3150504-Instrumentation & Process Control: Laboratory Manual

3150504–Instrumentation & Process
Control
Laboratory Manual
Chemical Engineering Department

Vishwakarma Government Engineering College
Chandkheda
List of Experiments
Experiment List of Experiments Mapped Page
Nos. COs No.
-- Introduction to Instrumentation & Process Control, Briefing --
about list of experiments with objectives, Assessment policy
for experiments
1 to understand how to determine the response of step, 2,5 01
impulse & sinusoidal input for Mercury in glass -
thermometer.
2 to understand how to determine the step response of first 2 04
order liquid level system.
3 to determine the step response of liquid level in two tank 2 07
non-interacting system.
4 to determine the impulse response of liquid level in two tank 2 10
non-interacting system.
5 to determine the step response of liquid level in two tank 2 13
interacting system.
6 to determine the impulse response of liquid level in two tank 2 16
interacting system.
7 to study the response of u-tube manometer and to find the 2,5 19
value of time lag and damping coefficient for the system.
8 to establish the response curve for first order mixing process 2 21
to step input and to determine time constant practically and
theoretically.
9 to study the graph for proportional controller and to study 3,4 23
the control for a step input on a simulated system.
10 to study the graph for proportional integral controller and to 3,4 25
study the control for a step input on a simulated system.
11 to study the graph for proportional derivative controller and 3,4 27
to study the control for a step input on a simulated system.
12 to measure the change in the level of liquid in a simple tank 5 29
using air purge method.
IIT Bombay vlab
Nodal Center No. 69
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College,
Chandkheda
1. P Control (http://ml-iitb.vlabs.ac.in/exp4/index.html)
2. Frequency response (http://ml-
iitb.vlabs.ac.in/exp5/index.html)
3. PD Control (http://ml-
4. PID Control (http://ml-
3150504 – Instrumentation & Process Control
VGEC, Chandkheda
Experiment No: Date:
MERCURY IN GLASS-THERMOMETER
Objective:After this experiment student will able to understand how to determine the response
of step, impulse & sinusoidal input for Mercury in glass - thermometer.
Apparatus:Glass beaker, Heating mantle, Magnetic stirrer, Thermometer, Stand
Utility: Water, Electric Supply.
Theory:
 Assumptions
 Derive transfer function for mercury in glass thermometer
 Derive equation for response of unit step change, Impulse & Sinusoidal.
Procedure:
1. Take 100 ml of water in a glass beaker and heat it up to 80 oC temperature.
2. Now insert thermometer in water and get the steady state temperature.
3. Take the thermometer out of the beaker and immediately and immerse in
room temperature water and start the stopwatch.
4. Note down the temp per each 5 sec time.
5. Repeat the same experiment for step change positive.
6. Do necessary calculations and determine time constant.
Obsrvations:
For Step Change Positive

Initial steady state temp of thermometer ys =
Final steady state temp of thermometer ys’ =
Magnitude of step change A = ys’ - ys
For Step Change Nagative

Initial steady state temp of thermometer ys =
Final steady state temp of thermometer ys’ =
Magnitude of step change A = ys’ - ys
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Observation Table (Step change positive)
Sr.
TIME (SEC) TEMP. 0C y(t) Y(t)= y(t) - ys Y(t)/A
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Observation Table (Step change nagative)
Sr.
TIME (SEC) TEMP. 0C y(t) Y(t)= y(t) - ys Y(t)/A
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Graph:
1. Y(t)/A v/s time for Step change negative & positive

2. Y(t) experimental vs Y(t) Predicted
3. Y(t) vs time for impulse response
4. Y(t) vs time for sinusoidal response
Calculation: Predicted value of step response
( ) ( )
Where,
A = magnitude of step change
τ= time constant
Result: Experimental value of time constant,(from graph)  :
Conclusion:
Quiz:
1. What is First Order System?
2. Define: Transfer function.
3. What is study state behavior of first order system?
4. What is important characteristics of step response of first order system?
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LIQUID LEVEL SYSTEM
Objective:After this experiment student will able to understand how to determine the step
response of first order liquid level system.
Apparatus: Liquid level system apparatus, rubber tubes, pinchcock
Theory: Derive the transfer function for the first order liquid level system.
Experiment Setup
Procedure:
 Start up the set up.
 A flexible pipe is provided at the rotameter outlet. Insert the pipe in to the cover of the
top Tank 1. Keep the outlet valves (R1 & R2) of the Tank 1 & Tank 2 slightly closed.
 Switch on the pump. Adjust rotameter flow rates in steps of 10 LPH from 50 to 100 LPH
and note steady state levels for Tank 1 against each flow rate.
 From the data obtained select a suitable band for experimentation. (Say 90-100 LPH in
which we are getting more readings of tank level).
 Adjust the flow rate at lower value of the band selected (say 90 LPH) and allow the level
of the Tank 1 to reach the steady state and record the flow and level at steady state.
 Apply the step change by increasing the rotameter flow by @ 10 LPH.
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 Immediately start recording the level of the Tank 1 at the interval of 15 sec, until the level
reaches at steady state.
 Carry out the calculations as mentioned in calculation part and compare the predicted and
observed values of the tank level.
 Repeat the experiment by throttling outlet valve (R1) to change resistance.
Observation:
 Diameter of tank mm: ID 92 mm

 Initial flow rate (LPH):
 Initial steady state tank level (mm):
 Final flow rate (LPH):
 Final steady state tank level (mm):
Observation table:
Sr. TIME, t (sec) HEIGHT Observed H(t)= Predicted

No. h(t), cm h(t)-h(s), cm H(t), cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Calculation: Calculate predicted value of response
( ) ( )
Graph:
1. H(t)/A v/s time for Step change,

2. H(t) perimental & H(t) Predicted vs time
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Result:
1. Theoretical value of time constant :
2. Practical value of time constant (from graph):
Conclusion:
Quiz:
1. What is Linear resistance in liquid level system?

2. What is time constant for liquid level system?
3. How to apply step change in liquid level system?
4. What is resistance in liquid level system?
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TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL NON-INTERACTING SYSTEM (Step Response)
response of liquid level in two tank non-interacting system.
Apparatus:Non-interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.
Theory:
Define non-interacting system
Derive transfer function for non-interacting system.
Derive expression for the step input.
Procedure:

top Tank 1. Keep the outlet valves (R1 & R2) of both Tank 1 & Tank 2 slightly closed.
Ensure that the valve (R3) between Tank 2 and Tank 3 is fully closed.
 Switch on the pump and adjust the flow to @90 LPH. Allow the level of both the tanks
(Tank 1 & tank 2) to reach at steady state and record the initial flow and steady state
levels of both tanks.
 Apply the step change with increasing the rotameter flow by @ 10 LPH.
 Record the level of Tank 2 at the interval of 30 sec, until the level reaches at steady state.
 Record final flow and steady state level of Tank1
Observations:
 Diameter of tanks: ID 92mm

 Initial steady state level of Tank 1 (mm):
 Initial steady state level of Tank 2 (mm):
 Final flow rate (LPH):
 Final steady state level of Tank 1 (mm):
 Final steady state level of Tank 2 (mm):
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Observation Table:
Tank Tank Observed

Sr. H1 (t) = Predicted
Time (sec) Height, h1 Height, h2 H2 (t) =
No. h1 – hsi1 H2(t)
(cm) (cm) h2 – hsi2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Calculation:
Predicted value ( ) [ [ ]]
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
Where,
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
τ1 = time constant of tank 1
τ2= time constant of tank 2
A1= cross section area of tank 1
R1 = dH1/dQ and R2 = dH2/dQ
Graph:
1. Transient response of single tank,

2. Predicted H2(t) & Observed H2(t) vs time (t)
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Result:
Predicted H2 (t) vs Experimental H2 (t)
Conclusion:
Quiz:
1. Why Response of Noninteracting tanks always result in an overdamped or critically

damped second-order system and never in an underdamped system?
2. Explain meaning of non-interacting tanks in series.
3. Draw three non interacting tanks in series.
4. If we increase no. on tanks in series, what effect we could see on response? Explain with
graphical representation.
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TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL NON-INTERACTING SYSTEM (Impulse Response)
Objective:After this experiment student will able to understand how to determine the impulse
response of liquid level in two tank non-interacting system.
Apparatus:Non-interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.
Theory:
Define non-interacting system
Derive transfer function for non-interacting system.
Procedure:
top tank (T1). Keep the outlet valves (R1 & R2) of both Tank1 & Tank2 slightly closed.
Ensure that the valve (R3) between two bottom tanks T2 and T3 is fully closed.
 Switch on the pump and adjust the flow to @90 LPH. Allow the level of both Tank1 and
Tank 2, to reach the steady state and record the initial flow and steady state levels of both
tanks.
 Apply impulse input by adding 0.5 lit of water in Tank 1.
 Record the level of the Tank 2 at the interval of 30 sec, until the level reaches to steady
state.
 Record final steady state level of Tank1
Observations:
 Diameter of tanks: ID 92mm
 Initial steady state tank 1 level (mm):
 Initial steady state tank 2 level (mm):
 Volume added (lit.):
 Final steady state tank 1 level (mm):
 Final steady state tank 2 level (mm):
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Observation Table:
Tank Tank Observed

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Calculation:
Predicted value ( ) [ ]
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
Where,
V = Volume of liquid added as impulse input
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
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Graph:

Result:
Conclusion:
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TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL INTERACTING SYSTEM (Step Response)
response of liquid level in two tank interacting system.
Apparatus:Interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.
Theory:
Define interacting system
Derive transfer function for interacting system.
Procedure:
Tank 3. Keep the outlet valve (R2) of Tank 2 slightly closed. Ensure that the valve (R3)
between Tank 2 and Tank 3 is also slightly closed.
 Switch on the pump and adjust the flow to @90 LPH. Allow the level of both Tank 2 and
Tank 3, to reach the steady state and record the initial flow and steady state levels of both
tanks.
 Apply the step change with increasing the rotameter flow by @ 10 LPH.
 Record the level of the Tank 2 at the interval of 30 sec, until the level reaches at steady
state.
 Record final steady state flow and level of Tank 3
Observations:
1. Cross sectional area of the bottle-1, A1 =
2. Cross sectional area of the bottle-2 A2 =
3. Initial steady state height in bottle-1, hsi1=
4. Final steady state height in bottle-1, hsf1=
5. Change in height in bottle-1, hsf1 – hsi1 =
6. Initial steady state height in bottle-2 hsi2=
7. Final steady state height in bottle-2 hsf2=
8. Change in height in bottle-2, hsi2 – hif2 =
9. Initial steady state flow rate, qs1=
10. Final steady state flow rate, qs2=
11. Change in flow rate qs2 – qs1=
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Observation Table:
Tank Tank Observed

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Calculation:
Predicted value ( ) [ ]
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
( ) √[( ) ( )]
( ) √[( ) ( )]
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Where
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
Graph:

Result:
Conclusion:
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TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL INTERACTING SYSTEM (Impulse Response)
Objective:After this experiment student will able to understand how to determine the impulse
response of liquid level in two tank interacting system.
Apparatus:Interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.
Theory:
Define interacting system
Derive transfer function for interacting system.
Procedure:

 A flexible pipe is provided at the rotameter outlet. Insert the pipe in to the coverof Tank
3. Keep the outlet valve (R2) of Tank 2 slightly closed. Ensure that thevalve (R3)
between both Tank 2 and Tank 3 is slightly closed
 Switch on the pump and adjust the flow to @90 LPH. Allow the level of both thetanks to
reach at steady state and record the initial flow and steady state levels.
 Apply impulse input by adding 0.5 lit of water in Tank 3.
 Record the level of the Tank 2 at the interval of 30 sec, until the level reaches tosteady
state.
 Record final steady state level of Tank3.
 Carry out the calculations as mentioned in calculation part and compare thepredicted and
Observations:
12. Cross sectional area of the bottle-1, A1 =
13. Cross sectional area of the bottle-2 A2 =
14. Initial steady state height in bottle-1, hsi1=
15. Final steady state height in bottle-1, hsf1=
16. Change in height in bottle-1, hsf1 – hsi1 =
17. Initial steady state height in bottle-2 hsi2=
18. Final steady state height in bottle-2 hsf2=
19. Change in height in bottle-2, hsi2 – hif2 =
20. Initial steady state flow rate, qs1=
21. Final steady state flow rate, qs2=
22. Change in flow rate qs2 – qs1=
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Observation Table:
Tank Tank Observed

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Calculation:
Predicted value ( ) ( )
τ τ ( )
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
( ) √[( ) ( )]
( ) √[( ) ( )]
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Where
τ1= A1 x R1
τ2= A2 x R2
Graph:

Result:
Conclusion:
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RESPONSE OF U-TUBE MANOMETER AS SECOND ORDER SYSTEM
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the response of u-tube manometer and
to find the value of time lag and damping coefficient for the system.
Apparatus: U-tube manometer, Stopwatch.
Theory: Derive the transfer function for u-tube manometer.

Explain the following terms used to describe an under damped system.
- Overshoot
- Decay ratio
- Rise time
- Response time
- Period of oscillation
- Natural of period of oscillation.
Procedure:
 Keep the manometer under steady state condition and note down the
height of the liquid column.
 Apply the force in the form of blown air to ensure the step input in one of
the lags of manometer so that liquid level in the other lag will rise.
 Now release the pressure and allow it to reach steady state again and note
down the time for each oscillation.
 Do necessary calculations and plot the graph of Ho(t)/A v/s t(time).
Observations:
Fluid :
Viscosity :
Inner diameter of tube :
Fluid height :
Density of fluid :
Initial steady state heighths :
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Observation Table:
Sr. HEIGHT
TIME, t (sec) Ho (t)= h(t) – hs Ho(t)/A
No. (cm), h(t)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Graph: h(t) vs time
Results:
- Time constant
-Damping coefficient
-Overshoot
- Decay ratio
- Rise time
- Response time
- Period of oscillation
- Natural of period of oscillation
Conclusion:
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RESPONSE OF MIXING PROCESS AS FIRST ORDER SYSTEM
Objective:After this experiment student will able toestablish the response curve for first order
mixing process to step input and to determine time constant practically and theoretically.
Apparatus: Vessel with overflow connection, Titration set, Stopwatch, Measuring cylinder
Utility: Water, Electric Supply, 0.5 N NaOH, 0.5 N HCL
Theory:Derive the transfer function for the first order mixing process
Procedure:
 Fill up the vessel with 0.5 N NaOHsolution up to the overflow condition

 Run the stirrer
 Pass tape water in the vessel at know flowrate and start stopwatch
 After each 3 min. interval collect the sample in bottles
 Find normality of each collected sample by titrating it against ____N HCl solution.
Observations:
Vessel volume up to overflow V = _________m3

Tap water flow rate q = ________m3/sec
The time constant Theoretical τ = V/q = _______sec
Initial steady state concentration yis =______ gm/lit.
Final concentration yfs =______ gm/lit
Amplitude of step change, A = yfs – yis = _______ gm/lit
Volume of sample taken for titration V1 = ________ml
Normality of HCl N2 = _______
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Observation Table:
Burette Normality
Sr. Time, Concentration Y(t) =
reading N1 = Y(t)/A
No. sec y(t) = N1*40 y(t)-yis(t)
(V2) (N2*V2/V1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Graph:
1. Y(t)/A v/s time for Step change

2. Y(t) experimental & Y(t) Predicted vs time
Calculation: Predicted value of response
( ) ( )
Where,
τ= time constant
Result:
Experimental value of time constantτ = V/q

Experimental value of time constant,(from graph)  :
Conclusion:
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PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the graph for proportional controller
and to study the control for a step input on a simulated system.
Apparatus: P-controller.
Utility: Water, Electric Supply
Theory:Discuss about Proportional controller.
Procedure:
 The p-controller was switched on and set value was set to zero.
 The value of proportional band was set to a particular point.
 The measured value was changed for several times and accordingly the output value was
noted down.
 This procedure was repeated for another value of proportional band.
 Graph of  P v/s ‘  e’ was plotted and slope of the graph was found out.
Observations:
The value of gain =
The value of ps =
Observation Table:
Sr. No. ERROR Output,P  P = P - Ps
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Results:
Set value of gain:
Graphical value of gain:
Conclusion:
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PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL CONTROLLER
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the graph for proportional integral
controller and to study the control for a step input on a simulated system.
Apparatus: PI-controller.
Theory:
Discuss about Proportional- Integral controller.
Procedure:
 The PI-controller was switched on and set value was set to zero.
 The value of proportional band and the value of integral action were set to a particular
point.
noted down.
 Graph of  P v/s t and  e v/s t were plotted and slope of the graph was found out.
Observations:
The value of gain=
The value of ps =
Error introduced=
Value of integral time=
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Observation Table:
SR NO. TIME t P
Results:
Theoratical value of integral time:
Graphical value of integral time:
Conclusion:
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PROPORTIONAL DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the graph for proportional derivative
controller and to study the control for a step input on a simulated system.
Apparatus: PD-controller.
Theory:
Discuss about Proportional derivative control.
Procedure:
 The PD-controller was switched on and set value was set to zero.
 The value of proportional band and the value of derivative action were set to a particular
point .
noted down.
 Graph of  P v/s t and  e v/s t were plotted and slope of the graph was found out.
Observations:
The value of gain=
The value of ps =
Value of derivative time=
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Observation Table:
SR NO. TIME t P ERROR E
Results:
Theoretical value of derivative time:
Graphical value of derivative time:
Conclusions:
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AIR PURGE METHOD
Objective:After this experiment student will able to measure the change in the level of liquid in
a simple tank using air purge method.
Apparatus: U tube manometer, Rubber tube, Measuring cylinder.
Theory:Discuss about air purge method.
Procedure:
 Arrange the apparatus as shown in figure.

 Immerse one end of the rubber tube in the water taken in the measuring cylinder.
 Take 100 ml of water in the measuring cylinder and note down corresponding heights of
liquid in the legs of manometer.
 Increase the volume of water in the cylinder by 100 ml till the total content of the
cylinder reaches to 1000 ml and repeat the same procedure every time.
 Calculate the pressure drop.
 Plot graph of liquid height in cylinder v/s pressure drop.
Observations:
Density of water :
Value of g :
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Observation Table:
Sr. Height in cylinder Manometer height (left L) Difference Pressure

No. (cm) (right R) (cm)[L-R] drop
Calculations:
(Actual value – Graphical value) x 100

Percentage error =
Actual value
Result: Percentage error =
Conclusion:
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Temperature Control Trainer (Open Loop Control)
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the Open Loop(Manual Mode)
Control.
Apparatus: Temperature Control Trainer
Theory:Discuss about the P controller.
Procedure:
 Start the equipment as mentioned in the startup procedure above.

 Adjust the Set point of Heater temperature Controller approx. 60 oC.
 Select the Manual option by pressing the AUTO/MANUAL button provided on the main
screen. The button should indicate MANUAL when the controller is in Manual Control
mode.
 Apply the step change of 10% every time after the system reaches the steady state till the
controller output reaches the value 100%. Note down these steady state process variable
values with corresponding controller output.
Precaution:
 Shut down the equipment as mentioned in the shutdown procedure.
 While conducting this experiment the process variable value should not exceed the value
of 70 oC in each experiments, as it may damage the Heater tank/temperature sensor
transmitter.
Observations:
Volume of Tank: ______________Liter
Water Flowrate:_______________LPH
Set Point: ________________ oC
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Observation Table:
Sr. No. Step Change (%) Controller output

1 0
2 10
3 20
4 30
5 40
6 50
7 60
8 70
9 80
10 90
11 100
Conclusion:
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Temperature Control Trainer (Close Loop Control)
Objective:After this experiment student will able to study the Close Loop(Auto Mode) Control
(ON/OFF Control).
Apparatus: Temperature Control Trainer
Theory:Discuss about the P controller.
Procedure:
 Start the equipment as mentioned in the startup procedure above.

 Adjust the Set point of Heater temperature Controller approx. 60 oC.
 Adjust the opening (approx. 20%) of the disturbance valve provided on the Heater tank
and do not alter it throughout the course of the experiment.
 Select the Auto option by pressing the AUTO/MANUAL button provided on the main
screen. The button should indicate AUTO when the controller is in Manual Control
mode.
 Choose the ON/OFF control action from the menu button on the main screen and also
supply the value of difference expressed as % of input span in the popped up dialogue
box.
Precaution:
 Shut down the equipment as mentioned in the shutdown procedure.
 While conducting this experiment the process variable value should not exceed the value
of 70 oC in each experiments, as it may damage the Heater tank/temperature sensor
transmitter.
Observations:
Volume of Tank: ______________Liter
Water Flowrate:_______________LPH
Set Point: ________________ oC
Controller Output when Process variable > Set point:______
Controller Output when Process Variable < Setpoint:_____
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Conclusion:
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3150504–Instrumentation & Process

Chemical Engineering Department

Experiment No: Date:

Apparatus:Glass beaker, Heating mantle, Magnetic stirrer, Thermometer, Stand

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

For Step Change Positive

For Step Change Nagative

Observation Table (Step change positive)

Observation Table (Step change nagative)

1. Y(t)/A v/s time for Step change negative & positive

Calculation: Predicted value of step response

Result: Experimental value of time constant,(from graph)  :

Experiment No: Date:

Apparatus: Liquid level system apparatus, rubber tubes, pinchcock

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

 Diameter of tank mm: ID 92 mm

Sr. TIME, t (sec) HEIGHT Observed H(t)= Predicted

Calculation: Calculate predicted value of response

1. H(t)/A v/s time for Step change,

1. What is Linear resistance in liquid level system?

Experiment No: Date:

TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL NON-INTERACTING SYSTEM (Step Response)

Apparatus:Non-interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

 Start up the set up.

 Diameter of tanks: ID 92mm

Tank Tank Observed

1. Transient response of single tank,

Predicted H2 (t) vs Experimental H2 (t)

1. Why Response of Noninteracting tanks always result in an overdamped or critically

Experiment No: Date:

TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL NON-INTERACTING SYSTEM (Impulse Response)

Apparatus:Non-interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

Tank Tank Observed

1. Transient response of single tank,

Predicted H2 (t) vs Experimental H2 (t)

Experiment No: Date:

TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL INTERACTING SYSTEM (Step Response)

Apparatus:Interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

Tank Tank Observed

1. Transient response of single tank,

Predicted H2 (t) vs Experimental H2 (t)

Experiment No: Date:

TWO TANK LIQUID LEVEL INTERACTING SYSTEM (Impulse Response)

Apparatus:Interacting system apparatus, measuring cylinder, stopwatch.

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

 Start up the set up.

Tank Tank Observed

1. Transient response of single tank,

Predicted H2 (t) vs Experimental H2 (t)

Experiment No: Date:

RESPONSE OF U-TUBE MANOMETER AS SECOND ORDER SYSTEM

Apparatus: U-tube manometer, Stopwatch.

Utility: Water, Electric Supply.

Theory: Derive the transfer function for u-tube manometer.

Graph: h(t) vs time

Experiment No: Date:

RESPONSE OF MIXING PROCESS AS FIRST ORDER SYSTEM

Utility: Water, Electric Supply, 0.5 N NaOH, 0.5 N HCL

 Fill up the vessel with 0.5 N NaOHsolution up to the overflow condition

Vessel volume up to overflow V = _________m3