Dynamics II Answers

Mechanics II :Newton’s Laws of Motion
NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION AND MOMENTUM
1. State Newton’s 1st Law of Motion. States that a body will continue in its state of rest or
uniform motion unless acted up on by an unbalanced or external force [1]
2. State Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion. states that if a resultant force acts on a body it will
cause that body to accelerate in the direction of the applied force at a rate proportional to
the magnitude of the force.[1]
3. State Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion. states that for every action force acting on one object
there is an equal and opposite reaction force acting on anther body.(OR for every action
force on a body there is an equal and opposite reaction force ) [1]
4. Briefly explain what is meant by the term ‘Inertia of Matter. Inertia of object/body is
defined as the tendency of a mass to resist changes in its motion[2]
5. Write which of Newton’s Laws can also be aptly called ‘The law of Inertia”. Newtons 1st
Law[1]
6. Define the term momentum and write its symbol. Momentum is the product of objects
mass and its velocity.[1]
7. Write the units in which momentum is measured. kg ms-1 [1]
8. Write which PAIR of Newton’s THREE laws of Motion, relates to the quantity of
momentum. Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws of Motion [1]
9. Write a word and a symbolic equation denoting (showing the relationship between the
mass m, the velocity v, and the momentum of an object/body. [1]
Momentum = mass of object × velocity of object
p= m×v
10. Write the symbol that represents the ‘initial velocity’ of an object/body. u [1]
11. Write the symbol that represents the ‘final velocity’ of an object/body. v [1]
12. Write a PAIR of symbolic equations for initial momentum’ and ‘final momentum’. [2]
initial momentum – mu
final momentum – mv
13. The symbol delta represents ’a change in OR a change of ’ .Write what EACH of the
symbolic representations below in a) to b) mean.
a) ∆v b) ∆T c) ∆mv d) ∆t
a) a change in velocity; b) a change in temperature; c) a change in momentum; d) a change in
time.
14. A time interval ∆t, is the difference between t2 the time at the finish/end of an event and
t1 the time at the start/beginning i.e. ∆t = t2 - t1 .
Describe briefly as above what the equation below represent:-
∆mv = mv – mu. [1]
A Change of momentum = final momentum – initial momentum
15. Define Impulse and write its symbol. [1]
Impulse (J )is defined as product of the average applied force acting on an object/body and
the time for which this average force acts.
16. State the units in which Impulse is measured. Newton seconds (Ns) [1]
17. Write the formula for calculating Impulse. [1]
Impulse = Force × time

J=F×t
18. The word equation: Impulse = change of momentum denotes (shows) how the Impulse on
an object/body is related to the change in momentum of object/body. Write a symbolic
equation, using only F, mv, t and mu Ft = mv – mu [2]
19. Using ONLY the symbols below:
F, a resultant or unbalanced force.

∆t, a time interval for which the force acts on an object/body.
∆mv, a change in the momentum of an object/body.
Write a symbolic equation for the alternative form of Newton’s 2nd Law of motion stated in
words below:
Resultant OR Unbalance force = the rate of the change in the momentum of a body
F = ∆mv
∆t
20. Give the relation (i.e. the formula) that denotes (shows) that ONLY a resultant or
unbalanced force F, acting on an object/body of mass m, can cause it to have an
acceleration a. F = ma [2]
21. Calculate the momentum in the items 21a) to 21d) using the equation written in item 9.
a) Find the momentum of a truck of 200 kg traveling at 40 ms-1. [2]
-1
m = 200 kg ; v = 40 ms
Using p = m × v
p = 200 kg × 40ms-1
p = 8,000 kg ms-1
b) Determine the momentum possess by a tennis ball of mass 0.04 kg thrown

horizontally at 12 ms-1. [2]
-1
m = 0.04 kg ; v = 12 ms
Using p = m × v
p = 0.04 kg × 12 ms-1
p = 0.48 kg ms-1
c) A ball bearing of mass 0.0016 kg is given a velocity of 700 ms-1, what is its
momentum. [2]
m = 0.0016 kg ; v = 700 ms-1
Using p = m × v
p = 0.0016 kg × 700ms-1
p = 1.12 kg ms-1
d) Calculate the momentum of bullet, whose mass is 1.0×10-2 kg fired from a gun at
200 ms-1. [2]
m = 1.0×10 – 2 kg ; v = 200 ms– 1
Using p = m × v
p = 1.0×10-2 kg × 200 ms-1

p = 2 kg ms-1
22. Calculate the impulse applied in the items 22a) to 22d) using the formula from item 17.
a) Determine the impulse on a football if an unbalance force of 20 N acts on the ball
for 0.6 s. [1]
Impulse = F × t
J = 20 N × 0.6 s
J = 12 Ns
b) Find the value of the impulse needed to drive a nail into a board if the hammer hits
it with an impulsive force of 92 N and the hammer and nail are in contact for only
0.02 s. [1]
Impulse = F × t
J = 92 N × 0.02 s
J = 1.84 Ns
c) What impulse would a thrower of a put (shot-put) have given it, if he/she applied a
push(impulsive force) of 370 N for 1.0×10-6 s. [1]
Impulse = F × t
J = 370 N × 1.0×10-6 s
J = 3.7 10– 4 Ns
d) Calculate the impulse for a carton of eggs on which a resultant force of 400 N is
applied for 360 s.[1]
Impulse = F × t
J = 400 N × 360 s
J = 144,000 Ns
23. Calculate the change of momentum ∆mv, in the items 23a) to 23b) using the formula
from item 14.
a) A boy catches a cricket ball of mass 0.14 kg which had a velocity of 20 ms-1. Find
the change in the momentum the ball would have experience when caught by the
boy. [2]
m = 0.1 kg
u = 20 ms-1
v = 0 ms-1
∆mv = ?
Using ∆mv = m(v – u )
∆mv = 0.1 kg ×( 0 – 20 ms-1) = – 2 kgms-1
b) Determine the momentum change experience by a bullet of mass 0.011kg if it has

an initial velocity u, of zero while in the guns chamber and is given a final velocity
v, of 300 ms-1 when fired.[2]
m = 0.011 kg
u = 0 ms-1
v = 300 ms-1
∆mv = ?
∆mv = 0.011 kg × (300 ms-1 – 0 ms-1) = 3.3 kgms-1

c) Evaluate the change in momentum in an arrow of mass 0.3 kg fired from a Bow at
166 ms-1 to end stuck in a stationary target.[2]
m = 0.3 kg
u = 166 ms-1
v = 0 ms-1
∆mv = ?
∆mv = 0.3 kg ×(0 ms-1 – 166 ms-1)= – 49.8 kgms-1
d) Find the change of momentum experience by a jet weighing 20,000kg, when it

takes off from a stationary position to attain flight at 10,000ms-1 (assuming the
planes mass is constant).[2]
m = 20,000 kg
v = 10,000 ms-1
∆mv = ?
∆mv = 20,000 kg ×(10,000 ms-1 – 0 ms-1) = 2.0 × 108 kgms-1
24. Calculate the Resultant, Impulsive, and Unbalance force for the items 24a) - 24d)
a) Find the average resultant force that acts on a glass marble of 0.0006 kg that would
change its velocity from 3 ms-1 to 4.4 ms-1 in 2 s.[2]
m = 0.0006 kg
u = 3.0 ms-1
v = 4.4 ms-1
Δv = v – u = (4.4 ms-1 – 3.0 ms-1)
Δt = 2 s
Impulsive F = ?
Using Impulsive F = mΔv

Δt
F = 0.0006 kg × 1.4 ms-1 = 8.4× 10- 4 kg ms-1 = 4.2 kg ms-2

2s 2s
F = 4.2 kg ms-2 or 4.2 N
b) The time interval ∆t for a change of momentum for stopping a fast moving tennis
ball on a racket is 0.2 s. If the ball weighed 0.042 kg and the momentum change is -
1.26 kgms-1. Calculate the impulsive force that would need to stop the ball.
[2]
m = 0.042 kg
u = 3.0 ms-1
v = 4.4 ms-1
Δmv = –1.26 kgms-1
Δt = 0.2 s
Impulsive F = ?
Using Impulsive F = Δmv

Δt
F = – 1.26 kgms-1 = – 6.3 kg ms-2 or – 6.3 N

0.2 s
F = – 6.3 kg ms-2 or – 6.3 N
c) Determine the value of F on a trucks braking system, to stop it in 8 s. If the truck

has a mass of 450,000 kg and is traveling with a speed 82 ms-1.[2]
m = 450,000 kg
u = 82 ms-1
v = 0 ms - 1
Δt = 8 s
Δv = v – u = (0 ms-1 – 82 ms-1 ) = – 82 ms-1
Using Impulsive F = mΔv

Δt
F = 450,000 kg × – 82 ms-1 = – 4.6125× 106 kg ms-2

8s
F = – 4.6125× 106 kg ms-2 or – 4.6125× 106 N
d) Evaluate the magnitude of the unbalance force required to launch a 700 Tonne
space shuttle into space in 30 minutes. If it is launch with a velocity of 1500,000
ms-1 from its ground launch pad.[2]
m = 700 t = 700,000 kg
u = 0 ms-1
v = 1500,000 ms-1
t = 30 minutes = (30 minutes × 60 s = 1800 s
1 minutes
a= v–u
t
a = 1500,000 ms-1 – 0 ms-1
1800 s
a = 833.3 ms-2
Using Impulsive F = ma
F = 7.0× 105 kg × 833.3 ms-2 = 5.8331×108 kg ms-2

or F = 5.8331×108 N
25. State the Principle/Law of Conservation of Momentum. [1]

For a system of bodies interacting by a collision, The total momentum before the collision is
equal to the total momentum after a collision provided no external force acts on the system of
bodies.
26. Differentiate between on Elastic collision and In-elastic collision. [2]

An elastic collision is one in which the total kinetic energy before and after a collision are
different. Whilst an elastic collision is one which the total kinetic energy before and after a
collision are exactly the same.
27. Write a word equation that summate (i.e. sums up briefly) the Principle/Law of
Conservation as it relates to collisions. [2]
Total momentum before a collision = Total momentum after a collision
28. With the aid of the word equation in item 27 and item 12 along with the diagrams before
and after collision/explosions. Solve items 29) to 34)
Before Collision After Collision

X Y (at rest)
1 kg u 6m/s 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg v
29. A Trolley X of mass 1 kg is moving with a velocity of 6ms-1 towards another Trolley Y,
of mass 2 kg which is at rest, fig.[Q]. Trolley X crashes into Trolley Y and both become
stuck together and move off with a velocity v, in the direction of X’s initial velocity u.
Calculate:-
i. The velocity v, both Trolleys would move off at. [3]

Convention : + ve velocities are directed to the right
– ve velocities are directed to the left.
Total momentum = Total momentum

Before collision. After collision.
px + pY = px + pY
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v
1 kg × 6 ms-1 + 2 kg × 0 ms-1 = (1 kg + 2 kg)v
6 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = (3 kg)v
6 kgms-1 = v
3 kg
2 ms-1 = v
ii. The total Ek before and total Ek after the collision. [3]
Kinetic energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision
½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2
½ [1 kg × (6 ms-1)2] + ½ [2 kg × (0 ms-1)2] : ½ [1 kg × (2 ms-1)2] + ½ [2 kg × (2 ms-1)2]
[18 kg ms-2] + [0 kg ms-2] : [4 kg ms-2] + [4 kg ms-2]
18 kg ms-2 : 8 kg ms-2
Ek before collision = 18 J : Ek after collision = 8 J
iii. State whether the collision is Elastic or In-elastic with a reason(s)for your
answer. The above collision is an inelastic collision since the kinetic energy Ek
, before and after the collision are different.
iv. [2]
X Y
uX = 5 ms-1 uY = 5ms vX vY
30. A 4 kg ball X moving with velocity uX of 10 ms-1 collides with 16 kg ball Y moving uY of
4 ms-1, with both balls traveling in opposite direction.
i. Calculate their velocity v, if they coalesce on impact (i.e. they are stuck
together after colliding). [3]

px + pY = px + pY
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v
4 kg × 10 ms-1 + 16 kg × – 4 ms-1 = (4 kg + 16 kg)v
40 kgms-1 + (– 64 kgms-1) = (20 kg)v
– 24 kgms-1 = v
20 kg
– 1.2 ms-1 = v
–ve sign means velocity is directed to the left
ii. Calculate the total Ek before and the total Ek after the collision.[3]

Kinetic Energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision
½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2
½[4 kg × (10 ms-1)2] + ½[16 kg × (– 4 ms-1)2] : ½[4 kg × (– 1.2 ms-1)2] + ½[16 kg × (1.2 ms-1)2]
[200 kg ms-2] + [128 kg ms-2] : [2.88 kg ms-2] + [11.52 kg ms-2]
328 kg ms-2 : 14.4 kg ms-2
Ek before collision = 328 J : Ek after collision = 14.4 J
iii. State whether the collision is Elastic or In-elastic with a reason(s) for your
, before and after the collision are different [2]
X Y
u = 5 ms-1 u = 5ms v1 v2
31. A Ball X 0.01 kg traveling due east at 5 ms-1 collides with another Ball Y of equal mass
traveling due west also 5 ms-1. If both balls on impact are sent in directions opposite to
their initial directions, with both their final velocities being 5 ms-1 respectively.
Calculate:-
i. The total momentum before and after the collision.[3]


px + pY = px + pY
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
0.01 kg × 5 ms-1 + 0.01 kg × – 5 ms-1 = 0.01 kg × – 5 ms-1 + 0.01 kg × 5 ms-1
0.05 kgms-1 + (– 0.05 kgms-1) = (0.05 kgms-1) + (– 0.05 kgms-1)
0 kgms-1 = 0 kgms-1
ii. The total Ek before collision and total Ek after the collision.[3]

Kinetic Energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision
½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2
½[0.01 kg × (5 ms-1)2] + ½[0.01 kg × (–5 ms-1)2] : ½[0.01 kg × (–5 ms-1)2] + ½[0.01 kg × (5 ms-1)2]
[0.125 kg ms-2] + [0.125 kg ms-2] : [0.125 kg ms-2] + [0.125 kg ms-2]

0.25 kg ms-2 : 0.25 kg ms-2
Ek before collision = 0.25 J : Ek after collision = 0.25 J
answer. The above collision is an elastic collision since the kinetic energy Ek ,
before and after the collision are equal(the same). [2]
Before Explosion
target mt = 4 kg
mb= 100 g (bullet) (at rest)
After Explosion
(moving) bullet + target

Rifle
32. A bullet of mass mb is fired from a gun into a stationary target of mass mt. The target is
mounted on low friction wheels and moves off at a velocity v, when the bullet enters it. If
the values are mb=100 g, mt = 4.0 kg and v = 5 ms-1.
i. Calculate the initial velocity ub, of the bullet before it strikes the target.[3]

Pb + pt = pb + pt
mbub + mtut = (mb + mt )v

0.1 kg × ub + 4 kg × 0 ms-1 = (0.1 kg + 4kg ) × 5 ms-1
(0.1 kg) ub + 0 kgms-1 = (20.5 kgms-1)
ub = 20.5 kgms-1
0.1 kg
ub = 205 ms-1
ii. Calculate the total Ek before the collision and the total Ek after the collision.[3]
Kinetic energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision
½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2
½ [0.1 kg × (205 ms-1)2] + ½ [4 kg × (0 ms-1)2] : ½ [0.1 kg × (5 ms-1)2] + ½ [4 kg × (5 ms-1)2]
[2,101.25 kg ms-2] + [0 kg ms-2] : [1.25 kg ms-2] + [50 kg ms-2]
2,101.25 kg ms-2 : 51.25 kg ms-2
Ek before collision = 2,101.25 J : Ek after collision = 51.25 J
, before and after the collision are different. [2]
m M
33. A Stationary mass explodes into TWO fragments of Mass M = 40 kg and mass m = 4 kg
respectively. If the larger of the two fragments has an initial Ek of 100 J. Find the initial
Ek of the small fragment. [3]

The Kinetic energy Before Explosion is zero since the complete object is at rest.
The Kinetic Energy After Explosion however is
Ek of m = Ek of M
Ek of m = 100 J
½ m1um2 = ½ M2uM2
½ is omitted from the equation since it occurs on both sides,
m1um2 = M2uM2
Transposing for um
um2 = MuM2
m
√ um2 = MuM2
m
um = MuM2
m
um = 100 kg ms-2 [since MuM2 = 100 kg ms-2]

4 kg
um = 5 ms-1
The smaller fragment had a initial velocity um , of 5 ms-1 and its +ve value
indicates that it move in the direction to the right.

X Y
uX uY v
34. A Trolley X moving with an initial velocity uX, of 10 ms-1 collides with a 16 kg Trolley Y
moving with an initial velocity uY, of 4 ms-1 both traveling in the same direction with a
combined mass of 23 kg.
i. Calculate the joint velocity v, of the trolleys X and Y on impact if they coalesce.
[3]


px + pY = px + pY
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2) v
(23 – 16) kg × 10 ms-1 + 16 kg × 4 ms-1 = (23 kg ) × v
7 kg × 10 ms-1 + 16 kg × 4 ms-1 = (23 kg ) × v
70 kgms-1 + 64 kgms-1 = (23 kgms-1) v
134 kgms-1 = v
23 kg
v = 5.83 ms-1
ii. Calculate the total Ek before the collision and the total Ek after the collision. [3]
iii. State whether the collision is Elastic or In-elastic with a reason(s) for your answer.[2]
MOMENTUM II
Instructions: With the use of illustrations to show each collision scenario, solve the following
questions below on momentum.
1. A 0.1 kg bullet traveling at 200 ms-1 embeds itself in a sand bag of mass 4.0 kg. What is
the speed of the sand bag after been hit? [2]


px + pY = px + pY
mbub + msus = (mb + ms )v
0.1 kg × 200 ms-1 + 4.0 kg × 0 ms-1 = (0.1 kg + 4.0 kg )v
20 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = (5.0.1 kg)v

20 kgms-1 = v
5.0 kg
v = 4 ms-1
2. An object A, with a mass of 16 kg is moving with a velocity of 7 ms – 1. It strikes a

stationary 14 kg object B, and the two stick together, moving off as one object in the
same direction. What is the mutual velocity of the two objects after the collision?
[2]

pA + pB = pA + pB
mAuA + mBuB = (mA + mB )v
16 kg × 7 ms-1 + 14 kg × 0 ms-1 = (16 kg + 14 kg )v
112 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = (30 kg)v
112 kgms-1 = v
30 kg
v = 3.73 ms-1
3. A trolley X, of mass 2 kg collides with a stationary trolley Y, of mass 1 kg and stick to it.
If they move off together with a velocity 4 ms-1. What was the initial velocity of the 2 kg
trolley X? [2]


pX + pY = pX + pY
mXuX + mYuY = (mX + mY )v
2 kg × uX + 1 kg × 0 ms-1 = (2 kg + 1kg ) × 4 ms-1
(2 kg) uX + 0 kgms-1 = (12 kgms-1)
uX = 12 kgms-1
2 kg
uX = 6.0 ms-1
4. A Trolley Q, of mass 3 kg is traveling with a speed of 2 ms-1 when it hits and links up
with a stationary trolley R, of mass 1 kg. They move off together. Calculate the speed at
which they move. [2]

pQ + pR = pQ + pR
mQuQ + mRuR = (mQ + mR )v
3 kg × 2 ms-1 + 1 kg × 0 ms-1 = (3 kg + 1 kg )v
6 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = (4 kg)v
6 kgms-1 = v
4 kg
v = 1.5 ms-1
5. A stationary 18 kg object C, is struck by a moving object D, of unknown mass that is

moving with a velocity of 34 ms-1. They stick together, moving off in the same general
direction with a mutual velocity of 17 ms-1. What is the magnitude of the unknown mass
D? [2]

pC + pD = pC + pD
mCuC + mDuD = mCvC + mDvD
18 kg × 0 ms-1 + mD × 34 ms-1 = 18 kg × 17 ms-1 + mD × 17 ms-1
0 kgms-1 + (mD × 34 ms-1) = (306 kgms-1) + (mD × 17 ms-1)
mD34 ms-1 = 306 kgms-1 + mD17 ms-1
mD34 ms-1 – mD17 ms-1 = 306 kgms-1

mD17 ms-1 = 306 kgms-1
mD = 306 kgms-1
17 ms-1
mD = 18 kg
6. A 17 kg object Y, moving with a velocity of 6 ms-1 is struck from behind by a moving 16

kg object Z. They stick together, moving off in the same direction with a mutual velocity
of 32 ms-1. What was the initial velocity of the 16 kg object Z before the collision?
[2]

PY + pZ = pY + pZ
mYuY + mZuZ = mYv + mZv

mYuY + mZuZ = (mY + mZ) v
17 kg × 6 ms-1 + 16 kg × uX = (17 kg + 16 kg ) × 32 ms-1
102 kg ms-1 + uZ 16 kg = 1056 kgms-1
uZ 16 kg = 1056 kgms-1 – 102 kg ms-1
uZ 16 kg = 954 kgms-1
uZ = 954 kgms-1
16 kg
uZ = 59.63 ms-1
7. A 35.0 g bullet moving at 475 ms-1 strikes a 2.5 kg wooden block. The bullet passes
through the block leaving at 275 ms-1. If the block was at rest when it was hit. How fast
would the block have been moving when the bullet exited it? [2]


pb + pw = pb + pw
mbub + mwuw = mbvb + mwvw
0.035kg × 475 ms-1 + 2.5 kg × 0 ms-1 = 0.035 kg × 275 ms-1 + 1.00 kg × vY
16.625 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = 9.625 kgms-1 + (2.5 kg)vw
16,625 kgms-1 = 9.625 kgms-1 + vw2.5 kg
16.625 kgms-1 – 9.625 kgms-1 = vw

2.5 kg
7000 kgms-1 = vw
2.5 kg
2.8 ms-1 = vw
Y Y
X X
u u
8. A 0.50 kg ball X traveling at 6.0 ms-1 collides head on with a 1.00 kg ball Y moving in
the opposite direction at a velocity of 12 ms-1. The 0.50 kg ball X moves away at 14 ms-1
after the collision. Find the velocity of the second ball Y. [2]


px + pY = px + pY
mXuX + mYuY = mXvX + mYvY
0.50 kg × 6 ms-1 + 1.00 kg × –12 ms-1 = 0.50 kg × – 14 ms-1 + 1.00 kg × vY
3.0 kgms-1 – 12.00 kgms-1 = –7 kgms-1 + (1.00 kg) vY
– 9 kgms-1 = –7 kgms-1 + vY 1.00 kg
– 9 kgms-1 + 7 kgms-1 = vY
1.00 kg
– 2 kgms-1 = vY
1.00 kg
– 2ms-1 = vY

Dynamics II Answers

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dynamics II Answers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mechanics II :Newton’s Laws of Motion

NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION AND MOMENTUM

7. Write the units in which momentum is measured. kg ms-1 [1]

Momentum = mass of object × velocity of object

∆mv = mv – mu. [1]

A Change of momentum = final momentum – initial momentum

15. Define Impulse and write its symbol. [1]

17. Write the formula for calculating Impulse. [1]

Impulse = Force × time

19. Using ONLY the symbols below:

F, a resultant or unbalanced force.

b) Determine the momentum possess by a tennis ball of mass 0.04 kg thrown

p = 1.0×10-2 kg × 200 ms-1

Using ∆mv = m(v – u )

∆mv = 0.1 kg ×( 0 – 20 ms-1) = – 2 kgms-1

b) Determine the momentum change experience by a bullet of mass 0.011kg if it has

Using ∆mv = m(v – u )

∆mv = 0.011 kg × (300 ms-1 – 0 ms-1) = 3.3 kgms-1

Using ∆mv = m(v – u )

∆mv = 0.3 kg ×(0 ms-1 – 166 ms-1)= – 49.8 kgms-1

d) Find the change of momentum experience by a jet weighing 20,000kg, when it

Using ∆mv = m(v – u )

∆mv = 20,000 kg ×(10,000 ms-1 – 0 ms-1) = 2.0 × 108 kgms-1

Using Impulsive F = mΔv

F = 0.0006 kg × 1.4 ms-1 = 8.4× 10- 4 kg ms-1 = 4.2 kg ms-2

F = 4.2 kg ms-2 or 4.2 N

Using Impulsive F = Δmv

F = – 1.26 kgms-1 = – 6.3 kg ms-2 or – 6.3 N

F = – 6.3 kg ms-2 or – 6.3 N

c) Determine the value of F on a trucks braking system, to stop it in 8 s. If the truck

Using Impulsive F = mΔv

F = 450,000 kg × – 82 ms-1 = – 4.6125× 106 kg ms-2

F = – 4.6125× 106 kg ms-2 or – 4.6125× 106 N

F = 7.0× 105 kg × 833.3 ms-2 = 5.8331×108 kg ms-2

25. State the Principle/Law of Conservation of Momentum. [1]

26. Differentiate between on Elastic collision and In-elastic collision. [2]

Total momentum before a collision = Total momentum after a collision

Before Collision After Collision

i. The velocity v, both Trolleys would move off at. [3]

Total momentum = Total momentum

Before collision. After collision.

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v

1 kg × 6 ms-1 + 2 kg × 0 ms-1 = (1 kg + 2 kg)v

6 kgms-1 + 0 kgms-1 = (3 kg)v

Kinetic energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision

½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2

½ [1 kg × (6 ms-1)2] + ½ [2 kg × (0 ms-1)2] : ½ [1 kg × (2 ms-1)2] + ½ [2 kg × (2 ms-1)2]

[18 kg ms-2] + [0 kg ms-2] : [4 kg ms-2] + [4 kg ms-2]

Ek before collision = 18 J : Ek after collision = 8 J

Total momentum = Total momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v + m2v

4 kg × 10 ms-1 + 16 kg × – 4 ms-1 = (4 kg + 16 kg)v

40 kgms-1 + (– 64 kgms-1) = (20 kg)v

Convention : + ve velocities are directed to the right

Kinetic Energy Before collision : Kinetic Energy After collision

½ m1(u1) 2 + ½ m2(u2) 2 : ½ m1v2 + ½ m2v2

[200 kg ms-2] + [128 kg ms-2] : [2.88 kg ms-2] + [11.52 kg ms-2]

328 kg ms-2 : 14.4 kg ms-2

Ek before collision = 328 J : Ek after collision = 14.4 J

Before Collision After Collision

i. The total momentum before and after the collision.[3]

Convention : + ve velocities are directed to the right

Total momentum = Total momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2