UNIT 5

Kinetics of a Particle:
Force and acceleration ( Newton’s method)
 KINEMATICS (UNIT 4)
Rectilinear motion Curvilinear motion

v = vo + act at  v a t ds  vdv
1 v2
s = so + vot + a t 2 an 
2 c 
a  an  at
2 2
v2 2
= vo + 2ac(s-so)

constant acceleration Normal & Tangential

Components
 KINETICS

Work and Impulse and

Newton’s Method
Energy Method momentum

UNIT 5 UNIT 6
 STATICS

Newton’s first law

A particle originally at rest, will remain in rest SF=0

Newton’s second law

A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force, SF=ma
experiences acceleration that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly
proportional to the force
DYNAMICS
Free body diagram Kinetics diagram
Example 1

The crate has a mass of 50 kg. If the crate is subjected

to a 400[N] towing force as shown, determine the
velocity of the crate in 3[s] starting from rest.
ms= 0.5, mk= 0.3,
Equations of Motion :
Kinematics : The acceleration is constant, P is constant
Example 2

The crate has a mass of 80 kg. If the magnitude of P is

increased until the crate begins to slide, determine the
crate’s initial acceleration. ms= 0.5, mk= 0.3,
 [solution] 80(9.81) = 784.8[N] ms= 0.5
mk= 0.3
T
20o

Ff = 0.5N
: verge of slipping
: impending motion
Equations of equilibrium : N

SFx=0 ; Tcos20o – 0.5N = 0 ……..(i)

SFy=0 ; N + Psin20o – 784.8 = 0 ……...(ii)

T = 353.29 [N] , N = 663.79 [N]

 [solution] 784.8 [N]

353.29 [N] a
20o

Ff = 0.3N

N
Equations of Motion :

SFy=may ; N – 784.8 + 353.29sin20o = 80(0)

N = 663.97 [N]
SFx=max ; 353.29cos20o – 0.3(663.97) = 80a
a = 1.66 [m/s2]
Equations of Motion:
Normal and Tangential Coordinates

o t

When a particle moves along a curved path, it may be

more convenient to write the equation of motion in
terms of normal and tangential coordinates.
 b
o SFbub t

SFtut
SFnun

the force components acting on the particle

SFt = mat Ft : tangential force
SFn = man Fn : centripertal force
SFb = 0 Fb : binormal force
Example 1

The 3 kg disk is D is attached to the end of a cord as shown.

The other end of the cord is attached to a ball-and-socket joint
located at the center of the platform. If the platform is rotating rapidly,
and the disk is placed on it and released from rest as shown, determine
the time it takes for the disk to reach a speed great enough to break
the cord. The maximum tension the cord can sustain is 100 N. mk = 0.1
Frictional force : F = mkND
Direction : oppose the relative motion of the disk with
respect to the platform
Equations of Motion :

SFn=man ; T = m(v2/)
= 3v2
0.1ND = 3at
SFt=mat ;

SFb=0; ND – 29.43 = 0

ND = 29.43 N
Setting T = 100 N to get critical speed vcr
at = 0.981 m/s2
vcr = 5.77 m/s
Kinematics :

Since at is constant, vcr = vo + att

5.77 = 0 + (0.981)t
T = 5.89 s
Example 2

At the instant q = 60o, the boys center of mass

is momentarily at rest.

Determine the speed and the tension in each of the

two supporting cords of the swing when q = 90o.

The boy has a weight of 300 N ( ≈ 30 kg).

Neglect his size and the mass of the seat and cords
 At q = 60o, v=0 T=?
At q = 90o, v=?

Free-body diagram Kinetic diagram

n n

2T
q man

mat

t t
W
 n n
2T q man

θ mat
W t
t

Equations of Motion :
an = v2/
SFn=man ; 2T – Wsinq = man = v2/3
2T – 300sinq = 30(v2/3) ……(i)

SFt=mat ; Wcosq = mat

300cosq = 30at
10cosq = at ……(ii)
 2T – 300sinq = 30(v2/3) ……(i)

10cosq = at ……(ii)

Kinematics : (to relate at and v)

vdv = at ds s = q
vdv = 10cosq dq ds = dq
v 90

 vdv   ( 10 cos q )dq

0 60

v = 2.68 [m/s] The speed of the boy at q = 90o

Solving, we get T = 186 [N]

Quiz 1

The 400 [kg] mine car is hoisted up the incline using the cable and
motor M. For a short time, the force in the cable is F = 3200t 2 [N],
where t is in seconds. If the car has an initial velocity v1=2 [m/s] at
s=0 and t=0, determine the distance it moves up the plane when t=2
[s].

Ans = 5.43 m
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