Solar Potential

‫‪Solar Energy‬‬

‫( ‪UNEP: United‬‬
‫گشارش سال ‪ ۲۰۰۹‬بزوامۀ محیط سیست ساسمان ملل متحد‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪: )Nation Environmental Program‬‬
‫تىها ‪ ۲%‬اس ظزفیت عملی تًلید بزق خًرشیدی در بیابان های سزاسز جهان‬
‫بزای تأمیه اوزصی تمامی کشًرهای جهان کافی است‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬سزمایه گذاری جهاوی بزای‬

‫تحقیق ي تًسعه در سمیىۀ‬
‫اوزصی های تجدید پذیز بز‬
‫حسب وًع در سال ‪۲۰۰۹‬‬
‫] ‪[ Bloomberg New Energy Finance databases‬‬
Solar Energy Applications
Flat Collectors Solar Hot Water

Solar Thermal Heating

Concentrated
Solar System Water
Solar Energy Purifications

Photovoltaic Multi Junction

Single Crystal

Multicrystaline

Amorphous Si
Solar Hot Water
Solar Concentrated Systems
Solar-Stirling
Photovoltaic
Definition
A material or device that is capable of converting the energy
contained in photons of light into an electrical voltage and current is
said to be photovoltaic.

History
The history of photovoltaic (PV)
began in 1839 when a 19-year-old
French physicist, Edmund
Becquerel, was able to cause a
voltage to appear when he
illuminated a metal electrode in
weak electrolyte solution
(Becquerel, 1839).
Photovoltaic
Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

reaching a total installed capacity of 7.8 GW by the end of 2007

there are over 800 installations worldwide with capacity greater than 200 kW and at
least 9 plants of over 10 MW
Off Grid Applications
Offgrid Electrification

The World Bank’s experience with PV systems has been mainly with electrification
of communities in areas far from the main grid, the so-called “offgrid” areas.
PV module manufacturing costs

PV module manufacturing costs for DOE/US Industry Partners. Historical

data through 2002, projections thereafter
Basic of photovoltaic

When photons create hole–electron pairs near the junction, the electric field in
the depletion region sweeps holes into the p-side and sweeps electrons into
the n-side of the cell.
EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

The complex physics of the PV cell can be represented by the equivalent

electrical circuit shown

pn junction depth, impurities, and

contact resistance
Power Curve
Cell, Module and Array
Solar Panel System Design

The major factors influencing the electrical design of the

solar array are as follows:

 The sun intensity

 The sun angle
 The load matching for maximum power
 The operating temperature
Effect of Sun Intensity
Effect of Sun Intensity
the conversion efficiency is the same on a bright sunny day as on a cloudy day.

We get a lower power output on a cloudy day only because of the lower solar energy
impinging on the cell.
Effect of Temperature

ISC

VOC
Effect of Temperature
a cold day is actually better for the PV cell, as it generates more power

for every degree centigrade rise in the operating temperature above the reference
temperature, the silicon cell power output decreases by about 0.5%.
Solar Cooler
Solar Cooler/Heater hybrid system
Solar Hydrogen System
THANK YOU