fingerprints. These
measurements can be kept on
computer and then used to check
биометричен (за someone’s identity, for example
статистически/иологични when they show a passport at an
данни) airport
CCTV camera n phr ˌsiː siː tiː security cameras that help police find I don't mind CCTVs cameras -- the only people who
ˈviː criminals should worry about them are criminals.
видеонаблюдение, ˈkæmərə
охранителна камера
fencing n ˈfensɪŋ The lord put fencing all around his land to keep
trespassers out.
ограда, ограждание, fences or the pieces of wood, metal
преграждане etc used to make them
phone tap n phr fəʊn tæp Governments sometimes put a phone tap on people who
an act of secretly listening to they believe are criminals.
подслушвателно устройство в someone's telephone, using
телефон electronic equipment
swipe card n phr swaɪp a special plastic card that you slide This swipe card gives me access to my office.
kɑːd through a machine in order to get
карта, която минава през into a building or open a door
електронно устройство/, която
чете/разчита информация
intimidating adj ɪ making you feel worried and not Some people find interview situations very intimidating.
ˈtɪmədeɪtɪ confident
плашещ, заплашителен ŋ, ɪ
ˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪ
ŋ
Advanced Expert 10
pick up phr v pɪk ʌp I find it very difficult to pick up languages, it takes me
lots of practice.
усвоявам нещо/придобивам
умения във връзка с нещо,
наблюдавайки или слушайки to learn something by watching or
други хора listening to other people

Advanced Expert 11