Heating,

Ventilating and
Air Conditioning
Systems
BY AURELIO R LACUNA
 Topic
Discuss factors influencing building thermal comfort.
heating sources and equipment.
Describe cooling sources and equipment.
Identify guestroom HVAC concerns.
Relate to other HVAC components.
Factors Influencing
Building Thermal Comfort.
The main factors that influence thermal
comfort are those that determine heat gain
and loss.
Namely the following 
1. Metabolic rate
Personal factors
2. Clothing insulation

3. Air temperature
4. Mean radiant temperature Environmental factors
5. Air speed
6. Relative humidity
 Types of Heating
sources and equipment.
1. Furnaces
2. Boilers
Heat pumps
ground-source heat pump
3. Pumps
4. Direct Heat
5. State of the Art Heating

Boilers
 Types of Heating sources and equipment.

1. Furnaces -  works by blowing heated air through ducts that

deliver the warm air to rooms throughout the house via air
registers or grills
2. Boilers - Boilers are special-purpose water heaters it gives up
heat as it passes through radiators or other devices in rooms
throughout the house
3. Heat Pumps - Heat pumps are just two-way air conditioners. During
the summer, an air conditioner works by moving heat from the
relatively cool indoors to the relatively warm outside.
 Types of Heating sources and equipment: Direct Heat
A. Gas-Fired Space Heaters- in some areas, gas-fired direct heating equipment is popular. This includes
wall-mounted, free-standing, and floor furnaces, all characterized by their lack of ductwork and relatively
small heat output.
B. Unvented Gas-Fired Heaters: (A Bad Idea) -  Known as “vent-free” gas heating appliances.
“Gas or kerosene space heaters that do not have an exhaust vent have been sold for decades, but we strongly
discourage their use for health and safety reasons.”
C. Electric Space Heaters - Portable (plug-in) electric heaters are inexpensive to buy, but costly to use.
These resistive heaters include “oil-filled” and “quartz-infrared” heaters. They convert electric current
from the wall socket directly into heat, like a toaster or clothes iron.
D. Wood-Burning and Pellet Stoves- Wood heating can make a great deal of sense in rural areas if you
enjoy stacking wood and stoking the stove or furnace. Wood prices are generally lower than gas, oil, or
electricity. 
E. Fireplaces - Gas (and most wood) fireplaces are basically part of a room’s décor, providing a warm glow
(and a way to dispose of secret documents), but typically not an effective heat source.
Types of Cooling sources and
Equipment.
Cooling towers
Chiller
Ventilation
Refrigerator
Freezers
Cooling towers
Cooling towers- A cooling tower is a heat
removal device that uses water to transfer
process waste heat into the atmosphere.
All cooling towers operate on the principle of
removing heat from water by evaporating a
small portion of water that is recirculated
through the unit.
A cooling tower is used to cool water and is a
huge heat exchanger, expelling building heat
into the atmosphere and returning colder water
to the chiller.
Chiller
Chiller – “A chiller is a machine that removes
heat from a liquid coolant via a vapor-
compression, adsorption refrigeration,
or absorption refrigeration cycles. This liquid
can then be circulated through a heat
exchanger to cool equipment, or another
process stream (such as air or process water).
As a necessary by-product, refrigeration
creates waste heat that must be exhausted to
ambience, or for greater efficiency, recovered
for heating purposes.” -Wikipedia
Chiller Refrigerator
Chiller Refrigerator - A household appliance used for
keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).
A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid
coolant via a vapor-compression, adsorption
refrigeration, or absorption refrigeration cycles
Ventilation
Ventilation -  Ventilation is the process by
which 'clean' air (normally outdoor air) is
intentionally provided to a space and stale
air is removed.
This is the uncontrolled flow of air into a
space through adventitious or unintentional
gaps and cracks in the building envelope.
Refrigerator
Refrigerator - An appliance or
compartment which is artificially kept cool
and used to store food and drink.
Modern refrigerators generally make use of
the cooling effect produced when a volatile
liquid is forced to evaporate in a sealed
system in which it can be condensed back
to liquid outside the refrigerator.
Freezers

Freezer - a refrigerated
compartment, cabinet, or room
for preserving food at very low
temperatures.
Hot sanitary water
A hotel definitely needs cooling to
create that comfort every guest is
looking for.  But it also needs hot
sanitary water. Total heat recovery is a
great feature a chiller can offer to
drastically reduce energy
consumptions deriving from hot
sanitary water production.
Low noise
Low noise is crucial when designing an HVAC
system for a hotel. To ensure guests have
the best possible experience. For this
reason, the lower is the noise produced by
the HVAC system, the better for the
occupants. In this case, it might be useful to
have the possibility to further reduce the
default noise threshold by setting time
bands.
Water flow variation

To make the HVAC system more

efficient, it is important to make sure
it can vary the water flow depending
on the actual load demand of
building, making pumps more
efficient.
Monitoring units’
operations
Monitoring units’ performance, then, is
important to reduce costs and making the
whole HVAC system energy efficient. Not only
it allows to implement efficiency strategies
based on the observation of real data, but in
some cases, it allows to have access to tax
incentives. For this purpose, Daikin has
recently introduced for its TZ range, the
monitoring option. This option allows to
constantly monitor units’ performance in
terms of energy consumptions and collect
useful data.
Building load
variation
Hotels’ load typically vary depending on
the season or in case of particular events.
That has a significant impact on the
energy efficiency of the building. So, it is
important that the variation in load
demand of the building is taken into
account.
In this case, for a more efficient HVAC
system, it might be useful to split the load
across multiple units of different sizes and
control them as they were a big single
unit.
HVAC Training Basics for New Techs: Video
There is no END
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