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Group Members
Name Registration
1) Adnan Asghar Elen-18111042
2) Hamas Ullah Elen-18111025
3) Muhammad Zeeshan Elen-18111035
4) Zain-ur-Rehman Elen-18111044

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 Steam Turbine Power Plant
Steam
Steam Turbine
History Of Steam Turbine
Working Principle Of Steam Turbine
Types Of Steam Turbine
 Efficiency Of steam Turbine Power Plant
Terms
I. Boiler
II. Condenser
III.Super heater
IV. Economizer
 Steam

Steam is water in the gas phase which is commonly formed by boiling

or evaporation water.

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 Steam Turbine

Steam Turbine is a device that extracts Thermal energy from

pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.Its modern manifestation was invented by Charles
Parsons in 1884.

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 History of Steam Turbine

The first Steam turbine was invented by Greek mathematition Hero of

Alexandria about 120 BC.
 The modern steam turbine was invented in 1884 by Charles Parons.
First model was connected ta a dynamo that generated 7.5 kilowatts
(10.1 hp) of electricity.

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 The Cycle of Steam Turbine Power plant
Working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle
First, the water is filled into the boiler
In the boiler water is heated and turned into steam
Steam goes with pressure and temperature are directed
to do work on the turbine to produce mechanical power
then mechanical power converted Into electrical power by
Electric generator.
The former steam out of the turbine flowed into
Condenser turned into water.
 Condensate water is then used again as boiler feed water. Thus the cycle goes on
and repeats. 7
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 A steam power plant works on Modified
Rankine Cycle
Process 1 (Isoentropic compression process-in compressor):
• The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure.As the fluid is
liquid at this stage, the pump requires little input energy.
Process 2 (Isobaric heat addition process-in boiler):
•The high-pressure liquid enters a boiler, where it is heated at
constant pressure by an external heat heat source to become
a dry saturated vapour.
Process 3 (Isoentropic expansion process-in turbine):
•The dry saturated vapour expands through a turbine,
generating power This decreases the temperature and
pressure of vapour and some condensation may occur.
Process 4 (Isobaric heat rejection process-in condenser):
•The wet vapour then enters a condenser, where it is condensed at a constant pressure to
become a saturated liquid. 8
 Working Principle of Steam Turbine
 Working principle of steam turbine depends
on the dynamic action of steam.
 A high velocity steam is coming from the
nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades.
 This high velocity steam produces dynamic
pressure on the blades in which blades and
shaft both start to rotate in the same direction.
 In a steam turbine pressure energy of steam
extracts and then It converted into Kinetic
energy. The conversion of Kinetic energy
does Mechanical work to rotate the blades
and rotor is connected to a steam turbine
generator which convert the Mechanical
energy into Electrical energy.
 Since the construction of steam turbine is
simple, its vibration is less than the other 9
engine for same rotating.
 Types Of Steam Turbine

 Impulse Turbine:
When the steam strikes the
moving blades through nozzles
called Impulse Turbine.

 Reaction Steam Turbine:

When the steam strikes the
moving blades under pressure
is called Reaction Steam
Turbine.
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 According to the Direction Steam Flow
Axial Flow Steam Turbine:
• When the flow of steam inside the casing is parallel to the rotor shaft
axis then it is called Axial Flow Steam Turbine.

Radial Flow Steam Turbine:

• When the flow of steam inside the casing is radial to the rotor shaft axis
is called Radial Flow Steam Turbine.

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 According to Pressure of Steam
High pressure Steam Turbine:
• When the High pressure steam is supplied into the turbine is called high
pressure turbine.
Medium Pressure steam Turbine:
• When the medium pressure steam is supplied into the turbine is called
medium pressure turbine.
Low Pressure Steam Turbine:
• When the low pressure steam is supplied into the turbine is called low
pressure turbine.

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 Efficiency Of Steam Turbine

The efficiency of conventional steam electric power plant is defined

as energy produced by the plant divided by heating value of fuel
consumed by it.

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 Boiler

 A boiler is a closed vessel in

which water under pressure
is converted in steam.
 It is one of the major
components of a thermal
power plant .
 Always designed to absorb
maximum amount of heat
released in the process of
combustion.
 Types of Boiler
Water tubes boiler
 Water flow in the inside of the Fire tubes boiler
tubes and hot gases from  Hot gases of combustion flow
combustion flow around the through a series of tubes
outside of the tubes surrounded by water.

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 Condenser

 Steam after rotating the turbine

comes to condenser refers here to
the shell and tube heat
exchanger, installed at the outlet
of every steam turbine in thermal
power station.
 These condenser are heat
exchanger which converts steam
from its gaseous to its liquid
state, also known as phase
transition.

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 Super Heater
A super heater is a device use to
convert saturated steam or wet
steam into super heated stem or
dry steam. Super heated steam is
used in steam turbines for
electricity generation.

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 Economizer

• In a boiler system an economizer

captures the heat of the flue gas
and transfers it to the feed water.
As the flue gas exist the boiler, It
enters and economizer with
finned tubes. The finned tubes
absorbs the heat and raise the
temperature of the boiler feed
water,lowering the needed
energy input.

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 Over through
 Coal
 Furnace
 Boiler
 Steam turbine
 Steam turbine generator
 Super heater
 Economizer
 condenser

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