Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics

(Autonomous)

Bachelor of Science (IT) Programme

2021-22

SY Bsc (IT) Semester IV Division A

Course Name: Embedded Systems
Title of Synopsis: Embedded Board Development Interfaced with
GPS/IRNSS/NavIC Receiver for Disaster Applications

Submitted by:
Student Name SAP ID Roll No
Anam Bargir 45207200017 A003
Kenil Gevariya 45207200064 A013
Harshvardhan Makwana 45207200044 A024
Manav Parmar 45207200001 A036
Hiren Vaidya 45207200050 A050

Bsc IT \Sem IV \ Embedded System

Embedded Board Development Interfaced with GPS/IRNSS/NavIC
Receiver for Disaster Applications

SYNOPSIS
The research is based on creating an embedded board development interface
receiver for Disaster Application with GPS, IRNSS and NavIC. The Introductory
part of the research acquaints the reader with how and why disasters, specially
landslides and land deformation occur and how they cause destruction. A brief is
given about the framework of the entire application with the help of specifications
about the technologies in the device namely GPS, IRNSS and NavIC receivers.
A pictorial representation of segments of GPS is also displayed. Minute
comparison is made between terms like Global Navigation Satellite System
(GLONASS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) is made. The reason behind
the designed framework is also mentioned by adding a past incident from the
Kargil War. An entire section in the research is dedicated to wireless network
sensors indicating its importance in the application because of its features like
high sensitivity, less power consumption, linearity, less noise detection and
disturbance. This section clearly describes the stipulations of all the sensors used.
In literature survey, it is mentioned how an attempt is made to detect the
calamities with the application using a number of techniques like distributed
decision algorithm and centralized detection. Considering Centralized detection,
it is explained how Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) is obtained to
compare the relative performance using mica2 in Matlab. It is also explained why
chary of larcency should be adopted.
The following are the essential device required for the implementation of
proposed Block diagram for landslide detection are Raspberry Pi; Moisture
sensor; Tilt Meter; Pressure sensor; Vibration sensor; Rain detector; ZigBee;
Solar panel; Battery; Global Positioning satellite tv for pc device; NavIC receiver.
Proposed device is being applied the usage of diverse forms of sensors like
Pressure sensor, tilt sensor, vibration sensor, rain sensor, moisture sensor together
with GPS device observed via way of means of controller. While contemporary
exercise moreover makes use of extraordinary types of sensors like
extensometers, installation inclinometers, tilt meter, weight transducers and rain
checks, all of which offer sizable facts recognized with avalanches, which
limitation their association to simply high-risk locations due to obtrusive fee
reasons.

Bsc IT \Sem IV \ Embedded System

The main objective of survey was to study about Altitude variations and position
errors, interferences, Foliage Loss and also to find out interferences and calculate
Geometric Dilution of Precision, Horizontal Dilution of Precision, Dilution of
Precision, and Time Dilution of Precision. The combination of these two
components of the three-dimensional position is called PDOP - position dilution
of precision. A key element of GPS mission planning is to identify the time of
day when PDOP is minimized. Since satellite orbits are known, PDOP can be
predicted for a given time and location.
Below Equation represents PDOP, represents TDOP and Equation GDOP.

These urban structures either thoroughly hinder the radio signs sent by the
satellites or adjust their way with the goal that they never achieve the GPS servers
or GPS gadget. The radio flag needs to movement a long separation before it
achieves the GPS gadget. While in space, the radio signs may not confront any
diversion or may get some obstruction.
On the off chance that the GPS gadgets are being utilized submerged, for
example, in submarines, the separation turns out to be too ache for the radio signs
to hold their quality. The thickness of sea water likewise adds to the debilitating
of the radio signs. To put it plainly, there are numerous things that meddle with a
GPS flag despite the fact that the present GPS framework has been composed in
an approach to offer ground-based beneficiaries with the radio flags in a straight
line, as clarified in the primary segment.

The framework is set out on building up a sensor system to screen and recognize
avalanches. Since avalanches are normally activated by serious storms or delayed
medium power precipitation, our first decision was a rain identifier which is
utilized to identify the precipitation. At the point when the rain is recognized,
Moisture sensor which is installed inside the dirt layer is measures the level of
wetness to discover the water infiltrates in the dirt. The mapping from various
sensor edges to the three cautioning levels should be possible in both of two
different ways: (i) the four sensor esteems are viewed as a 4-tuple, and three
logically higher tuple esteems are set as edges for the three cautioning levels
(beginning, impending, and prompt). (ii) Rainfall edge crossing and a pursue on

Bsc IT \Sem IV \ Embedded System

dampness level limit crossing triggers beginning cautioning, encourage edge
intersection of pore weight levels triggers impending cautioning, and past that, an
edge intersection of development sensors triggers quick cautioning.

Moisture Sensor: moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil and can
be used to estimate the amount of stored water in the soil horizon.
Pressure sensor: pressure sensor is a device for pressure measurement of
gases or liquids.
Tilt sensor: tilt sensor is an instrument that is used for measuring the tilt in
multiple axes of a reference plane.
Rain sensor: A rain sensor is one kind of switching device which is used to detect
the rainfall.
Vibration sensor: Vibration sensors are piezoelectric accelerometers that sense
vibration. They are used for measuring fluctuating accelerations or speeds or for
normal vibration measurement.

The main idea deals with sensors and its relation with the environmental concern
felicitous ways that helps in pre-warning and wider monitoring of landslides.
Sensors requires are able to monitor landslide even unfavourable weather
conditions either in real time monitoring or in post processing mode. This method
is utilized for wide range of scientific applications along with increment in
Productivity, monitoring capability, Accuracy, rapidly and economy with respect
to size of study area. Another method deals with the determination of accurate
point co-ordinates with Traditional GPS techniques which are required for
observation from times of one to several hours. This leads to the fast static and
real time kinematic with higher productivity and good theoretical precision. This
method deals with photogrammetric and geodetic measurements including
theodolite precision, electronic distance meters (EDM) and is applicable of GPS
to monitor surface displacements with larger coverage and work in all kind of
weather conditions indicating real time systems. The fledgling and
insurmountable problems that results as a consequence of landslide can be
detected with the help of sensors.
Since this research paper talks about the Embedded Board Development
Interfaced with GPS/IRNSS/NavIC Receiver, it shows how we can display the
result and Discussion in a graphical illustration of position errors that occur
victimising the NavIC receiver.

Bsc IT \Sem IV \ Embedded System

In an effort to look at the interference of signals at varied locations our task was
parcelled out among totally different locations. Information relating to position
plays a big role in period systems and is taken into account to be the position of
the foremost helpful parameter that provides the accuracy of the presence of
signals of a particular location and is considered to be useful by many orders of
magnitudes. Latitude and line of longitude are considered to be essential
parameters for Position accuracy. This graphical representation shows Elevation
close to the TV tower with relevancy distance and it's considered to be a necessary
issue for the position accuracy. It plays a vital role in describing different signals
given in numerous ranges with respect to displacement and is taken into account
to be useful. We tend to schedule our survey for International Airport, placed in
different part of India, which is one of the most important for all Airports in India.
Position Errors play the foremost important role in observant different signals
close to sure locations. Position Error is considered to be one of the essential
factors for enhancing the in formations with respect to that surroundings and
plays a vital role.
It has been made known that there are various methods used to detect landslides
using various Algorithms that cause life stress such as Distributed algorithm,
geophone network usage, geodetic monitoring, etc. which are considered
important.
So in the future various natural disasters and landslides can be detected using
wireless nerve networks.
Our goal is to design Hardware and operating software to predict earthquakes in
real time and to monitor at all times.
We kept the system running for over two years in the midst of bad weather,
collected extensive information from the area, evaluated a few arrangements to
test space parameters, and investigated their key requirements.
We then propose systems to reduce energy and its use in a practical and integrated
way for each sensor.
One of the graceful parts of this frame lies in the small, small, low-capacity
battery, a single solar-powered GPS band that can determine between the removal
of a hub between any two harbours accurately up to 4mm 2DRMS, measured
from a field test of real avalanche.
The system, performance and field test in GPS-Based Energy Accurate has used
the Related Status-based system to assess land degradation.
More appropriate and harmless ideas about landslides help to keep busy and
reduce stress.

Bsc IT \Sem IV \ Embedded System