HEAT TRANSFER 312

ECONOMIZER
AND CONDENSER
Group 3 | BAUTISTA, CRUZ, GARCIA, GUEVARRA, MANANSALA, MANIAUL, MIJARES, NUQUI,
PASION, PUNZALAN, TORRES, VENTURA
HTRN 312

Economizer
definition, mechanism and types

MIJARES, Archemedes Petesrow

Economizer
definition

-a device designed to make a machine or system

more energy-efficient.

-are mechanical devices intended to reduce

energy consumption, or to perform useful function
such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is
used for other purposes as well. Boiler, power plant,
heating, refrigeration, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC).
Economizer
types

Economizers are heat

exchangers that transfer the
heat in the flue gas to
another medium‚ generally
the boiler feed-water‚
although other streams are
sometimes used such as
make-up water. There are 2
types of economizers: non-
condensing & condensing.
NON-CONDENSING ECONOMIZERS
They are heat exchanger coils‚
usually finned‚ that are located in the
flue gas ducting at the exit of the
boiler. Typically, a non-condensing
economizer will raise the overall
efficiency by 2% to 4%. They are
designed and operate to maintain
the flue gas temperature above the
flue gas condensing temperature to
prevent corrosion of the flue gas
ducting.
CONDENSING ECONOMIZERS
Condensing economizers are
designed to accommodate the
corrosive fluids generated when
condensing the moisture out of the
flue gas.They capture much more
heat and therefore can raise the
overall boiler efficiency by 10% to
15%. For condensing economizers to
be the most effective‚ low
temperature heat sinks are required
to bring the flue gas temperature
well below the flue gas condensing
temperature.
NON-CONDENSING ECONOMIZERS CONDENSING ECONOMIZERS
HTRN 312

Economizer
history and timeline

BAUTISTA, Rachelle Ann

CRUZ, Julius Andrew
Economizer
timeline

1816 1845 modern day or present times

Sterling Powerplant, HVAC,

Boilers
Engine and Refrigeration
 An economizer is a
system of controls and
dampers used to
reduce energy cost by
using outdoor air for
"free cooling" whenever
possible. Economizers
have been around for
200 years.
Economizer
timeline

1816

Sterling
Engine
Sterling Engine
history

Robert Stirling's innovative contribution

to the design of hot air engines of 1816
was what he called the 'Economiser'.
Now known as the regenerator, it stored
heat from the hot portion of the engine
as the air passed to the cold side, and
released heat to the cooled air as it
returned to the hot side. This innovation
improved the efficiency of Stirling
engine enough to make it commercially
successful in particular applications,
and has since been a component of
every air engine that is called a Stirling
engine.
 Economizer
timeline

1816

Sterling
Engine
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
coined the term,
'Economiser'.
 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845

Sterling
Boilers
Engine
-In 1816, Robert Sterling -In 1816, Robert Sterling
coined the term, coined the term,
'Economiser'. 'Economiser'.
Boilers
history

The first successful economizer

design was used to increase
the steam-raising efficiency of
the boilers of stationary steam
engines. It was patented by
Edward Green in 1845, and since
then has been known as
Green's economiser. It
consisted of an array of vertical
cast iron tubes connected to a
tank of water above and below,
between which the boiler's
exhaust gases passed.
One of two original 1940s 'Green's Economisers' inside the Killafaddy Board Mills
boiler house on the outskirts of Launceston
 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845

Sterling
Boilers
Engine
The first successful
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
economizer design was
coined the term,
patented by Edward
'Economiser'.
Green in 1845.
 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845 modern day or present times

Sterling Powerplant, HVAC,

Boilers
Engine and Refrigeration
The first successful
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
economizer design was
coined the term,
patented by Edward
'Economiser'.
Green in 1845.
Powerplant
history

Modern-day boilers, such as those in

coal-fired power stations, are still fitted
with economizers which are descendants
of Green's original design.

Economizers are commonly used as part

of a heat recovery steam generator
(HRSG) in a combined cycle power plant.
In an HRSG, water passes through an
economizer, then a boiler and then a
superheater. The economizer also
prevents flooding of the boiler with liquid
water that is too cold to be boiled given
the flow rates and design of the boiler. Boiler economizer with fin tubes
 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845 modern day or present times

Sterling Powerplant, HVAC,

Boilers
Engine and Refrigeration
The first successful Powerplant. Economizers are often referred
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
economizer design was to as feedwater heaters and heat the
coined the term,
patented by Edward condensate from turbines before it is
'Economiser'.
Green in 1845. pumped to the boilers.
HVAC
history

A building's HVAC (heating, ventilating,

and air conditioning) system can make
use of an air-side economizer to save
energy in buildings by using cool outside
air as a means of cooling the indoor
space.

When the outside air's dry- and wet-bulb

temperatures are low enough, a water-
side economizer can use water cooled by
a wet cooling tower or a dry cooler (also
called a fluid cooler) to cool buildings
without operating a chiller.
Commercial building economizer on rooftop
 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845 modern day or present times

Sterling Powerplant, HVAC,

Boilers
Engine and Refrigeration
The first successful Powerplant. Economizers are often referred
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
economizer design was to as feedwater heaters and heat the
coined the term,
patented by Edward condensate from turbines before it is
'Economiser'.
Green in 1845. pumped to the boilers.
HVAC. Good controls, and valves or
dampers, as well as maintenance, are
needed to ensure proper operation of the
air- and water-side economizers.
Refrigeration
history

A common form of refrigeration

economizer is a "walk-in cooler
economizer" or "outside air refrigeration
system". In such a system outside air that
is cooler than the air inside a refrigerated
space is brought into that space and the
same amount of warmer inside air is
ducted outside. The resulting cooling
supplements or replaces the operation of
a compressor-based refrigeration
system.

Commercial building economizer on rooftop

 Economizer
timeline

1816 1845 modern day or present times

Sterling Powerplant, HVAC,

Boilers
Engine and Refrigeration
The first successful Powerplant. Economizers are often referred
-In 1816, Robert Sterling
economizer design was to as feedwater heaters and heat the
coined the term,
patented by Edward condensate from turbines before it is
'Economiser'.
Green in 1845. pumped to the boilers.
HVAC. Good controls, and valves or
dampers, as well as maintenance, are
needed to ensure proper operation of the
air- and water-side economizers.

REFRIGERATION. Good controls, and valves

or dampers, as well as maintenance, are
needed to ensure proper operation of the
air- and water-side economizers.
HTRN 312

Economizer
application

GARCIA, Austiin Nuel

MANIAUL, Joshua
Economizer
application

include the preheating of boiler feed

water, waste heat recovery, and
cogeneration. Economizers are also used
in waste heat boilers and other heating
and cooling equipment. By definition,
waste heat is heat produced by
machines and industrial processes for
which there is no useful application.
Typically, economizers are used with
waste heat boilers that feature shell or
water tube designs. Such waste heat
equipment may use gases from diesel
exhaust, furnaces, gas turbines, and
incinerators.
Thermal Powerplants
application
Breweries and Wineries
application
Chem. & Pharmaceutical Plants
application

Pfizer pharmaceutical plants

Textile Plants
application
District Heating Plants
application
HTRN 312

Economizer
importance and advantages

GUEVARRA, Charles Edrian

PASION, Niccolo
Economizer
importance and advantages

It recovers more heat of flue gases which normal air pre-heater cannot
do.
Due increase in fuel prices, all power plants are facing pressure for
increasing boiler efficiency. So by using economizer, this pressure can be
minimized.
Power plants where it is not used, a large quantity of water is required to
cool the flue gas before desulphurization which is minimized by using
economizers.
The efficiency of the power plant reduced when steam air pre-heater
required steam.
Non-condensing economizers
importance and advantages

They are heat exchanger coils‚ usually finned‚ that are located in the flue
gas ducting at the exit of the boiler. They are designed and operate to
maintain the flue gas temperature above the flue gas condensing
temperature to prevent corrosion of the flue gas ducting.

effect of corrosion
Condensing economizers
importance and advantages

They collect flue gas and cool it to the appropriate temperature, allowing
the economizer to reclaim sensible heat (in the form of flue gas) and latent
heat (in the form of flue gas water vapor).

flue gas
HTRN 312

Condenser
definition, mechanism and types

VENTURA, Gerald
Condenser
definition

Condenser is a heat exchanger used to

condense a gaseous substance into a liquid
state through cooling.

Condenser is an important component of any

refrigeration system. In a typical refrigerant
condenser, the refrigerant enters the condenser
in a superheated state.
Condenser
mechanism

Desuperheating

Subcooling

Condensing
Condenser
types

Air-cooled Evaporative Water-cooled

HTRN 312

Condenser
history and timeline

PUNZALAN, Harris
Condenser
timeline and history

1771 middle 19th century

Gegenstromkühler Liebig condenser

The earliest laboratory German chemist Justus von Liebig would provide his own improvements on
condenser, counter-flow the preceding designs of Weigel and Johann Friedrich August Göttling, with
condenser was invented the device becoming known as the Liebig condenser.
by the Swedish-German
chemist Christian Weigel.
HTRN 312

Condenser
application

Nuqui, Nico
Condenser
application

Condensers are used in different sectors,

those are:
Thermal power stations

Caustic recovery plants

Treatment of contaminants
Thermal power stations
application

In thermal power stations, water is heated

more than its boiling point in order to
generate steam which in turn is used to
rotate the turbine. After passing through
the turbine the steam is fed into a surface
condenser where it is converted into
water and then reused.

Highveld Thermal Power Stations

Caustic recovery plants
application

In a caustic recovery plant, weak soda lye

is converted to strong caustic soda by
treating it. This treatment involves the
emission of heat in the form of steam. This
is where a surface condenser is used to
convert the steam into condensate (weak
lye) which is to be reused.
Treatment of contaminants
application

Contaminated water is a general problem

for any industry these days. Condenser
alone cannot fulfil the requirement hence
Ejectors using surface condensers are
used for treatment.
HTRN 312

Condenser
importance and advantages

MANANSALA, Rolen
TORRES, Mikay
Condenser
importance

Condenser gives the vacuum needed for

steam to exit spontaneously from the turbine.
Without vacuum, the steam will find it difficult
to get out of the turbine.

The condenser helps to recover the high

quality working fluid (pure water). Without
condenser, we would be loosing pure water as
steam exiting the turbine into the
environment. Actually, purifying water is a
tedious and energy intensive process. We
cannot afford to purify water throughout, to
compensate for exhaust steam. Thus we
prefer to have pure water locked in the cycle
and recover it from steam for each and every
cycle at the expense of latent heat.
Condenser
advantages

It increases the expansion ratio of steam, and

hence increase the efficiency of the plant.
It reduces the backpressure of the steam, and
thus more work can be obtained.
It reduces the temperature of the exhaust
steam, and its increasing work efficiency.
The reuse of condensate as feed water for the
boilers reduces the cost of power generation.