03 Guide RCCP p56-p97 Hydraulic Dimensioning

3/ dimensionnement hydraulique 12/02/04 17:57 Page 55
Hydraulic
dimensioning
page
1 Head-loss 56
1.1 Pressurised pipelines 56
1.2 Open channel flow pipelines 59
2 Resistance to abrasion of BONNA

steel cylinder reinforced concrete pipes 62
3 Pressure networks, terminology 64
4 Factory test pressure 65
5 Negative pressure - Collapse 66
6 Water hammer 67
7 Self-anchoring 69
7.1 Self-anchoring of BONNA steel cylinder pipes 69
7.2 Length of pipe necessary for anchoring 70
7.3 Anchorage thrust concrete block 70
8 Calculation charts 71
8.1 Colebrook formula 73
8.2 Manning-Strickler formula 71
Hydraulic dimensioning
1. HEAD-LOSS
1.1 Pressurised pipelines
Head-loss
In the following pages, we will recall a number of concepts concerning head-loss related to concrete
structures.
Pressurised pipelines
Most formulas designed to calculate head-loss have now been abandoned in favour of the COLEBROOK
formula which is the best suited formula for pipes manufactured according to our modern techniques and
which, moreover, applies to all ranges of diameters, flow-rates and types of fluid.
General expression of the head-loss in a pipeline (DARCY formula)

where
J = head-loss (in m of head per m of pipeline)
V = fluid velocity (in m/s)
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s2)
D = internal diameter of pipeline (in m)
λ = head-loss coefficient derived from the COLEBROOK formula
COLEBROOK formula
where
k = coefficient characteristic of the thickness of the wall
roughness (in m)
ν = cinematic viscosity of the fluid at operating temperature
(in m2/s)
(water at 12°C ; n = 1.24.10-6 m2/s)
Usable expression
The resolution of the above equations is as follows:
where
Dh = hydraulic diameter
Experience has shown that, for pipelines with an internal cement-based lining applied according to modern
techniques, it is appropriate to take k = 0.0001 m. This coefficient for k merely reflects a hydraulic
behaviour that has been observed and quantified empirically.
This low value for k, which is much lower than the actual roughness height inside the pipelines, is explained
by the fact that the roughness is practically smoothed out by the laminar film that forms on the wall as soon
as water starts running. A value of k = 0 would mean that the roughness was completely smoothed out by
the laminar film. It would then be as if the pipeline walls were even: the flow would be hydraulically
smooth.
56
1. Head-loss
Calculation chart for Head-loss in pressurised pipelines: COLEBROOK formula

(See calculation chart on page 73-74)
In the calculation chart, we have considered the following values:
- k = 0.0001 m, which corresponds to the internal lining of the BONNA pipelines
- ν = 1.24.10-6 m2/s, which corresponds to water at 12°C
Using the calculation chart: principle

Any point on the diameter line has the pipeline flow-rate in abscissa and the head-losses in ordinate.
The inclined straight line that meets this point also indicates the water velocity.
Example of application:
1. To determine the head-loss for a 1 m3/s flow-rate in the 1,000 mm diameter pipeline (result: 0.0011 m
per m or 1.10 m per km).
2. To determine the flow-rate of a 600 mm diameter pipeline for a 2 m per km head-loss (result: 358 l/s).
3. To determine the diameter of a pipeline with a 4.5 m3/s flow-rate and a 2.5 m/km head-loss (result:
between 1,500 mm and 1,600 mm; the larger diameter, i.e. 1,600 mm, shall be chosen).
Local head-losses in pressurised pipelines

When special fittings are very numerous, in order to be more precise, it is necessary to calculate the local
head-losses resulting from the presence of these elements.
Experience shows that these head-losses have the following form:
where
∆P = head-loss (in m of water-column)
K = numerical coefficient without dimension that depends on the nature of the
singular point
V = water velocity (in m/s)
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s2
Determining the coefficient K according to the nature of the singular point
Nature of singular point Value of K and expression of head-loss ∆P

and expression of head-loss ∆P
WEISBACH formula:
where
R = radius of curvature of elbow axis (on m)
A = angle of elbow in degrees
Value of K’ for certain diameters:
D (mm) 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

K’ 0.144 0.144 0.144 0.156 0.150 0.163 0.180 0.168
D (mm) 1200 1400 1500 1600 1800 2000 2500
K’ 0.202 0.175 0.188 0.202 0.240 0.202 0.214
57
1. Head-loss
Nature of singular point Value of K and expression of head-loss ∆P

and expression of head-loss ∆P
Based on FLEIGNER’s formula
where
A = top angle of reducer (in degrees)
D1 = inlet internal diameter (in m)
D2 = outlet diameter (in m)
V1 is the flow velocity when it enters the diverging reducer
smaller diameter D 1.
The table below, with double entry, allows one to
interpolate K:
D1 A
D2 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16°
0.50 0.039 0.059 0.078 0.098 0.117 0.136 0.155
0.60 0.029 0.043 0.057 0.071 0.085 0.099 0.113
0.70 0.018 0.027 0.036 0.045 0.0054 0.063 0.072
0.80 0.009 0.014 0.018 0.023 0.0027 0.0041 0.036
0.90 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.010
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
If A° ≤ 20°
∆P ≈ negligible
If A° > 20°
∆P = K V where
2
2g
0.20 ≤ K ≤ 0.50
If the outlet element has sharp angles:

K = 0.5
If the outlet is made using a well-rounded connection:

K = 0.05
This value is an average, it depends in fact on the rounding.
For an inlet with sharp angles without a transition reducer:

K=1
Other studies such as IDELCIK, CARLIER, LENCASTRE, propose formulations for the coefficient K that correspond to
most possible situations, even if we only retain the most common used ones.
58
1. Head-loss
1.2 Open channel flow pipelines
Linear head-loss
When designing open channel flow networks, use is commonly made of the following approximation:
permanent uniform flow.
The consequence of this approximation is that one considers that, far from the disturbance areas, the
head-loss is equal to the pipeline gradient and that the flow-rate is constant.
In this type of flow, the flow-rate only determines the heights of water and correlatively, the flow velocity
from the wet cross-sectional area.
For this type of flow, the most widely used formulas all have the following form:
where
V = water flow velocity (in m/s)
K = coefficient
R = hydraulic radius (in m) = Wet surface
Wet perimeter
I = structure gradient (in m per m)
Note: In these monomial type formulas, the nature of fluid conveyed is no longer referred to explicitly in the form of the
viscosity. This results in approximations that should be treated with prudence.
“Instruction Technique relative à l’Assainissement des Agglomérations” formulas

(Technical circular concerning sewage works in major conurbations)
These formulas, which are published in Interministerial Instruction no. 77-284, essentially apply to
stormwater, wastewater discharge networks and mixed networks.
Nature of network Formula
Mixed or stormwater networks:
- of the ordinary type V = 60 . R 3/4 . I 1/2
- equipped with flushing systems, selective V = 72 . R 3/4 . I 1/2
hydrants in good repair, the flow-rate is to be increased
by 20% which is equivalent to:
Waste water discharge networks:

- erected without particular care V = 70 . R 2/3 . I 1/2
- carefully designed network with regular V = 84 . R 2/3 . I 1/2
maintenance, the flow-rate is to be increased by 20%, i.e.:
MANNING-STRICKLER formula
It reads as follows:
where
V = water flow velocity (in m/s)
K = Coefficient
R = Hydraulic radius (in m) = Wet surface
Wet perimeter
I = Structure gradient (in m per m)
S = Wet section (in m 2)
Q = Flow-rate (in m 3/s)
59
1. Head-loss
For completely full pipelines, with smooth mortar walls, the coefficient K reaches the maximum
value 100.
However, for calculating the water velocity inside our sewage pipes, whatever their purpose, the formula
to be taken is that of MANNING-STRICKLER with a coefficient K = 90, i.e.:
V = 90 . R 2/3 . I 1/2
The enclosed calculation chart (pages 71-72) is based on the MANNING-STRICKLER formula and directly
gives the flow-rate of the full circular pipe according to the pipe gradient.
The enclosed functional scales give the reduction coefficients of flow-rates and velocities when the pipe is
only partly full. It can be seen that, irrespective of the formula used, they have an intrinsic property of cir-
cular sections.
The hydraulic conditions of open channel flows may also be rendered by other formulae, in particular: the
above-mentioned COLEBROOK formula, concern both pressurised pipelines and open channel flow
pipelines.
Singular head-losses in open channel flow pipelines

The local head-losses have to be integrated in the calculation because they may not be negligible in com-
pared to the linear head-losses, in particular in the case of the outlet of a tank.
In the latter case, the flow conditions may be so disturbed that the flow of water may not be uniform where
the height of water varies along the pipeline: a special study is therefore necessary. Such a study will be
compulsory also if the profile includes weirs, spillways or outfall structures.
Flow-rate of partially full circular pipelines

MANNING-STRICKLER formula
QD, VD flow-rate and velocity in the full pipeline.
Qh, Vh flow-rate and velocity in the partially full pipeline.
For safety reasons, only the full pipeline flow-rate shall be considered, for choosing the diameter.
60
1. Head-loss
Instructions for use

From the gradient I, the flow-rate QD of the full pipeline is found on the preceding diagram.
Qh
The ratio of of the flow-rate Qh for the partly full pipeline to QD , the flow-rate of the full pipeline is formed.
QD
h
At right angles with this ratio, the value of can be read on the upper functional scale:
D
Qh Vh
hence h; on the lower functional scale and still below the ratio, the ratio of the velocity in the
QD Vd.
partly full pipeline to the velocity in the full pipeline: hence
Dotted line example

Given an 0.70 m diameter pipeline in which the intended flow-rate Qh is 400l/s; owing to its gradient, the
pipeline can secure a flow-rate QD = 500 l/s.
Qh 400 h
= = 0.80, opposite this value, one reads = 0.676 m on the upper functional scale;
QD 500 D
the height of water is 0.676 x D = 0.676 x 0.7 = 0.473 m.
Qh Vh
On the lower scale right below = 0.80, one can read = 1.109:
QD VD
0.500
hence Vh = 1.109 V D = 1.109 x = 1.44 m/s.
0.385
Partial filling in circular cross-section

Q = flow-rate in full cross-section
V = velocity in full cross-section
q = flow-rate in partially filled cross-section
v = velocity in partially filled cross-section
61
2. RESISTANCE TO ABRASION
OF BONNA STEEL CYLINDER
REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES
The abrasion phenomena result in most cases from the combination of several unfavourable conditions
including:
the mechanically abrasive nature of the effluent conveyed,
the chemical aggressiveness of the effluent,
the velocity of the fluids inside the pipe,
the type of the draining condition of these fluids: permanent, transient, occasional, etc.
General behaviour of the concrete material to abrasion

The concrete comprises a granular skeleton (dispersed grain size: fine and coarse sand, gravel of scaled
sizes) within a hydraulic binder-based matrix.
The mechanical wear on concrete is therefore analysed via the resistance to abrasion of each of its com-
ponents, and the quality of the binder.
The use of cements with high mechanical performances and heavy cement content for the manufacture of
the cement matrix provides it with a hardness equivalent to that of the aggregates used in the concrete
mix, thereby ensuring a good overall homogeneity with respect to abrasive phenomena.
Sand Gravel Cement Water
The current allowed flow velocities inside modern concrete pipelines are as follows:
For V ≤ 5 m/s, there is no risk of mechanical abrasion, in case of conveying normally charged stormwa -
ter inside the pipelines.
For 5 m/s < V ≤ 10 m/s and when the flow conditions are not permanent, experience shows that there
is no risk of damage to the inside lining of the pipelines.
Wet abrasion tests have been carried out by the C.N.R. (COMPAGNIE NATIONALE du RHONE). These
tests have made it possible to classify the concrete material as resistant to abrasion, its performances
depending directly on its composition and its conditions of implementation.
It can be noted that the abrasion resistance of High Performance (H.P.) concrete is close to that
of glass.
BONNA SABLA steel cylinder reinforced concrete pipes

Steel cylinder reinforced pipes comprise a steel cylinder with concrete internal lining and external coating.
The concrete lining is placed by centrifugation or by vertical casting under high frequency vibration,
depending on the diameter of the pipe produced.
In both cases, such concrete is characterised by its high compactness and mechanical resistance (>45 MPa)
obtained thanks to:
the minimisation of the voids index by optimising the granular skeleton
the high content of high performance cement (>350 kg/m3 of Portland Cement)
the intense packing within the moulds, via rigorously controlled industrial processes.
62
2. BONNA steel cylinder reinforced concrete pipes:
resistance to abrasion
The regularity of these performances is guaranteed through strict control of the manufacture and imple-
mentation stages of these concretes:
control of components and concrete mixes,
rigorous limitation of the water content of concrete,
regular control of the resistance on compression test samples.
The mechanical performances of these concretes are greater than those of the mortar lining commonly
used to protect the inside of steel pipes. With respect to surface abrasion phenomena, the inside concrete
of a BONNA steel cylinder pipe behaves like a compact mass on a significant thickness. The thickness varies
from 25 mm to 60 mm depending on the diameter of the pipe.
Materials Internal lining Common range of Thickness of lining depending on

intérieur diameters range of diameters (in mm)
Steel cylinder Concrete 300 mm to 3,500 mm 25 ≤ thickness ≤ 60
reinforced concrete
Pig iron Mortar 60 mm to 2,000 mm 3 ≤ thickness ≤ 9
P.R.V. Liner (resin) 150 mm to 2,400 mm thickness ≤ 1.5 save for specific cases
A few millimetres only for the skin
P.E.H.D. No 60 mm – 1,200 mm in contact with the effluent
P.V.C. No 60 mm - 600 mm in products with structured
and non-compact walls
Steel Mortar / or Epoxy 100 mm -2,500 mm If Mortar: a few millimetres
If Epoxy: a few micrometers
Steel reinforced pipes are commonly used in the manufacture of pressurised water supply mains for indus-
trial processes or consumers. The untreated water conveyed (catchment water, seawater or river water)
is conveyed in mains with speeds from 2 to 5 m/s, which is the hydraulic dimensioning basis of these facil-
ities. They are commonly fitted to forced turbine supply pipelines in steeply-sloped areas.
When a rainwater mains is required to meet particularly severe watertighness or mechanical resistance
characteristics, steel reinforced pipes are sometimes used instead of conventional reinforced concrete
pipes. In such cases, they convey rainwater at speeds that vary from 2 to 10 m/s depending on the slope
of the mains. They constitute a particularly well adapted response to concerns of abrasion in the networks
operating in these conditions.
63
3. PRESSURE NETWORKS
TERMINOLOGY
In accordance with European Standard EN 805, we have:
Standardised names Common names

Abbrev Names Definitions
DP Calculation Pressure Maximum operating pressure PFC =
in Steady State of mains or of pressurised area fixed Operating pressure
by the designer keeping account of future in steady state
developments but not including water hammer
MDP Maximum Design Maximum operating pressure of mains MWP =

Pressure or of pressurised area fixed by the designer Maximum
including water hammer in light of future Working Pressure
developments where:
- MDP is written MDPa when the water hammer
part is given a fixed value
- MDP is written MDPc when the water hammer
part is calculated
STP Maximum Hydrostatic pressure applied to a newly FTP =

pressure laid pipeline so as to ensure its integrity Field Trench test pressure
of mains and that it is watertight
PFA Acceptable Maximum hydrostatic pressure

Operating which a component is capable of resisting
Pressure permanently when in service
PMA Maximum Maximum pressure including water hammer

Pressure which a component is capable of resisting when
Acceptable it is subject to service from time to time
PEA Acceptable Maximum hydrostatic pressure which

test pressure a newly laid component is capable of resisting
on site for a relatively short time in order to ensure that
the pipeline is not damaged and remains watertight
OP Operating Internal pressure at a given moment at a PF=

pressure given point of the water supply mains Operating pressure
SP Service Internal pressure at the point of connection PS =

Pressure to the consumers installation at zero flow rate Service Pressure
in the branch pipe
64
4. FACTORY TEST PRESSURE
A watertightness test on hydraulic bench is carried out for each bare steel cylinder before inside and
outside concreting.
The internal pressure P t of the test to be performed is that which produces, in the cylinder, a stress equal
to 75 % of the minimum yield strength of the steel subject to the following maximum values:
If Di ≤ 1200 mm Pt = 1 / D 2 i
If Di > 1200 mm Pt = 3 / D 2 i
Where: Di = Pipe Internal diameter (in m)

Pt = Factory test pressure (in MPa)
Note: We remind you that in steel cylinder pipe design, the stresses in the steel do not exceed 2/3 of the steel yield
strength when the pipe is subject to the maximum design pressure (MDP or MWP).
65
5. NEGATIVE PRESSURE - COLLAPSE
According to European Standard EN 805 regarding the water supply networks, the pipes should be
designed to resist a negative pressure of 80 kPa from the atmospheric pressure.
When in operation, a pipe can be subjected to vacuum conditions (water hammer, empty pipe, etc.) which
could cause it to buckle and collapse.
The advantage of the Steel Cylinder concept is that it adds a thick concrete lining to the inside of the
BONNA pipe, this lining acting as a SHELL.
This SHELL enables the BONNA pipe to resist buckling of the cylinder when a negative pressure exists
inside the pipeline, even up to perfect vacuum.
Specific cases of submerged pipelines

A pipe empty of water should be able to resist the external hydrostatic pressure to which it is subjected.
The critical external pressure PC, capable of crushing a cylinder or critical buckling pressure of the cylinder,
is given by:
where
R = average radius of cylinder (in cm)
E = modulus of elasticity of material (in MPa)
e = wall thickness of cylinder (in m)
For the steel cylinder pipe, the verification of the resistance to vacuum conditions only includes the steel
sheet and its internal lining.
PC > Total Pressure supported by the pipe
In reality, the external coating makes a significant contribution to the crushing resistance of the pipe (encas-
ing effect).
66
6. WATER HAMMER
This is the term used to describe the variations in pressure caused by sudden changes in the pipeline flow
conditions.
This phenomenon generally appears while the pumps or valves are being operated, thus creating a large
number of back-and-forward movements of overpressure and negative pressure waves that propagate
along the pipeline at a velocity "a" known as the wave velocity.
Expression of wave velocity:

where
ρ = water density = 1,000 kg /m3
ξ = modulus of elasticity of water = 2.05.109 N/m2
E = modulus of elasticity of BONNA pipe
= 3.5.1010 N/m2
e = thickness of pipeline
a = wave velocity (in m/s)
on average and as an initial approximation, we can take the following values:

Value of "a" for water in a BONNA pipe: a = 1,200 m/s
Expression of ALLIEVI and MICHAUD formulas

As a starting point, these formulas use the SAINT VENANT equations, established on the basis of the
continuity equation and the dynamic equation (theorem of quantities of movement), to which is added a
number of simplifying hypotheses.
Application to the specific case of closing of a valve
"Sudden" operation of a valve "Slow" operation of a valve
If t ≤ 2L If t ≥ 2L
a a
where: where:
t = closing time (in s) t = closing time (in s)
L = length of pipeline (in m) L = length of pipeline (in m)
a = wave velocity (in m/s) a = wave velocity (in m/s)
then then
∆P = ± a. ∆V (Allievi) ∆P = ± 2.L. ∆V (Michaud)
g g.t
where: where:
∆P = overpressure/negative pressure ∆P = overpressure/negative pressure
(in m of water column) from the (in m of water column) from the
normal static pressure normal static pressure
a = wave velocity (in m/s) ∆V = the variation in velocities before and
∆V= the variation in velocities before and after the water hammer (in m/s)
after the water hammer (in m/s) g = 9.81 m/s 2
g = 9.81 m/s 2 = acceleration due to t = closing time of valve (in s)
gravity L = length of pipeline (in m)
67
6. Water hammer
These formulas are to be treated with prudence. pressure and flow-rate at a given time on any point
They give an evaluation of the MAXIMUM water of the pipeline during a water hammer.
hammer because they do not take into account the
safety equipment installed on the network, and System of protection
neglect head-losses. Faced with the water hammer phenomenon, pro-
tection systems exist making it possible to limit this
The BERGERON graphic method phenomenon to admissible network characteristics.
This is a method developed simultaneously by Here are the most well known:
SCHNYDER and BERGERON which gives the
Protection apparatus Description of the system Areas of use

Valves The discharge valve allows a topping off of For a water network
the overload by directing some flow and generally installed with an insulation
towards the exterior, as soon as the pres- valve
sure becomes higher than a certain set
value, compatible with the maximum pres-
sure allowed within the network
Air vent scuttles The scuttles allow extraction of the air con- - at high points within the network
and flaps tained in the pipe. There are several differ- - at intermediary points, between high
ent kinds and low, if distance > 1 km
- at sectioning valves
The fly wheel The fly wheel helps transform a pump
stopping sharply into a pump stopping slowly
in the case of a pump malfunction (t > 2L)
a
The surge tank The surge tank is a water reserve in - in hydro-electric power plants
permanent contact with the pipe, its surface - in water treatment networks
translates the pressure variations exactly - in cases where the height of backflow
is weak
- little used in pressure water networks
considering the strong forces of backflow
The anti-water The anti-water hammer tank limits The most used device for protection against
hammer tank overpressure and avoids cavitation using overloading
a asymmetrical head-loss device such as
a drilled flap, calibrated, to produce:
- a very low head-loss when emptying the
tank
- a high head-loss when filling the tank
The surge tank The surge tank chamber, also called the For low backflow heights
chamber automatically regulated air chamber, is a
(ARAA) device derived from the surge tank and the
anti-water hammer tank.
The BONNA steel cylinder pipe Vacuum conditions

and water hammer phenomena The internal lining provides perfect vacuum resist-
ance for a wide range of diameters.
In general, it is important to note that a network
comprising BONNA steel cylinder pipes offers a high Overpressure
safety against water hammer related phenomena. Steel cylinder pipes can take the instantaneous
overpressures considered in the operating conditions
of the projects and offer significant safety against
breaking due to accidental and unforeseen
overpressure.
68
7. SELF-ANCHORAGE
7.1 Self-anchoring of BONNA steel cylinder pipes
A pipeline is self-anchored when it is able to resist a longitudinal stress equal to the hydraulic force applied
to a solid plate.
F = PS F = hydraulic force due to pressure

P = pressure in pipeline
S = section under steel cylinder on which the pressure
is applied
In the case of steel cylinder pipes, self-anchoring is provided by the steel cylinder and the welded joints.
Specific measures may also be taken to re-establish self-anchorage at the joints or flexible fittings (ER joints,
movement compensators, etc.).
In such case, it is necessary to check that the longitudinal stress Ft in the steel cylinder is admissible.
Dt = diameter under steel cylinder
et = steel cylinder thickness
Fs = admissible longitudinal stress in steel
(For a S 235 grade steel cylinder, we have Fs = 125 MPa)
7.2 Length of pipe necessary for anchoring
For a self-anchored pipeline, the hydraulic forces should be balanced by the friction forces to which it
is subjected. The forces applied to the pipeline and which generate friction forces are defined in the
following table:
Vertical earth pressure

The resulting total force per linear metre is:
Fv = 2 . P v. D e
where: Pv = γ1 H1 + γ2 H2
If missing precise data, we take:
γ1 = 18 KN/m 3
γ2 = 11 KN/m 3
Lateral earth pressure

The resulting total force per linear metre is:
Fh = 2 . P h . D e
where: Ph = Ka γ1 H1 + γ2 (H2 + De )
2
and Ka = tg2 ( π - ϕ ) = Rankine coefficient
4 2
If missing precise data, we take: Ka = 0.15 which
corresponds to a non-compacted backfill using granular soil
or compacted backfill using clayey or slimy soil.
Own weight of pipe and water contained therein

• If the pipe is above the water table
G = π (De2 - D i2) x 23.5 + π Di2 x 10 in KN/m 3
4 4
• If the pipe is under the water table, account is taken of the
immersed pipe weight
G = π (De2 – Di2) x 13.5 in KN/m 3
4
69
7. Self-anchorage
7.2 Length of pipe necessary for anchoring
The normal force per linear metre applied to the pipeline is expressed as follows: N = F υ + Fh + G
The normal total force at a pipeline of length L is expressed as follows: N.L = F υ.L + F h.L + G.L
The pipeline is anchored if the following condition is verified: F ≤ f. N.L
where f = soil/pipe friction coefficient
• For cast steel cylinder pipes: f = tg ( 2 ϕ )

3
• For projected steel cylinder pipes: f = tg (ϕ)
where ϕ is the internal friction angle of the backfill in general 30° ≤ ϕ ≤ 35°
The length of the anchorage is expressed as follows:
F
L≥ (in m)
f ( F v + F h + G)
7.3 Anchorage thrust concrete block
The forces applied to an anchorage thrust concrete block are identical to those applied to a pipe. The cal-
culation is therefore similar to that detailed in the previous paragraph.
The block anchors the pipeline if:

F ≤ f. N m where: Nm = Fυ + Fh + G
f = soil/pipe friction coefficient
And the following table:

Vertical earth thrust Lateral earth thrust Own weight of block
Pυ = γ1 H1 + γ2 H2 Ph = Ka γ1H1 + γ2 H2 + γ2 (H2 + h) • If the pipe is under the water table
G = a(b.h - π D 1) x 13.5
2
2 (KN/m3)
4
Fυ = 2. P υ . a . b Fh = 2 P h . a. h • If the pipe is above the water table
G = a.b.h.23.5 - π D 1 .a.13.5 (KN/m3)
2
It is possible to minimise the anchorage thrust block by taking account of the pipe friction weight, in which
case the following must be verified: F ≤ f. (N m + Nl)
Nl being the total normal force at a pipeline of length l.
70
Colebrook formula
Colebrook formula
Where λ
Where V = average flow velocity in m/s

Dh = hydraulic diameter in m
I = gradient of head line (Head-loss) in m/m
I is similar to the slope of the pipe invert when flow is uniform
ν = cinematic viscosity of water (1.24*10-6 m2/s)
k = equivalent roughness of pipe
k is the roughness which must be introduced into the NIKURADZE equations to find the experimental
results. This parameter cannot be measured on the material.
The different test results observed on our steel cylinder pipes have led us to specify a value: k = 0.1mm
75
300 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
m3/s mm/m m/s m3/s mm/m m/s m3/s mm/m m/s
0.027 0.50 0.385 0.157 13.75 2.218 0.222 27.00 3.138
0.034 0.75 0.480 0.158 14.00 2.239 0.223 27.25 3.153
0.040 1.00 0.560 0.160 14.25 2.259 0.224 27.50 3.168
0.045 1.25 0.631 0.161 14.50 2.280 0.225 27.75 3.183
0.049 1.50 0.695 0.163 14.75 2.300 0.226 28.00 3.197
0.053 1.75 0.754 0.164 15.00 2.320 0.227 28.25 3.212
0.057 2.00 0.810 0.165 15.25 2.340 0.228 28.50 3.226
0.061 2.25 0.862 0.167 15.50 2.360 0.229 28.75 3.241
0.064 2.50 0.911 0.168 15.75 2.379 0.230 29.00 3.255
0.068 2.75 0.958 0.170 16.00 2.398 0.231 29.25 3.270
0.071 3.00 1.003 0.171 16.25 2.418 0.232 29.50 3.284
0.074 3.25 1.046 0.172 16.50 2.437 0.233 29.75 3.298
0.077 3.50 1.088 0.174 16.75 2.456 0.234 30.00 3.312
0.080 3.75 1.128 0.175 17.00 2.475 0.235 30.25 3.326
0.082 4.00 1.167 0.176 17.25 2.493 0.236 30.50 3.340
0.085 4.25 1.205 0.178 17.50 2.512 0.237 30.75 3.354
0.088 4.50 1.241 0.179 17.75 2.530 0.238 31.00 3.368
0.090 4.75 1.277 0.180 18.00 2.548 0.239 31.25 3.382
0.093 5.00 1.312 0.181 18.25 2.567 0.240 31.50 3.396
0.095 5.25 1.346 0.183 18.50 2.585 0.241 31.75 3.410
0.097 5.50 1.379 0.184 18.75 2.602 0.242 32.00 3.423
0.100 5.75 1.411 0.185 19.00 2.620 0.243 32.25 3.437
0.102 6.00 1.443 0.186 19.25 2.638 0.244 32.50 3.451
0.104 6.25 1.474 0.188 19.50 2.655 0.245 32.75 3.464
0.106 6.50 1.504 0.189 19.75 2.673 0.246 33.00 3.478
0.108 6.75 1.534 0.190 20.00 2.690 0.247 33.25 3.491
0.111 7.00 1.563 0.191 20.25 2.708 0.248 33.50 3.505
0.113 7.25 1.592 0.193 20.50 2.725 0.249 33.75 3.518
0.115 7.50 1.620 0.194 20.75 2.742 0.250 34.00 3.531
0.117 7.75 1.648 0.195 21.00 2.759 0.251 34.25 3.544
0.118 8.00 1.676 0.196 21.25 2.775 0.251 34.50 3.558
0.120 8.25 1.703 0.197 21.50 2.792 0.252 34.75 3.571
0.122 8.50 1.729 0.199 21.75 2.809 0.253 35.00 3.584
0.124 8.75 1.756 0.200 22.00 2.825 0.254 35.25 3.597
0.126 9.00 1.781 0.201 22.25 2.842 0.255 35.50 3.610
0.128 9.25 1.807 0.202 22.50 2.858 0.256 35.75 3.623
0.130 9.50 1.832 0.203 22.75 2.874 0.257 36.00 3.636
0.131 9.75 1.857 0.204 23.00 2.890 0.258 36.25 3.649
0.133 10.00 1.881 0.205 23.25 2.907 0.259 36.50 3.662
0.135 10.25 1.906 0.207 23.50 2.923 0.260 36.75 3.674
0.136 10.50 1.930 0.208 23.75 2.938 0.261 37.00 3.687
0.138 10.75 1.953 0.209 24.00 2.954 0.262 37.25 3.700
0.140 11.00 1.977 0.210 24.25 2.970 0.262 37.50 3.713
0.141 11.25 2.000 0.211 24.50 2.986 0.263 37.75 3.725
0.143 11.50 2.023 0.212 24.75 3.001 0.264 38.00 3.738
0.145 11.75 2.045 0.213 25.00 3.017 0.265 38.25 3.750
0.146 12.00 2.068 0.214 25.25 3.032 0.266 38.50 3.763
0.148 12.25 2.090 0.215 25.50 3.048 0.267 38.75 3.775
0.149 12.50 2.112 0.217 25.75 3.063 0.268 39.00 3.788
0.151 12.75 2.133 0.218 26.00 3.078 0.269 39.25 3.800
0.152 13.00 2.155 0.219 26.25 3.093 0.269 39.50 3.812
0.154 13.25 2.176 0.220 26.50 3.108 0.270 39.75 3.825
0.155 13.50 2.197 0.221 26.75 3.123
76
400 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.059 0.50 0.466 0.334 13.75 2.655 0.471 27.00 3.751
0.073 0.75 0.579 0.337 14.00 2.679 0.474 27.25 3.769
0.085 1.00 0.675 0.340 14.25 2.704 0.476 27.50 3.786
0.095 1.25 0.760 0.343 14.50 2.728 0.478 27.75 3.804
0.105 1.50 0.837 0.346 14.75 2.752 0.480 28.00 3.821
0.114 1.75 0.908 0.349 15.00 2.776 0.482 28.25 3.839
0.122 2.00 0.974 0.352 15.25 2.800 0.485 28.50 3.856
0.130 2.25 1.036 0.355 15.50 2.823 0.487 28.75 3.873
0.138 2.50 1.095 0.358 15.75 2.846 0.489 29.00 3.890
0.145 2.75 1.152 0.361 16.00 2.870 0.491 29.25 3.907
0.151 3.00 1.205 0.363 16.25 2.892 0.493 29.50 3.924
0.158 3.25 1.257 0.366 16.50 2.915 0.495 29.75 3.941
0.164 3.50 1.307 0.369 16.75 2.938 0.497 30.00 3.958
0.170 3.75 1.355 0.372 17.00 2.960 0.500 30.25 3.975
0.176 4.00 1.401 0.375 17.25 2.982 0.502 30.50 3.992
0.182 4.25 1.446 0.378 17.50 3.005 0.504 30.75 4.008
0.187 4.50 1.490 0.380 17.75 3.026 0.506 31.00 4.025
0.193 4.75 1.532 0.383 18.00 3.048 0.508 31.25 4.041
0.198 5.00 1.574 0.386 18.25 3.070 0.510 31.50 4.058
0.203 5.25 1.614 0.388 18.50 3.091 0.512 31.75 4.074
0.208 5.50 1.654 0.391 18.75 3.113 0.514 32.00 4.091
0.213 5.75 1.692 0.394 19.00 3.134 0.516 32.25 4.107
0.217 6.00 1.730 0.396 19.25 3.155 0.518 32.50 4.123
0.222 6.25 1.767 0.399 19.50 3.176 0.520 32.75 4.139
0.227 6.50 1.803 0.402 19.75 3.197 0.522 33.00 4.155
0.231 6.75 1.839 0.404 20.00 3.217 0.524 33.25 4.171
0.235 7.00 1.874 0.407 20.25 3.238 0.526 33.50 4.187
0.240 7.25 1.908 0.409 20.50 3.258 0.528 33.75 4.203
0.244 7.50 1.942 0.412 20.75 3.278 0.530 34.00 4.219
0.248 7.75 1.975 0.415 21.00 3.299 0.532 34.25 4.235
0.252 8.00 2.008 0.417 21.25 3.319 0.534 34.50 4.251
0.256 8.25 2.040 0.420 21.50 3.339 0.536 34.75 4.266
0.260 8.50 2.072 0.422 21.75 3.358 0.538 35.00 4.282
0.264 8.75 2.103 0.425 22.00 3.378 0.540 35.25 4.297
0.268 9.00 2.134 0.427 22.25 3.398 0.542 35.50 4.313
0.272 9.25 2.164 0.429 22.50 3.417 0.544 35.75 4.328
0.276 9.50 2.194 0.432 22.75 3.437 0.546 36.00 4.344
0.279 9.75 2.224 0.434 23.00 3.456 0.548 36.25 4.359
0.283 10.00 2.253 0.437 23.25 3.475 0.550 36.50 4.374
0.287 10.25 2.282 0.439 23.50 3.494 0.552 36.75 4.390
0.290 10.50 2.311 0.441 23.75 3.513 0.554 37.00 4.405
0.294 10.75 2.339 0.444 24.00 3.532 0.555 37.25 4.420
0.297 11.00 2.367 0.446 24.25 3.551 0.557 37.50 4.435
0.301 11.25 2.394 0.449 24.50 3.569 0.559 37.75 4.450
0.304 11.50 2.421 0.451 24.75 3.588 0.561 38.00 4.465
0.308 11.75 2.448 0.453 25.00 3.606 0.563 38.25 4.480
0.311 12.00 2.475 0.455 25.25 3.625 0.565 38.50 4.495
0.314 12.25 2.502 0.458 25.50 3.643 0.567 38.75 4.510
0.318 12.50 2.528 0.460 25.75 3.661 0.569 39.00 4.524
0.321 12.75 2.554 0.462 26.00 3.679 0.570 39.25 4.539
0.324 13.00 2.579 0.465 26.25 3.697 0.572 39.50 4.554
0.327 13.25 2.605 0.467 26.50 3.715 0.574 39.75 4.569
0.330 13.50 2.630 0.469 26.75 3.733
77
500 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.073 0.25 0.371 0.593 13.50 3.020 0.841 26.75 4.283
0.106 0.50 0.539 0.598 13.75 3.048 0.845 27.00 4.303
0.131 0.75 0.669 0.604 14.00 3.076 0.849 27.25 4.323
0.153 1.00 0.779 0.610 14.25 3.104 0.853 27.50 4.343
0.172 1.25 0.877 0.615 14.50 3.132 0.857 27.75 4.363
0.189 1.50 0.965 0.620 14.75 3.160 0.861 28.00 4.383
0.205 1.75 1.047 0.626 15.00 3.187 0.865 28.25 4.403
0.220 2.00 1.123 0.631 15.25 3.214 0.868 28.50 4.423
0.234 2.25 1.194 0.636 15.50 3.241 0.872 28.75 4.443
0.248 2.50 1.262 0.642 15.75 3.268 0.876 29.00 4.462
0.260 2.75 1.326 0.647 16.00 3.294 0.880 29.25 4.482
0.272 3.00 1.388 0.652 16.25 3.320 0.884 29.50 4.501
0.284 3.25 1.447 0.657 16.50 3.346 0.888 29.75 4.521
0.295 3.50 1.504 0.662 16.75 3.372 0.891 30.00 4.540
0.306 3.75 1.559 0.667 17.00 3.398 0.895 30.25 4.559
0.317 4.00 1.612 0.672 17.25 3.423 0.899 30.50 4.579
0.327 4.25 1.664 0.677 17.50 3.449 0.903 30.75 4.598
0.336 4.50 1.714 0.682 17.75 3.474 0.906 31.00 4.617
0.346 4.75 1.762 0.687 18.00 3.499 0.910 31.25 4.636
0.355 5.00 1.810 0.692 18.25 3.523 0.914 31.50 4.654
0.364 5.25 1.856 0.697 18.50 3.548 0.918 31.75 4.673
0.373 5.50 1.902 0.701 18.75 3.572 0.921 32.00 4.692
0.382 5.75 1.946 0.706 19.00 3.597 0.925 32.25 4.710
0.391 6.00 1.989 0.711 19.25 3.621 0.929 32.50 4.729
0.399 6.25 2.031 0.716 19.50 3.645 0.932 32.75 4.747
0.407 6.50 2.073 0.720 19.75 3.669 0.936 33.00 4.766
0.415 6.75 2.114 0.725 20.00 3.692 0.939 33.25 4.784
0.423 7.00 2.154 0.730 20.25 3.716 0.943 33.50 4.802
0.431 7.25 2.193 0.734 20.50 3.739 0.947 33.75 4.821
0.438 7.50 2.232 0.739 20.75 3.762 0.950 34.00 4.839
0.446 7.75 2.270 0.743 21.00 3.785 0.954 34.25 4.857
0.453 8.00 2.308 0.748 21.25 3.808 0.957 34.50 4.875
0.460 8.25 2.344 0.752 21.50 3.831 0.961 34.75 4.893
0.467 8.50 2.381 0.757 21.75 3.854 0.964 35.00 4.911
0.474 8.75 2.417 0.761 22.00 3.876 0.968 35.25 4.928
0.481 9.00 2.452 0.766 22.25 3.899 0.971 35.50 4.946
0.488 9.25 2.487 0.770 22.50 3.921 0.975 35.75 4.964
0.495 9.50 2.521 0.774 22.75 3.943 0.978 36.00 4.981
0.502 9.75 2.555 0.779 23.00 3.965 0.982 36.25 4.999
0.508 10.00 2.588 0.783 23.25 3.987 0.985 36.50 5.017
0.515 10.25 2.621 0.787 23.50 4.009 0.988 36.75 5.034
0.521 10.50 2.654 0.791 23.75 4.031 0.992 37.00 5.051
0.527 10.75 2.686 0.796 24.00 4.052 0.995 37.25 5.069
0.534 11.00 2.718 0.800 24.25 4.074 0.999 37.50 5.086
0.540 11.25 2.750 0.804 24.50 4.095 1.002 37.75 5.103
0.546 11.50 2.781 0.808 24.75 4.116 1.005 38.00 5.120
0.552 11.75 2.812 0.812 25.00 4.137 1.009 38.25 5.137
0.558 12.00 2.843 0.817 25.25 4.158 1.012 38.50 5.154
0.564 12.25 2.873 0.821 25.50 4.179 1.015 38.75 5.171
0.570 12.50 2.903 0.825 25.75 4.200 1.019 39.00 5.188
0.576 12.75 2.932 0.829 26.00 4.221 1.022 39.25 5.205
0.582 13.00 2.962 0.833 26.25 4.242 1.025 39.50 5.222
0.587 13.25 2.991 0.837 26.50 4.262
78
600 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.081 0.13 0.287 0.669 6.75 2.367 0.951 13.38 3.362
0.118 0.25 0.418 0.676 6.88 2.389 0.955 13.50 3.378
0.147 0.38 0.520 0.682 7.00 2.412 0.960 13.63 3.394
0.171 0.50 0.606 0.688 7.13 2.434 0.964 13.75 3.410
0.193 0.63 0.682 0.694 7.25 2.456 0.969 13.88 3.426
0.213 0.75 0.752 0.700 7.38 2.477 0.973 14.00 3.442
0.231 0.88 0.815 0.707 7.50 2.499 0.978 14.13 3.457
0.247 1.00 0.875 0.713 7.63 2.520 0.982 14.25 3.473
0.263 1.13 0.931 0.719 7.75 2.541 0.986 14.38 3.488
0.278 1.25 0.984 0.724 7.88 2.562 0.991 14.50 3.504
0.293 1.38 1.035 0.730 8.00 2.583 0.995 14.63 3.519
0.306 1.50 1.083 0.736 8.13 2.604 0.999 14.75 3.535
0.319 1.63 1.130 0.742 8.25 2.624 1.004 14.88 3.550
0.332 1.75 1.174 0.748 8.38 2.645 1.008 15.00 3.565
0.344 1.88 1.218 0.754 8.50 2.665 1.012 15.13 3.580
0.356 2.00 1.259 0.759 8.63 2.685 1.017 15.25 3.595
0.368 2.13 1.300 0.765 8.75 2.705 1.021 15.38 3.610
0.379 2.25 1.339 0.770 8.88 2.725 1.025 15.50 3.625
0.390 2.38 1.378 0.776 9.00 2.744 1.029 15.63 3.640
0.400 2.50 1.415 0.781 9.13 2.764 1.033 15.75 3.655
0.410 2.63 1.451 0.787 9.25 2.783 1.038 15.88 3.670
0.420 2.75 1.487 0.792 9.38 2.802 1.042 16.00 3.685
0.430 2.88 1.522 0.798 9.50 2.822 1.046 16.13 3.699
0.440 3.00 1.556 0.803 9.63 2.841 1.050 16.25 3.714
0.449 3.13 1.589 0.808 9.75 2.859 1.054 16.38 3.729
0.459 3.25 1.622 0.814 9.88 2.878 1.058 16.50 3.743
0.468 3.38 1.654 0.819 10.00 2.897 1.062 16.63 3.757
0.477 3.50 1.686 0.824 10.13 2.915 1.066 16.75 3.772
0.485 3.63 1.717 0.830 10.25 2.934 1.071 16.88 3.786
0.494 3.75 1.747 0.835 10.38 2.952 1.075 17.00 3.801
0.502 3.88 1.777 0.840 10.50 2.970 1.079 17.13 3.815
0.511 4.00 1.806 0.845 10.63 2.988 1.083 17.25 3.829
0.519 4.13 1.835 0.850 10.75 3.006 1.087 17.38 3.843
0.527 4.25 1.864 0.855 10.88 3.024 1.091 17.50 3.857
0.535 4.38 1.892 0.860 11.00 3.042 1.095 17.63 3.871
0.543 4.50 1.920 0.865 11.13 3.060 1.099 17.75 3.885
0.551 4.63 1.947 0.870 11.25 3.077 1.102 17.88 3.899
0.558 4.75 1.974 0.875 11.38 3.095 1.106 18.00 3.913
0.566 4.88 2.001 0.880 11.50 3.112 1.110 18.13 3.927
0.573 5.00 2.027 0.885 11.63 3.129 1.114 18.25 3.941
0.581 5.13 2.054 0.890 11.75 3.146 1.118 18.38 3.954
0.588 5.25 2.079 0.894 11.88 3.164 1.122 18.50 3.968
0.595 5.38 2.105 0.899 12.00 3.181 1.126 18.63 3.982
0.602 5.50 2.130 0.904 12.13 3.198 1.130 18.75 3.995
0.609 5.63 2.155 0.909 12.25 3.214 1.134 18.88 4.009
0.616 5.75 2.179 0.914 12.38 3.231 1.137 19.00 4.022
0.623 5.88 2.204 0.918 12.50 3.248 1.141 19.13 4.036
0.630 6.00 2.228 0.923 12.63 3.264 1.145 19.25 4.049
0.637 6.13 2.251 0.928 12.75 3.281 1.149 19.38 4.063
0.643 6.25 2.275 0.932 12.88 3.297 1.152 19.50 4.076
0.650 6.38 2.298 0.937 13.00 3.314 1.156 19.63 4.089
0.656 6.50 2.321 0.941 13.13 3.330 1.160 19.75 4.103
0.663 6.63 2.344 0.946 13.25 3.346
79
700 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.122 0.13 0.318 1.002 6.75 2.603 1.422 13.38 3.695
0.178 0.25 0.462 1.011 6.88 2.628 1.429 13.50 3.713
0.221 0.38 0.574 1.021 7.00 2.652 1.436 13.63 3.730
0.257 0.50 0.669 1.030 7.13 2.676 1.442 13.75 3.748
0.290 0.63 0.753 1.039 7.25 2.700 1.449 13.88 3.765
0.319 0.75 0.829 1.048 7.38 2.724 1.456 14.00 3.782
0.346 0.88 0.899 1.058 7.50 2.748 1.462 14.13 3.800
0.371 1.00 0.965 1.067 7.63 2.771 1.469 14.25 3.817
0.395 1.13 1.027 1.075 7.75 2.795 1.475 14.38 3.834
0.418 1.25 1.085 1.084 7.88 2.818 1.482 14.50 3.851
0.439 1.38 1.140 1.093 8.00 2.840 1.488 14.63 3.868
0.459 1.50 1.194 1.102 8.13 2.863 1.495 14.75 3.884
0.479 1.63 1.245 1.111 8.25 2.886 1.501 14.88 3.901
0.498 1.75 1.294 1.119 8.38 2.908 1.508 15.00 3.918
0.516 1.88 1.341 1.128 8.50 2.930 1.514 15.13 3.935
0.534 2.00 1.387 1.136 8.63 2.952 1.521 15.25 3.951
0.551 2.13 1.432 1.145 8.75 2.974 1.527 15.38 3.968
0.568 2.25 1.475 1.153 8.88 2.996 1.533 15.50 3.984
0.584 2.38 1.517 1.161 9.00 3.017 1.540 15.63 4.000
0.600 2.50 1.558 1.169 9.13 3.039 1.546 15.75 4.017
0.615 2.63 1.598 1.178 9.25 3.060 1.552 15.88 4.033
0.630 2.75 1.637 1.186 9.38 3.081 1.558 16.00 4.049
0.645 2.88 1.675 1.194 9.50 3.102 1.564 16.13 4.065
0.659 3.00 1.713 1.202 9.63 3.123 1.571 16.25 4.081
0.673 3.13 1.749 1.210 9.75 3.144 1.577 16.38 4.097
0.687 3.25 1.785 1.218 9.88 3.164 1.583 16.50 4.113
0.701 3.38 1.821 1.226 10.00 3.185 1.589 16.63 4.129
0.714 3.50 1.855 1.233 10.13 3.205 1.595 16.75 4.145
0.727 3.63 1.889 1.241 10.25 3.225 1.601 16.88 4.160
0.740 3.75 1.923 1.249 10.38 3.245 1.607 17.00 4.176
0.753 3.88 1.955 1.257 10.50 3.265 1.613 17.13 4.192
0.765 4.00 1.988 1.264 10.63 3.285 1.619 17.25 4.207
0.777 4.13 2.020 1.272 10.75 3.305 1.625 17.38 4.223
0.789 4.25 2.051 1.279 10.88 3.324 1.631 17.50 4.238
0.801 4.38 2.082 1.287 11.00 3.344 1.637 17.63 4.254
0.813 4.50 2.113 1.294 11.13 3.363 1.643 17.75 4.269
0.825 4.63 2.143 1.302 11.25 3.382 1.649 17.88 4.284
0.836 4.75 2.172 1.309 11.38 3.402 1.655 18.00 4.300
0.847 4.88 2.202 1.316 11.50 3.421 1.661 18.13 4.315
0.858 5.00 2.231 1.324 11.63 3.440 1.666 18.25 4.330
0.869 5.13 2.259 1.331 11.75 3.459 1.672 18.38 4.345
0.880 5.25 2.287 1.338 11.88 3.477 1.678 18.50 4.360
0.891 5.38 2.315 1.345 12.00 3.496 1.684 18.63 4.375
0.902 5.50 2.343 1.353 12.13 3.515 1.689 18.75 4.390
0.912 5.63 2.370 1.360 12.25 3.533 1.695 18.88 4.405
0.922 5.75 2.397 1.367 12.38 3.551 1.701 19.00 4.420
0.933 5.88 2.424 1.374 12.50 3.570 1.707 19.13 4.434
0.943 6.00 2.450 1.381 12.63 3.588 1.712 19.25 4.449
0.953 6.13 2.476 1.388 12.75 3.606 1.718 19.38 4.464
0.963 6.25 2.502 1.395 12.88 3.624 1.724 19.50 4.479
0.973 6.38 2.528 1.402 13.00 3.642 1.729 19.63 4.493
0.983 6.50 2.553 1.408 13.13 3.660 1.735 19.75 4.508
0.992 6.63 2.578 1.415 13.25 3.678
80
800 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.174 0.13 0.347 1.420 6.75 2.826 2.015 13.38 4.009
0.253 0.25 0.503 1.434 6.88 2.852 2.025 13.50 4.028
0.314 0.38 0.625 1.447 7.00 2.879 2.034 13.63 4.047
0.366 0.50 0.728 1.460 7.13 2.905 2.044 13.75 4.066
0.412 0.63 0.819 1.473 7.25 2.931 2.053 13.88 4.085
0.454 0.75 0.902 1.486 7.38 2.957 2.063 14.00 4.103
0.492 0.88 0.978 1.499 7.50 2.983 2.072 14.13 4.122
0.528 1.00 1.050 1.512 7.63 3.008 2.081 14.25 4.141
0.561 1.13 1.116 1.525 7.75 3.033 2.091 14.38 4.159
0.593 1.25 1.180 1.537 7.88 3.058 2.100 14.50 4.178
0.623 1.38 1.240 1.550 8.00 3.083 2.109 14.63 4.196
0.652 1.50 1.298 1.562 8.13 3.107 2.118 14.75 4.214
0.680 1.63 1.353 1.574 8.25 3.132 2.127 14.88 4.232
0.707 1.75 1.406 1.586 8.38 3.156 2.136 15.00 4.250
0.733 1.88 1.458 1.598 8.50 3.180 2.145 15.13 4.268
0.758 2.00 1.508 1.610 8.63 3.204 2.155 15.25 4.286
0.782 2.13 1.556 1.622 8.75 3.228 2.163 15.38 4.304
0.806 2.25 1.603 1.634 8.88 3.251 2.172 15.50 4.322
0.829 2.38 1.648 1.646 9.00 3.275 2.181 15.63 4.340
0.851 2.50 1.693 1.658 9.13 3.298 2.190 15.75 4.357
0.873 2.63 1.736 1.669 9.25 3.321 2.199 15.88 4.375
0.894 2.75 1.779 1.681 9.38 3.344 2.208 16.00 4.392
0.915 2.88 1.820 1.692 9.50 3.366 2.217 16.13 4.410
0.935 3.00 1.861 1.703 9.63 3.389 2.225 16.25 4.427
0.955 3.13 1.900 1.715 9.75 3.411 2.234 16.38 4.444
0.975 3.25 1.939 1.726 9.88 3.434 2.243 16.50 4.462
0.994 3.38 1.977 1.737 10.00 3.456 2.251 16.63 4.479
1.013 3.50 2.015 1.748 10.13 3.478 2.260 16.75 4.496
1.031 3.63 2.052 1.759 10.25 3.500 2.269 16.88 4.513
1.050 3.75 2.088 1.770 10.38 3.521 2.277 17.00 4.530
1.068 3.88 2.124 1.781 10.50 3.543 2.286 17.13 4.547
1.085 4.00 2.159 1.792 10.63 3.565 2.294 17.25 4.564
1.103 4.13 2.193 1.802 10.75 3.586 2.302 17.38 4.581
1.120 4.25 2.227 1.813 10.88 3.607 2.311 17.50 4.597
1.136 4.38 2.261 1.824 11.00 3.628 2.319 17.63 4.614
1.153 4.50 2.294 1.834 11.13 3.649 2.328 17.75 4.631
1.169 4.63 2.327 1.845 11.25 3.670 2.336 17.88 4.647
1.186 4.75 2.359 1.855 11.38 3.691 2.344 18.00 4.664
1.202 4.88 2.391 1.866 11.50 3.712 2.353 18.13 4.680
1.217 5.00 2.422 1.876 11.63 3.732 2.361 18.25 4.697
1.233 5.13 2.453 1.886 11.75 3.753 2.369 18.38 4.713
1.248 5.25 2.483 1.896 11.88 3.773 2.377 18.50 4.729
1.264 5.38 2.514 1.907 12.00 3.793 2.385 18.63 4.745
1.279 5.50 2.544 1.917 12.13 3.813 2.393 18.75 4.762
1.293 5.63 2.573 1.927 12.25 3.833 2.402 18.88 4.778
1.308 5.75 2.602 1.937 12.38 3.853 2.410 19.00 4.794
1.323 5.88 2.631 1.947 12.50 3.873 2.418 19.13 4.810
1.337 6.00 2.660 1.957 12.63 3.893 2.426 19.25 4.826
1.351 6.13 2.688 1.967 12.75 3.912 2.434 19.38 4.842
1.365 6.25 2.716 1.976 12.88 3.932 2.442 19.50 4.858
1.379 6.38 2.744 1.986 13.00 3.951 2.450 19.63 4.873
1.393 6.50 2.772 1.996 13.13 3.971 2.458 19.75 4.889
1.407 6.63 2.799 2.006 13.25 3.990
81
900 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.238 0.13 0.374 1.932 6.75 3.037 2.740 13.38 4.307
0.345 0.25 0.543 1.950 6.88 3.066 2.753 13.50 4.327
0.429 0.38 0.674 1.968 7.00 3.094 2.766 13.63 4.348
0.499 0.50 0.785 1.986 7.13 3.122 2.779 13.75 4.368
0.562 0.63 0.883 2.004 7.25 3.150 2.792 13.88 4.388
0.618 0.75 0.972 2.022 7.38 3.178 2.804 14.00 4.408
0.670 0.88 1.054 2.039 7.50 3.205 2.817 14.13 4.428
0.719 1.00 1.130 2.056 7.63 3.233 2.830 14.25 4.448
0.765 1.13 1.202 2.074 7.75 3.260 2.842 14.38 4.468
0.808 1.25 1.270 2.091 7.88 3.286 2.855 14.50 4.488
0.849 1.38 1.335 2.108 8.00 3.313 2.867 14.63 4.507
0.888 1.50 1.397 2.124 8.13 3.339 2.880 14.75 4.527
0.926 1.63 1.456 2.141 8.25 3.366 2.892 14.88 4.546
0.963 1.75 1.513 2.158 8.38 3.391 2.905 15.00 4.566
0.998 1.88 1.569 2.174 8.50 3.417 2.917 15.13 4.585
1.032 2.00 1.622 2.190 8.63 3.443 2.929 15.25 4.604
1.065 2.13 1.674 2.206 8.75 3.468 2.941 15.38 4.623
1.097 2.25 1.724 2.222 8.88 3.494 2.953 15.50 4.643
1.128 2.38 1.773 2.238 9.00 3.519 2.966 15.63 4.662
1.158 2.50 1.821 2.254 9.13 3.543 2.978 15.75 4.680
1.188 2.63 1.868 2.270 9.25 3.568 2.990 15.88 4.699
1.217 2.75 1.913 2.286 9.38 3.593 3.002 16.00 4.718
1.245 2.88 1.958 2.301 9.50 3.617 3.013 16.13 4.737
1.273 3.00 2.001 2.317 9.63 3.641 3.025 16.25 4.756
1.300 3.13 2.044 2.332 9.75 3.665 3.037 16.38 4.774
1.327 3.25 2.085 2.347 9.88 3.689 3.049 16.50 4.793
1.353 3.38 2.127 2.362 10.00 3.713 3.061 16.63 4.811
1.378 3.50 2.167 2.377 10.13 3.737 3.072 16.75 4.829
1.404 3.63 2.206 2.392 10.25 3.760 3.084 16.88 4.848
1.428 3.75 2.245 2.407 10.38 3.784 3.096 17.00 4.866
1.453 3.88 2.284 2.422 10.50 3.807 3.107 17.13 4.884
1.477 4.00 2.321 2.436 10.63 3.830 3.119 17.25 4.902
1.500 4.13 2.358 2.451 10.75 3.853 3.130 17.38 4.920
1.523 4.25 2.395 2.466 10.88 3.876 3.142 17.50 4.938
1.546 4.38 2.431 2.480 11.00 3.898 3.153 17.63 4.956
1.569 4.50 2.466 2.494 11.13 3.921 3.164 17.75 4.974
1.591 4.63 2.501 2.509 11.25 3.943 3.176 17.88 4.992
1.613 4.75 2.536 2.523 11.38 3.965 3.187 18.00 5.009
1.635 4.88 2.570 2.537 11.50 3.988 3.198 18.13 5.027
1.656 5.00 2.604 2.551 11.63 4.010 3.209 18.25 5.045
1.677 5.13 2.637 2.565 11.75 4.032 3.220 18.38 5.062
1.698 5.25 2.670 2.579 11.88 4.053 3.232 18.50 5.080
1.719 5.38 2.702 2.592 12.00 4.075 3.243 18.63 5.097
1.739 5.50 2.734 2.606 12.13 4.097 3.254 18.75 5.114
1.760 5.63 2.766 2.620 12.25 4.118 3.265 18.88 5.132
1.780 5.75 2.797 2.633 12.38 4.140 3.276 19.00 5.149
1.799 5.88 2.828 2.647 12.50 4.161 3.287 19.13 5.166
1.819 6.00 2.859 2.660 12.63 4.182 3.297 19.25 5.183
1.838 6.13 2.889 2.674 12.75 4.203 3.308 19.38 5.200
1.857 6.25 2.919 2.687 12.88 4.224 3.319 19.50 5.217
1.876 6.38 2.949 2.700 13.00 4.245 3.330 19.63 5.234
1.895 6.50 2.979 2.714 13.13 4.266 3.341 19.75 5.251
1.914 6.63 3.008 2.727 13.25 4.286
82
1000 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.315 0.13 0.401 2.544 6.75 3.239 3.606 13.38 4.591
0.456 0.25 0.581 2.568 6.88 3.269 3.623 13.50 4.613
0.566 0.38 0.720 2.591 7.00 3.299 3.640 13.63 4.635
0.659 0.50 0.839 2.615 7.13 3.329 3.657 13.75 4.656
0.741 0.63 0.943 2.638 7.25 3.359 3.674 13.88 4.678
0.815 0.75 1.038 2.661 7.38 3.389 3.691 14.00 4.699
0.884 0.88 1.125 2.684 7.50 3.418 3.707 14.13 4.720
0.948 1.00 1.207 2.707 7.63 3.447 3.724 14.25 4.741
1.008 1.13 1.284 2.730 7.75 3.476 3.741 14.38 4.763
1.065 1.25 1.356 2.752 7.88 3.504 3.757 14.50 4.784
1.119 1.38 1.425 2.774 8.00 3.533 3.773 14.63 4.805
1.171 1.50 1.491 2.797 8.13 3.561 3.790 14.75 4.825
1.221 1.63 1.554 2.818 8.25 3.589 3.806 14.88 4.846
1.269 1.75 1.615 2.840 8.38 3.616 3.822 15.00 4.867
1.315 1.88 1.674 2.862 8.50 3.644 3.839 15.13 4.887
1.360 2.00 1.731 2.883 8.63 3.671 3.855 15.25 4.908
1.403 2.13 1.787 2.904 8.75 3.698 3.871 15.38 4.928
1.445 2.25 1.840 2.926 8.88 3.725 3.887 15.50 4.949
1.486 2.38 1.892 2.947 9.00 3.752 3.903 15.63 4.969
1.526 2.50 1.943 2.967 9.13 3.778 3.918 15.75 4.989
1.565 2.63 1.993 2.988 9.25 3.804 3.934 15.88 5.009
1.603 2.75 2.041 3.009 9.38 3.831 3.950 16.00 5.029
1.640 2.88 2.089 3.029 9.50 3.857 3.966 16.13 5.049
1.677 3.00 2.135 3.049 9.63 3.882 3.981 16.25 5.069
1.713 3.13 2.181 3.069 9.75 3.908 3.997 16.38 5.089
1.748 3.25 2.225 3.089 9.88 3.934 4.012 16.50 5.108
1.782 3.38 2.269 3.109 10.00 3.959 4.028 16.63 5.128
1.816 3.50 2.312 3.129 10.13 3.984 4.043 16.75 5.148
1.849 3.63 2.354 3.149 10.25 4.009 4.058 16.88 5.167
1.881 3.75 2.395 3.168 10.38 4.034 4.073 17.00 5.186
1.913 3.88 2.436 3.188 10.50 4.059 4.089 17.13 5.206
1.945 4.00 2.476 3.207 10.63 4.083 4.104 17.25 5.225
1.976 4.13 2.516 3.226 10.75 4.108 4.119 17.38 5.244
2.006 4.25 2.555 3.245 10.88 4.132 4.134 17.50 5.263
2.036 4.38 2.593 3.264 11.00 4.156 4.149 17.63 5.282
2.066 4.50 2.631 3.283 11.13 4.180 4.164 17.75 5.301
2.095 4.63 2.668 3.302 11.25 4.204 4.179 17.88 5.320
2.124 4.75 2.705 3.320 11.38 4.228 4.193 18.00 5.339
2.153 4.88 2.741 3.339 11.50 4.251 4.208 18.13 5.358
2.181 5.00 2.777 3.357 11.63 4.275 4.223 18.25 5.377
2.209 5.13 2.812 3.376 11.75 4.298 4.238 18.38 5.395
2.236 5.25 2.847 3.394 11.88 4.321 4.252 18.50 5.414
2.263 5.38 2.882 3.412 12.00 4.344 4.267 18.63 5.433
2.290 5.50 2.916 3.430 12.13 4.367 4.281 18.75 5.451
2.317 5.63 2.950 3.448 12.25 4.390 4.296 18.88 5.470
2.343 5.75 2.983 3.466 12.38 4.413 4.310 19.00 5.488
2.369 5.88 3.016 3.484 12.50 4.436 4.325 19.13 5.506
2.395 6.00 3.049 3.501 12.63 4.458 4.339 19.25 5.524
2.420 6.13 3.081 3.519 12.75 4.481 4.353 19.38 5.543
2.445 6.25 3.114 3.537 12.88 4.503 4.367 19.50 5.561
2.470 6.38 3.145 3.554 13.00 4.525 4.382 19.63 5.579
2.495 6.50 3.177 3.571 13.13 4.547 4.396 19.75 5.597
2.519 6.63 3.208 3.589 13.25 4.569
83
1100 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.102 0.01 0.108 2.885 5.31 3.035 4.108 10.61 4.323
0.378 0.11 0.398 2.912 5.41 3.065 4.128 10.71 4.344
0.534 0.21 0.562 2.940 5.51 3.093 4.147 10.81 4.364
0.657 0.31 0.692 2.967 5.61 3.122 4.167 10.91 4.385
0.762 0.41 0.802 2.994 5.71 3.150 4.186 11.01 4.405
0.855 0.51 0.900 3.021 5.81 3.179 4.206 11.11 4.425
0.940 0.61 0.989 3.047 5.91 3.206 4.225 11.21 4.446
1.017 0.71 1.071 3.074 6.01 3.234 4.244 11.31 4.466
1.090 0.81 1.147 3.100 6.11 3.262 4.263 11.41 4.486
1.159 0.91 1.219 3.125 6.21 3.289 4.282 11.51 4.506
1.223 1.01 1.287 3.151 6.31 3.316 4.301 11.61 4.526
1.285 1.11 1.352 3.177 6.41 3.343 4.320 11.71 4.546
1.344 1.21 1.415 3.202 6.51 3.369 4.339 11.81 4.565
1.401 1.31 1.474 3.227 6.61 3.395 4.357 11.91 4.585
1.456 1.41 1.532 3.252 6.71 3.422 4.376 12.01 4.604
1.508 1.51 1.587 3.276 6.81 3.448 4.394 12.11 4.624
1.559 1.61 1.641 3.301 6.91 3.473 4.413 12.21 4.643
1.609 1.71 1.693 3.325 7.01 3.499 4.431 12.31 4.663
1.657 1.81 1.744 3.349 7.11 3.524 4.449 12.41 4.682
1.704 1.91 1.793 3.373 7.21 3.550 4.468 12.51 4.701
1.749 2.01 1.841 3.397 7.31 3.575 4.486 12.61 4.720
1.794 2.11 1.888 3.421 7.41 3.600 4.504 12.71 4.739
1.837 2.21 1.933 3.444 7.51 3.624 4.522 12.81 4.758
1.880 2.31 1.978 3.468 7.61 3.649 4.540 12.91 4.777
1.922 2.41 2.022 3.491 7.71 3.673 4.557 13.01 4.796
1.962 2.51 2.065 3.514 7.81 3.698 4.575 13.11 4.814
2.002 2.61 2.107 3.537 7.91 3.722 4.593 13.21 4.833
2.041 2.71 2.148 3.560 8.01 3.746 4.611 13.31 4.852
2.080 2.81 2.189 3.582 8.11 3.769 4.628 13.41 4.870
2.118 2.91 2.228 3.605 8.21 3.793 4.646 13.51 4.889
2.155 3.01 2.268 3.627 8.31 3.817 4.663 13.61 4.907
2.192 3.11 2.306 3.649 8.41 3.840 4.681 13.71 4.925
2.228 3.21 2.344 3.671 8.51 3.863 4.698 13.81 4.943
2.263 3.31 2.381 3.693 8.61 3.886 4.715 13.91 4.962
2.298 3.41 2.418 3.715 8.71 3.909 4.732 14.01 4.980
2.332 3.51 2.454 3.737 8.81 3.932 4.749 14.11 4.998
2.366 3.61 2.490 3.758 8.91 3.955 4.767 14.21 5.016
2.400 3.71 2.525 3.780 9.01 3.977 4.784 14.31 5.034
2.433 3.81 2.560 3.801 9.11 4.000 4.801 14.41 5.051
2.465 3.91 2.594 3.822 9.21 4.022 4.817 14.51 5.069
2.498 4.01 2.628 3.843 9.31 4.044 4.834 14.61 5.087
2.529 4.11 2.662 3.864 9.41 4.066 4.851 14.71 5.105
2.561 4.21 2.695 3.885 9.51 4.088 4.868 14.81 5.122
2.592 4.31 2.727 3.906 9.61 4.110 4.884 14.91 5.140
2.623 4.41 2.760 3.927 9.71 4.132 4.901 15.01 5.157
2.653 4.51 2.792 3.947 9.81 4.154 4.918 15.11 5.175
2.683 4.61 2.823 3.968 9.91 4.175 4.934 15.21 5.192
2.713 4.71 2.854 3.988 10.01 4.197 4.951 15.31 5.209
2.742 4.81 2.885 4.008 10.11 4.218 4.967 15.41 5.227
2.771 4.91 2.916 4.029 10.21 4.239 4.983 15.51 5.244
2.800 5.01 2.946 4.049 10.31 4.260 5.000 15.61 5.261
2.828 5.11 2.976 4.069 10.41 4.281 5.016 15.71 5.278
2.857 5.21 3.006 4.088 10.51 4.302
84
1200 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.129 0.01 0.114 3.620 5.31 3.200 5.153 10.61 4.556
0.476 0.11 0.421 3.654 5.41 3.231 5.178 10.71 4.578
0.672 0.21 0.594 3.689 5.51 3.262 5.202 10.81 4.600
0.827 0.31 0.731 3.723 5.61 3.292 5.227 10.91 4.622
0.958 0.41 0.847 3.757 5.71 3.322 5.251 11.01 4.643
1.075 0.51 0.950 3.790 5.81 3.351 5.275 11.11 4.665
1.181 0.61 1.044 3.823 5.91 3.381 5.300 11.21 4.686
1.278 0.71 1.130 3.856 6.01 3.410 5.324 11.31 4.707
1.370 0.81 1.211 3.889 6.11 3.439 5.347 11.41 4.728
1.455 0.91 1.287 3.921 6.21 3.467 5.371 11.51 4.749
1.537 1.01 1.359 3.954 6.31 3.496 5.395 11.61 4.770
1.614 1.11 1.427 3.985 6.41 3.524 5.418 11.71 4.791
1.688 1.21 1.493 4.017 6.51 3.552 5.442 11.81 4.812
1.759 1.31 1.556 4.049 6.61 3.580 5.465 11.91 4.832
1.828 1.41 1.616 4.080 6.71 3.607 5.489 12.01 4.853
1.894 1.51 1.675 4.111 6.81 3.635 5.512 12.11 4.874
1.958 1.61 1.731 4.141 6.91 3.662 5.535 12.21 4.894
2.020 1.71 1.786 4.172 7.01 3.689 5.558 12.31 4.914
2.081 1.81 1.840 4.202 7.11 3.716 5.581 12.41 4.935
2.139 1.91 1.891 4.232 7.21 3.742 5.604 12.51 4.955
2.196 2.01 1.942 4.262 7.31 3.768 5.626 12.61 4.975
2.252 2.11 1.991 4.292 7.41 3.795 5.649 12.71 4.995
2.307 2.21 2.040 4.321 7.51 3.821 5.672 12.81 5.015
2.360 2.31 2.087 4.350 7.61 3.847 5.694 12.91 5.035
2.412 2.41 2.133 4.380 7.71 3.872 5.716 13.01 5.054
2.463 2.51 2.178 4.408 7.81 3.898 5.739 13.11 5.074
2.513 2.61 2.222 4.437 7.91 3.923 5.761 13.21 5.094
2.563 2.71 2.266 4.466 8.01 3.948 5.783 13.31 5.113
2.611 2.81 2.308 4.494 8.11 3.974 5.805 13.41 5.133
2.658 2.91 2.350 4.522 8.21 3.998 5.827 13.51 5.152
2.705 3.01 2.392 4.550 8.31 4.023 5.849 13.61 5.172
2.751 3.11 2.432 4.578 8.41 4.048 5.871 13.71 5.191
2.796 3.21 2.472 4.606 8.51 4.072 5.892 13.81 5.210
2.840 3.31 2.511 4.633 8.61 4.097 5.914 13.91 5.229
2.884 3.41 2.550 4.661 8.71 4.121 5.936 14.01 5.248
2.927 3.51 2.588 4.688 8.81 4.145 5.957 14.11 5.267
2.970 3.61 2.626 4.715 8.91 4.169 5.978 14.21 5.286
3.012 3.71 2.663 4.742 9.01 4.193 6.000 14.31 5.305
3.053 3.81 2.700 4.768 9.11 4.216 6.021 14.41 5.324
3.094 3.91 2.736 4.795 9.21 4.240 6.042 14.51 5.343
3.135 4.01 2.772 4.821 9.31 4.263 6.063 14.61 5.361
3.174 4.11 2.807 4.848 9.41 4.286 6.084 14.71 5.380
3.214 4.21 2.842 4.874 9.51 4.310 6.105 14.81 5.398
3.253 4.31 2.876 4.900 9.61 4.333 6.126 14.91 5.417
3.291 4.41 2.910 4.926 9.71 4.355 6.147 15.01 5.435
3.329 4.51 2.944 4.952 9.81 4.378 6.168 15.11 5.454
3.367 4.61 2.977 4.977 9.91 4.401 6.189 15.21 5.472
3.404 4.71 3.010 5.003 10.01 4.423 6.209 15.31 5.490
3.441 4.81 3.042 5.028 10.11 4.446 6.230 15.41 5.508
3.477 4.91 3.075 5.053 10.21 4.468 6.250 15.51 5.526
3.513 5.01 3.107 5.079 10.31 4.490 6.271 15.61 5.544
3.549 5.11 3.138 5.104 10.41 4.513 6.291 15.71 5.562
3.585 5.21 3.169 5.128 10.51 4.535
85
1300 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.144 0.01 0.117 4.026 5.31 3.281 5.731 10.61 4.670
0.530 0.11 0.432 4.065 5.41 3.312 5.759 10.71 4.693
0.749 0.21 0.610 4.103 5.51 3.343 5.786 10.81 4.715
0.920 0.31 0.750 4.141 5.61 3.374 5.813 10.91 4.737
1.067 0.41 0.869 4.179 5.71 3.405 5.840 11.01 4.759
1.196 0.51 0.975 4.216 5.81 3.435 5.867 11.11 4.781
1.314 0.61 1.071 4.253 5.91 3.465 5.894 11.21 4.803
1.423 0.71 1.159 4.289 6.01 3.495 5.921 11.31 4.824
1.524 0.81 1.242 4.326 6.11 3.525 5.947 11.41 4.846
1.620 0.91 1.320 4.362 6.21 3.554 5.974 11.51 4.868
1.710 1.01 1.394 4.397 6.31 3.583 6.000 11.61 4.889
1.796 1.11 1.464 4.433 6.41 3.612 6.026 11.71 4.910
1.879 1.21 1.531 4.468 6.51 3.641 6.052 11.81 4.932
1.958 1.31 1.595 4.503 6.61 3.669 6.078 11.91 4.953
2.034 1.41 1.657 4.538 6.71 3.698 6.104 12.01 4.974
2.108 1.51 1.717 4.572 6.81 3.726 6.130 12.11 4.995
2.179 1.61 1.775 4.606 6.91 3.753 6.156 12.21 5.016
2.248 1.71 1.832 4.640 7.01 3.781 6.181 12.31 5.037
2.315 1.81 1.886 4.674 7.11 3.809 6.207 12.41 5.058
2.380 1.91 1.939 4.707 7.21 3.836 6.232 12.51 5.078
2.444 2.01 1.991 4.740 7.31 3.863 6.257 12.61 5.099
2.506 2.11 2.042 4.773 7.41 3.890 6.282 12.71 5.119
2.566 2.21 2.091 4.806 7.51 3.916 6.307 12.81 5.140
2.626 2.31 2.140 4.839 7.61 3.943 6.332 12.91 5.160
2.684 2.41 2.187 4.871 7.71 3.969 6.357 13.01 5.180
2.740 2.51 2.233 4.903 7.81 3.995 6.382 13.11 5.201
2.796 2.61 2.279 4.935 7.91 4.021 6.407 13.21 5.221
2.851 2.71 2.323 4.967 8.01 4.047 6.431 13.31 5.241
2.905 2.81 2.367 4.998 8.11 4.073 6.456 13.41 5.261
2.957 2.91 2.410 5.030 8.21 4.098 6.480 13.51 5.281
3.009 3.01 2.452 5.061 8.31 4.124 6.505 13.61 5.300
3.060 3.11 2.494 5.092 8.41 4.149 6.529 13.71 5.320
3.110 3.21 2.535 5.122 8.51 4.174 6.553 13.81 5.340
3.160 3.31 2.575 5.153 8.61 4.199 6.577 13.91 5.359
3.208 3.41 2.614 5.183 8.71 4.224 6.601 14.01 5.379
3.256 3.51 2.654 5.214 8.81 4.248 6.625 14.11 5.398
3.304 3.61 2.692 5.244 8.91 4.273 6.649 14.21 5.418
3.350 3.71 2.730 5.274 9.01 4.297 6.672 14.31 5.437
3.396 3.81 2.768 5.303 9.11 4.322 6.696 14.41 5.456
3.442 3.91 2.805 5.333 9.21 4.346 6.720 14.51 5.476
3.487 4.01 2.841 5.362 9.31 4.370 6.743 14.61 5.495
3.531 4.11 2.877 5.392 9.41 4.393 6.766 14.71 5.514
3.575 4.21 2.913 5.421 9.51 4.417 6.790 14.81 5.533
3.618 4.31 2.948 5.450 9.61 4.441 6.813 14.91 5.552
3.661 4.41 2.983 5.478 9.71 4.464 6.836 15.01 5.571
3.703 4.51 3.018 5.507 9.81 4.488 6.859 15.11 5.589
3.745 4.61 3.052 5.536 9.91 4.511 6.882 15.21 5.608
3.787 4.71 3.086 5.564 10.01 4.534 6.905 15.31 5.627
3.827 4.81 3.119 5.592 10.11 4.557 6.928 15.41 5.645
3.868 4.91 3.152 5.620 10.21 4.580 6.951 15.51 5.664
3.908 5.01 3.185 5.648 10.31 4.603 6.973 15.61 5.682
3.948 5.11 3.217 5.676 10.41 4.625 6.996 15.71 5.701
3.987 5.21 3.249 5.704 10.51 4.648
86
1400 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.195 0.01 0.126 3.796 2.66 2.466 5.410 5.31 3.514
0.516 0.06 0.335 3.832 2.71 2.489 5.436 5.36 3.531
0.715 0.11 0.464 3.868 2.76 2.513 5.461 5.41 3.548
0.873 0.16 0.567 3.904 2.81 2.536 5.487 5.46 3.565
1.009 0.21 0.655 3.940 2.86 2.559 5.513 5.51 3.581
1.130 0.26 0.734 3.975 2.91 2.582 5.538 5.56 3.598
1.240 0.31 0.805 4.010 2.96 2.605 5.564 5.61 3.614
1.341 0.36 0.871 4.045 3.01 2.627 5.589 5.66 3.631
1.436 0.41 0.933 4.079 3.06 2.650 5.614 5.71 3.647
1.526 0.46 0.991 4.113 3.11 2.672 5.639 5.76 3.663
1.611 0.51 1.046 4.147 3.16 2.694 5.664 5.81 3.679
1.691 0.56 1.099 4.180 3.21 2.716 5.689 5.86 3.696
1.769 0.61 1.149 4.214 3.26 2.737 5.714 5.91 3.712
1.843 0.66 1.197 4.247 3.31 2.759 5.738 5.96 3.728
1.915 0.71 1.244 4.280 3.36 2.780 5.763 6.01 3.744
1.984 0.76 1.289 4.312 3.41 2.801 5.787 6.06 3.759
2.051 0.81 1.332 4.345 3.46 2.822 5.812 6.11 3.775
2.116 0.86 1.375 4.377 3.51 2.843 5.836 6.16 3.791
2.179 0.91 1.416 4.408 3.56 2.864 5.860 6.21 3.807
2.241 0.96 1.456 4.440 3.61 2.884 5.884 6.26 3.822
2.301 1.01 1.495 4.472 3.66 2.905 5.908 6.31 3.838
2.359 1.06 1.533 4.503 3.71 2.925 5.932 6.36 3.853
2.416 1.11 1.570 4.534 3.76 2.945 5.955 6.41 3.869
2.472 1.16 1.606 4.565 3.81 2.965 5.979 6.46 3.884
2.527 1.21 1.642 4.595 3.86 2.985 6.003 6.51 3.899
2.581 1.26 1.676 4.626 3.91 3.005 6.026 6.56 3.915
2.633 1.31 1.711 4.656 3.96 3.024 6.049 6.61 3.930
2.685 1.36 1.744 4.686 4.01 3.044 6.073 6.66 3.945
2.736 1.41 1.777 4.716 4.06 3.063 6.096 6.71 3.960
2.785 1.46 1.809 4.745 4.11 3.083 6.119 6.76 3.975
2.834 1.51 1.841 4.775 4.16 3.102 6.142 6.81 3.990
2.883 1.56 1.873 4.804 4.21 3.121 6.165 6.86 4.005
2.930 1.61 1.903 4.833 4.26 3.140 6.188 6.91 4.020
2.977 1.66 1.934 4.862 4.31 3.158 6.211 6.96 4.035
3.023 1.71 1.964 4.891 4.36 3.177 6.233 7.01 4.049
3.068 1.76 1.993 4.920 4.41 3.196 6.256 7.06 4.064
3.113 1.81 2.022 4.948 4.46 3.214 6.279 7.11 4.079
3.157 1.86 2.051 4.976 4.51 3.233 6.301 7.16 4.093
3.200 1.91 2.079 5.004 4.56 3.251 6.324 7.21 4.108
3.243 1.96 2.107 5.032 4.61 3.269 6.346 7.26 4.122
3.286 2.01 2.134 5.060 4.66 3.287 6.368 7.31 4.137
3.328 2.06 2.162 5.088 4.71 3.305 6.390 7.36 4.151
3.369 2.11 2.189 5.116 4.76 3.323 6.412 7.41 4.166
3.410 2.16 2.215 5.143 4.81 3.341 6.434 7.46 4.180
3.450 2.21 2.241 5.170 4.86 3.359 6.456 7.51 4.194
3.490 2.26 2.267 5.197 4.91 3.376 6.478 7.56 4.208
3.530 2.31 2.293 5.224 4.96 3.394 6.500 7.61 4.222
3.569 2.36 2.318 5.251 5.01 3.411 6.522 7.66 4.237
3.608 2.41 2.344 5.278 5.06 3.429 6.543 7.71 4.251
3.646 2.46 2.369 5.305 5.11 3.446 6.565 7.76 4.265
3.684 2.51 2.393 5.331 5.16 3.463 6.586 7.81 4.279
3.722 2.56 2.418 5.357 5.21 3.480 6.608 7.86 4.293
3.759 2.61 2.442 5.384 5.26 3.497
87
1500 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.234 0.01 0.132 4.544 2.66 2.572 6.475 5.31 3.664
0.620 0.06 0.351 4.588 2.71 2.596 6.506 5.36 3.681
0.857 0.11 0.485 4.631 2.76 2.621 6.537 5.41 3.699
1.047 0.16 0.592 4.674 2.81 2.645 6.567 5.46 3.716
1.209 0.21 0.684 4.717 2.86 2.669 6.598 5.51 3.734
1.354 0.26 0.766 4.759 2.91 2.693 6.629 5.56 3.751
1.486 0.31 0.841 4.801 2.96 2.717 6.659 5.61 3.768
1.607 0.36 0.910 4.842 3.01 2.740 6.689 5.66 3.785
1.721 0.41 0.974 4.883 3.06 2.763 6.719 5.71 3.802
1.828 0.46 1.035 4.924 3.11 2.786 6.749 5.76 3.819
1.930 0.51 1.092 4.964 3.16 2.809 6.779 5.81 3.836
2.027 0.56 1.147 5.005 3.21 2.832 6.809 5.86 3.853
2.119 0.61 1.199 5.044 3.26 2.855 6.838 5.91 3.870
2.208 0.66 1.250 5.084 3.31 2.877 6.868 5.96 3.886
2.294 0.71 1.298 5.123 3.36 2.899 6.897 6.01 3.903
2.377 0.76 1.345 5.162 3.41 2.921 6.926 6.06 3.919
2.457 0.81 1.390 5.201 3.46 2.943 6.955 6.11 3.936
2.535 0.86 1.435 5.239 3.51 2.965 6.984 6.16 3.952
2.611 0.91 1.477 5.277 3.56 2.986 7.013 6.21 3.969
2.684 0.96 1.519 5.315 3.61 3.008 7.042 6.26 3.985
2.756 1.01 1.560 5.353 3.66 3.029 7.071 6.31 4.001
2.826 1.06 1.599 5.390 3.71 3.050 7.099 6.36 4.017
2.894 1.11 1.638 5.427 3.76 3.071 7.127 6.41 4.033
2.961 1.16 1.676 5.464 3.81 3.092 7.156 6.46 4.049
3.027 1.21 1.713 5.500 3.86 3.113 7.184 6.51 4.065
3.091 1.26 1.749 5.537 3.91 3.133 7.212 6.56 4.081
3.154 1.31 1.785 5.573 3.96 3.154 7.240 6.61 4.097
3.215 1.36 1.820 5.609 4.01 3.174 7.268 6.66 4.113
3.276 1.41 1.854 5.645 4.06 3.194 7.296 6.71 4.128
3.336 1.46 1.888 5.680 4.11 3.214 7.323 6.76 4.144
3.394 1.51 1.921 5.715 4.16 3.234 7.351 6.81 4.160
3.452 1.56 1.953 5.750 4.21 3.254 7.378 6.86 4.175
3.509 1.61 1.985 5.785 4.26 3.274 7.406 6.91 4.191
3.564 1.66 2.017 5.820 4.31 3.293 7.433 6.96 4.206
3.620 1.71 2.048 5.854 4.36 3.313 7.460 7.01 4.221
3.674 1.76 2.079 5.888 4.41 3.332 7.487 7.06 4.237
3.727 1.81 2.109 5.923 4.46 3.351 7.514 7.11 4.252
3.780 1.86 2.139 5.956 4.51 3.371 7.541 7.16 4.267
3.832 1.91 2.168 5.990 4.56 3.390 7.568 7.21 4.282
3.883 1.96 2.198 6.024 4.61 3.409 7.594 7.26 4.298
3.934 2.01 2.226 6.057 4.66 3.427 7.621 7.31 4.313
3.984 2.06 2.255 6.090 4.71 3.446 7.647 7.36 4.328
4.034 2.11 2.283 6.123 4.76 3.465 7.674 7.41 4.343
4.083 2.16 2.310 6.156 4.81 3.483 7.700 7.46 4.357
4.131 2.21 2.338 6.188 4.86 3.502 7.726 7.51 4.372
4.179 2.26 2.365 6.221 4.91 3.520 7.753 7.56 4.387
4.226 2.31 2.392 6.253 4.96 3.539 7.779 7.61 4.402
4.273 2.36 2.418 6.285 5.01 3.557 7.805 7.66 4.417
4.319 2.41 2.444 6.317 5.06 3.575 7.831 7.71 4.431
4.365 2.46 2.470 6.349 5.11 3.593 7.856 7.76 4.446
4.411 2.51 2.496 6.381 5.16 3.611 7.882 7.81 4.460
4.456 2.56 2.521 6.412 5.21 3.629 7.908 7.86 4.475
4.500 2.61 2.547 6.443 5.26 3.646
88
1600 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.278 0.01 0.138 5.377 2.66 2.674 7.659 5.31 3.810
0.735 0.06 0.365 5.429 2.71 2.700 7.696 5.36 3.828
1.016 0.11 0.506 5.480 2.76 2.726 7.733 5.41 3.846
1.241 0.16 0.617 5.531 2.81 2.751 7.769 5.46 3.864
1.433 0.21 0.713 5.581 2.86 2.776 7.805 5.51 3.882
1.604 0.26 0.798 5.631 2.91 2.801 7.841 5.56 3.900
1.760 0.31 0.875 5.680 2.96 2.825 7.877 5.61 3.918
1.904 0.36 0.947 5.729 3.01 2.850 7.913 5.66 3.936
2.039 0.41 1.014 5.778 3.06 2.874 7.949 5.71 3.953
2.165 0.46 1.077 5.826 3.11 2.898 7.984 5.76 3.971
2.286 0.51 1.137 5.874 3.16 2.921 8.019 5.81 3.988
2.400 0.56 1.194 5.921 3.21 2.945 8.054 5.86 4.006
2.510 0.61 1.248 5.968 3.26 2.968 8.089 5.91 4.023
2.615 0.66 1.301 6.015 3.31 2.992 8.124 5.96 4.041
2.716 0.71 1.351 6.062 3.36 3.015 8.159 6.01 4.058
2.814 0.76 1.400 6.108 3.41 3.038 8.193 6.06 4.075
2.909 0.81 1.447 6.153 3.46 3.060 8.228 6.11 4.092
3.001 0.86 1.493 6.199 3.51 3.083 8.262 6.16 4.109
3.091 0.91 1.537 6.244 3.56 3.105 8.296 6.21 4.126
3.178 0.96 1.580 6.289 3.61 3.128 8.330 6.26 4.143
3.263 1.01 1.623 6.333 3.66 3.150 8.364 6.31 4.160
3.345 1.06 1.664 6.377 3.71 3.172 8.398 6.36 4.177
3.426 1.11 1.704 6.421 3.76 3.194 8.431 6.41 4.193
3.505 1.16 1.743 6.464 3.81 3.215 8.465 6.46 4.210
3.583 1.21 1.782 6.508 3.86 3.237 8.498 6.51 4.227
3.659 1.26 1.820 6.551 3.91 3.258 8.531 6.56 4.243
3.733 1.31 1.857 6.593 3.96 3.279 8.564 6.61 4.259
3.806 1.36 1.893 6.636 4.01 3.300 8.597 6.66 4.276
3.878 1.41 1.929 6.678 4.06 3.321 8.630 6.71 4.292
3.948 1.46 1.964 6.720 4.11 3.342 8.663 6.76 4.308
4.017 1.51 1.998 6.762 4.16 3.363 8.695 6.81 4.325
4.086 1.56 2.032 6.803 4.21 3.384 8.728 6.86 4.341
4.153 1.61 2.065 6.844 4.26 3.404 8.760 6.91 4.357
4.219 1.66 2.098 6.885 4.31 3.424 8.792 6.96 4.373
4.284 1.71 2.131 6.926 4.36 3.445 8.824 7.01 4.389
4.348 1.76 2.162 6.966 4.41 3.465 8.856 7.06 4.405
4.411 1.81 2.194 7.007 4.46 3.485 8.888 7.11 4.421
4.474 1.86 2.225 7.047 4.51 3.505 8.920 7.16 4.436
4.535 1.91 2.256 7.087 4.56 3.525 8.952 7.21 4.452
4.596 1.96 2.286 7.126 4.61 3.544 8.983 7.26 4.468
4.656 2.01 2.316 7.166 4.66 3.564 9.015 7.31 4.483
4.715 2.06 2.345 7.205 4.71 3.583 9.046 7.36 4.499
4.774 2.11 2.374 7.244 4.76 3.603 9.077 7.41 4.515
4.832 2.16 2.403 7.282 4.81 3.622 9.108 7.46 4.530
4.889 2.21 2.431 7.321 4.86 3.641 9.139 7.51 4.546
4.945 2.26 2.460 7.359 4.91 3.660 9.170 7.56 4.561
5.001 2.31 2.487 7.397 4.96 3.679 9.201 7.61 4.576
5.057 2.36 2.515 7.435 5.01 3.698 9.232 7.66 4.591
5.111 2.41 2.542 7.473 5.06 3.717 9.262 7.71 4.607
5.166 2.46 2.569 7.511 5.11 3.736 9.293 7.76 4.622
5.219 2.51 2.596 7.548 5.16 3.754 9.323 7.81 4.637
5.272 2.56 2.622 7.586 5.21 3.773 9.354 7.86 4.652
5.325 2.61 2.648 7.623 5.26 3.791
89
1800 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.380 0.01 0.149 7.309 2.66 2.872 10.407 5.31 4.090
1.003 0.06 0.394 7.379 2.71 2.900 10.457 5.36 4.109
1.386 0.11 0.545 7.449 2.76 2.927 10.506 5.41 4.129
1.691 0.16 0.665 7.518 2.81 2.954 10.556 5.46 4.148
1.953 0.21 0.767 7.586 2.86 2.981 10.605 5.51 4.167
2.185 0.26 0.859 7.654 2.91 3.008 10.654 5.56 4.187
2.397 0.31 0.942 7.721 2.96 3.034 10.703 5.61 4.206
2.593 0.36 1.019 7.787 3.01 3.060 10.751 5.66 4.225
2.776 0.41 1.091 7.853 3.06 3.086 10.799 5.71 4.244
2.948 0.46 1.158 7.919 3.11 3.112 10.847 5.76 4.263
3.111 0.51 1.223 7.984 3.16 3.137 10.895 5.81 4.282
3.267 0.56 1.284 8.048 3.21 3.163 10.943 5.86 4.300
3.416 0.61 1.342 8.112 3.26 3.188 10.990 5.91 4.319
3.559 0.66 1.398 8.175 3.31 3.213 11.038 5.96 4.337
3.696 0.71 1.453 8.238 3.36 3.237 11.085 6.01 4.356
3.830 0.76 1.505 8.301 3.41 3.262 11.131 6.06 4.374
3.958 0.81 1.556 8.363 3.46 3.286 11.178 6.11 4.393
4.083 0.86 1.605 8.424 3.51 3.311 11.225 6.16 4.411
4.205 0.91 1.652 8.486 3.56 3.335 11.271 6.21 4.429
4.323 0.96 1.699 8.546 3.61 3.358 11.317 6.26 4.447
4.438 1.01 1.744 8.607 3.66 3.382 11.363 6.31 4.465
4.551 1.06 1.788 8.666 3.71 3.406 11.409 6.36 4.483
4.661 1.11 1.831 8.726 3.76 3.429 11.454 6.41 4.501
4.768 1.16 1.874 8.785 3.81 3.452 11.500 6.46 4.519
4.873 1.21 1.915 8.844 3.86 3.475 11.545 6.51 4.537
4.976 1.26 1.955 8.902 3.91 3.498 11.590 6.56 4.555
5.077 1.31 1.995 8.960 3.96 3.521 11.635 6.61 4.572
5.176 1.36 2.034 9.018 4.01 3.544 11.679 6.66 4.590
5.274 1.41 2.072 9.075 4.06 3.566 11.724 6.71 4.607
5.369 1.46 2.110 9.132 4.11 3.589 11.768 6.76 4.625
5.463 1.51 2.147 9.188 4.16 3.611 11.813 6.81 4.642
5.556 1.56 2.183 9.245 4.21 3.633 11.857 6.86 4.659
5.647 1.61 2.219 9.301 4.26 3.655 11.900 6.91 4.677
5.737 1.66 2.254 9.356 4.31 3.677 11.944 6.96 4.694
5.825 1.71 2.289 9.411 4.36 3.698 11.988 7.01 4.711
5.912 1.76 2.323 9.466 4.41 3.720 12.031 7.06 4.728
5.998 1.81 2.357 9.521 4.46 3.742 12.074 7.11 4.745
6.083 1.86 2.390 9.575 4.51 3.763 12.118 7.16 4.762
6.166 1.91 2.423 9.629 4.56 3.784 12.161 7.21 4.779
6.249 1.96 2.456 9.683 4.61 3.805 12.203 7.26 4.796
6.330 2.01 2.488 9.737 4.66 3.826 12.246 7.31 4.812
6.410 2.06 2.519 9.790 4.71 3.847 12.289 7.36 4.829
6.490 2.11 2.550 9.843 4.76 3.868 12.331 7.41 4.846
6.569 2.16 2.581 9.895 4.81 3.889 12.373 7.46 4.862
6.646 2.21 2.612 9.948 4.86 3.909 12.415 7.51 4.879
6.723 2.26 2.642 10.000 4.91 3.930 12.457 7.56 4.895
6.799 2.31 2.672 10.051 4.96 3.950 12.499 7.61 4.912
6.874 2.36 2.701 10.103 5.01 3.970 12.541 7.66 4.928
6.948 2.41 2.731 10.154 5.06 3.990 12.582 7.71 4.944
7.022 2.46 2.759 10.205 5.11 4.010 12.624 7.76 4.961
7.095 2.51 2.788 10.256 5.16 4.030 12.665 7.81 4.977
7.167 2.56 2.816 10.307 5.21 4.050 12.706 7.86 4.993
7.239 2.61 2.845 10.357 5.26 4.070
90
2000 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.502 0.01 0.160 9.617 2.66 3.061 13.688 5.31 4.357
1.324 0.06 0.421 9.709 2.71 3.091 13.753 5.36 4.378
1.829 0.11 0.582 9.801 2.76 3.120 13.818 5.41 4.399
2.230 0.16 0.710 9.891 2.81 3.148 13.883 5.46 4.419
2.575 0.21 0.820 9.981 2.86 3.177 13.948 5.51 4.440
2.881 0.26 0.917 10.070 2.91 3.205 14.012 5.56 4.460
3.160 0.31 1.006 10.158 2.96 3.233 14.076 5.61 4.481
3.417 0.36 1.088 10.245 3.01 3.261 14.140 5.66 4.501
3.657 0.41 1.164 10.332 3.06 3.289 14.203 5.71 4.521
3.884 0.46 1.236 10.418 3.11 3.316 14.267 5.76 4.541
4.099 0.51 1.305 10.503 3.16 3.343 14.329 5.81 4.561
4.303 0.56 1.370 10.588 3.21 3.370 14.392 5.86 4.581
4.499 0.61 1.432 10.672 3.26 3.397 14.454 5.91 4.601
4.687 0.66 1.492 10.755 3.31 3.424 14.516 5.96 4.621
4.868 0.71 1.550 10.838 3.36 3.450 14.578 6.01 4.640
5.043 0.76 1.605 10.920 3.41 3.476 14.640 6.06 4.660
5.213 0.81 1.659 11.002 3.46 3.502 14.701 6.11 4.680
5.377 0.86 1.712 11.083 3.51 3.528 14.762 6.16 4.699
5.537 0.91 1.762 11.163 3.56 3.553 14.823 6.21 4.718
5.692 0.96 1.812 11.243 3.61 3.579 14.884 6.26 4.738
5.844 1.01 1.860 11.322 3.66 3.604 14.944 6.31 4.757
5.991 1.06 1.907 11.401 3.71 3.629 15.004 6.36 4.776
6.136 1.11 1.953 11.479 3.76 3.654 15.064 6.41 4.795
6.277 1.16 1.998 11.557 3.81 3.679 15.124 6.46 4.814
6.415 1.21 2.042 11.634 3.86 3.703 15.183 6.51 4.833
6.551 1.26 2.085 11.711 3.91 3.728 15.242 6.56 4.852
6.683 1.31 2.127 11.787 3.96 3.752 15.301 6.61 4.870
6.814 1.36 2.169 11.862 4.01 3.776 15.360 6.66 4.889
6.942 1.41 2.210 11.938 4.06 3.800 15.418 6.71 4.908
7.068 1.46 2.250 12.012 4.11 3.824 15.477 6.76 4.926
7.191 1.51 2.289 12.087 4.16 3.847 15.535 6.81 4.945
7.313 1.56 2.328 12.161 4.21 3.871 15.593 6.86 4.963
7.432 1.61 2.366 12.234 4.26 3.894 15.650 6.91 4.982
7.550 1.66 2.403 12.307 4.31 3.917 15.708 6.96 5.000
7.666 1.71 2.440 12.380 4.36 3.941 15.765 7.01 5.018
7.781 1.76 2.477 12.452 4.41 3.964 15.822 7.06 5.036
7.894 1.81 2.513 12.524 4.46 3.986 15.879 7.11 5.054
8.005 1.86 2.548 12.595 4.51 4.009 15.936 7.16 5.072
8.115 1.91 2.583 12.666 4.56 4.032 15.992 7.21 5.090
8.223 1.96 2.618 12.737 4.61 4.054 16.048 7.26 5.108
8.330 2.01 2.652 12.807 4.66 4.077 16.104 7.31 5.126
8.436 2.06 2.685 12.877 4.71 4.099 16.160 7.36 5.144
8.541 2.11 2.719 12.946 4.76 4.121 16.216 7.41 5.162
8.644 2.16 2.751 13.015 4.81 4.143 16.271 7.46 5.179
8.746 2.21 2.784 13.084 4.86 4.165 16.327 7.51 5.197
8.847 2.26 2.816 13.153 4.91 4.187 16.382 7.56 5.214
8.947 2.31 2.848 13.221 4.96 4.208 16.437 7.61 5.232
9.045 2.36 2.879 13.288 5.01 4.230 16.491 7.66 5.249
9.143 2.41 2.910 13.356 5.06 4.251 16.546 7.71 5.267
9.240 2.46 2.941 13.423 5.11 4.273 16.600 7.76 5.284
9.336 2.51 2.972 13.490 5.16 4.294 16.655 7.81 5.301
9.430 2.56 3.002 13.556 5.21 4.315 16.709 7.86 5.319
9.524 2.61 3.032 13.622 5.26 4.336
91
2200 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.443 0.005 0.116 12.313 2.655 3.239 17.528 5.305 4.611
1.624 0.055 0.427 12.432 2.705 3.270 17.612 5.355 4.633
2.292 0.105 0.603 12.549 2.755 3.301 17.695 5.405 4.655
2.817 0.155 0.741 12.664 2.805 3.332 17.778 5.455 4.677
3.264 0.205 0.859 12.779 2.855 3.362 17.861 5.505 4.699
3.661 0.255 0.963 12.893 2.905 3.392 17.943 5.555 4.720
4.021 0.305 1.058 13.006 2.955 3.422 18.025 5.605 4.742
4.353 0.355 1.145 13.118 3.005 3.451 18.107 5.655 4.763
4.663 0.405 1.227 13.229 3.055 3.480 18.188 5.705 4.785
4.955 0.455 1.304 13.340 3.105 3.509 18.269 5.755 4.806
5.232 0.505 1.376 13.449 3.155 3.538 18.349 5.805 4.827
5.495 0.555 1.446 13.557 3.205 3.566 18.430 5.855 4.848
5.747 0.605 1.512 13.665 3.255 3.595 18.509 5.905 4.869
5.989 0.655 1.575 13.772 3.305 3.623 18.589 5.955 4.890
6.222 0.705 1.637 13.878 3.355 3.651 18.668 6.005 4.911
6.447 0.755 1.696 13.983 3.405 3.678 18.747 6.055 4.932
6.664 0.805 1.753 14.087 3.455 3.706 18.826 6.105 4.952
6.875 0.855 1.809 14.191 3.505 3.733 18.904 6.155 4.973
7.080 0.905 1.863 14.294 3.555 3.760 18.982 6.205 4.993
7.280 0.955 1.915 14.396 3.605 3.787 19.059 6.255 5.014
7.474 1.005 1.966 14.498 3.655 3.814 19.136 6.305 5.034
7.664 1.055 2.016 14.599 3.705 3.840 19.213 6.355 5.054
7.849 1.105 2.065 14.699 3.755 3.867 19.290 6.405 5.075
8.031 1.155 2.113 14.798 3.805 3.893 19.366 6.455 5.095
8.208 1.205 2.159 14.897 3.855 3.919 19.443 6.505 5.115
8.382 1.255 2.205 14.995 3.905 3.945 19.518 6.555 5.135
8.552 1.305 2.250 15.093 3.955 3.970 19.594 6.605 5.154
8.719 1.355 2.294 15.190 4.005 3.996 19.669 6.655 5.174
8.883 1.405 2.337 15.286 4.055 4.021 19.744 6.705 5.194
9.045 1.455 2.379 15.382 4.105 4.046 19.819 6.755 5.214
9.203 1.505 2.421 15.477 4.155 4.072 19.893 6.805 5.233
9.359 1.555 2.462 15.572 4.205 4.096 19.967 6.855 5.253
9.513 1.605 2.502 15.666 4.255 4.121 20.041 6.905 5.272
9.664 1.655 2.542 15.759 4.305 4.146 20.114 6.955 5.291
9.813 1.705 2.581 15.852 4.355 4.170 20.188 7.005 5.311
9.960 1.755 2.620 15.945 4.405 4.195 20.261 7.055 5.330
10.104 1.805 2.658 16.037 4.455 4.219 20.334 7.105 5.349
10.247 1.855 2.696 16.128 4.505 4.243 20.406 7.155 5.368
10.388 1.905 2.733 16.219 4.555 4.267 20.478 7.205 5.387
10.527 1.955 2.769 16.310 4.605 4.291 20.550 7.255 5.406
10.664 2.005 2.805 16.400 4.655 4.314 20.622 7.305 5.425
10.800 2.055 2.841 16.489 4.705 4.338 20.694 7.355 5.444
10.933 2.105 2.876 16.578 4.755 4.361 20.765 7.405 5.463
11.066 2.155 2.911 16.667 4.805 4.384 20.836 7.455 5.481
11.197 2.205 2.945 16.755 4.855 4.408 20.907 7.505 5.500
11.326 2.255 2.979 16.842 4.905 4.431 20.978 7.555 5.518
11.454 2.305 3.013 16.929 4.955 4.454 21.048 7.605 5.537
11.581 2.355 3.046 17.016 5.005 4.476 21.118 7.655 5.555
11.706 2.405 3.079 17.103 5.055 4.499 21.188 7.705 5.574
11.830 2.455 3.112 17.188 5.105 4.522 21.258 7.755 5.592
11.952 2.505 3.144 17.274 5.155 4.544 21.327 7.805 5.610
12.074 2.555 3.176 17.359 5.205 4.567 21.396 7.855 5.629
12.194 2.605 3.208 17.444 5.255 4.589
92
2400 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.558 0.005 0.123 15.442 2.655 3.413 21.974 5.305 4.857
2.042 0.055 0.451 15.590 2.705 3.446 22.079 5.355 4.881
2.880 0.105 0.637 15.736 2.755 3.478 22.184 5.405 4.904
3.539 0.155 0.782 15.881 2.805 3.511 22.288 5.455 4.927
4.100 0.205 0.906 16.025 2.855 3.542 22.392 5.505 4.950
4.597 0.255 1.016 16.168 2.905 3.574 22.495 5.555 4.972
5.049 0.305 1.116 16.310 2.955 3.605 22.597 5.605 4.995
5.466 0.355 1.208 16.450 3.005 3.636 22.700 5.655 5.018
5.855 0.405 1.294 16.589 3.055 3.667 22.801 5.705 5.040
6.220 0.455 1.375 16.727 3.105 3.698 22.903 5.755 5.063
6.567 0.505 1.452 16.864 3.155 3.728 23.004 5.805 5.085
6.897 0.555 1.525 17.000 3.205 3.758 23.104 5.855 5.107
7.213 0.605 1.594 17.135 3.255 3.788 23.204 5.905 5.129
7.516 0.655 1.661 17.269 3.305 3.817 23.304 5.955 5.151
7.808 0.705 1.726 17.401 3.355 3.847 23.403 6.005 5.173
8.090 0.755 1.788 17.533 3.405 3.876 23.502 6.055 5.195
8.363 0.805 1.849 17.664 3.455 3.905 23.600 6.105 5.217
8.627 0.855 1.907 17.794 3.505 3.933 23.698 6.155 5.238
8.884 0.905 1.964 17.923 3.555 3.962 23.796 6.205 5.260
9.134 0.955 2.019 18.051 3.605 3.990 23.893 6.255 5.281
9.378 1.005 2.073 18.178 3.655 4.018 23.990 6.305 5.303
9.616 1.055 2.126 18.305 3.705 4.046 24.086 6.355 5.324
9.848 1.105 2.177 18.430 3.755 4.074 24.182 6.405 5.345
10.075 1.155 2.227 18.555 3.805 4.101 24.278 6.455 5.367
10.297 1.205 2.276 18.679 3.855 4.129 24.373 6.505 5.388
10.515 1.255 2.324 18.802 3.905 4.156 24.468 6.555 5.409
10.729 1.305 2.372 18.924 3.955 4.183 24.562 6.605 5.429
10.938 1.355 2.418 19.045 4.005 4.210 24.657 6.655 5.450
11.144 1.405 2.463 19.166 4.055 4.237 24.751 6.705 5.471
11.346 1.455 2.508 19.286 4.105 4.263 24.844 6.755 5.492
11.545 1.505 2.552 19.405 4.155 4.290 24.937 6.805 5.512
11.740 1.555 2.595 19.524 4.205 4.316 25.030 6.855 5.533
11.932 1.605 2.638 19.642 4.255 4.342 25.123 6.905 5.553
12.122 1.655 2.680 19.759 4.305 4.368 25.215 6.955 5.574
12.308 1.705 2.721 19.875 4.355 4.393 25.307 7.005 5.594
12.492 1.755 2.761 19.991 4.405 4.419 25.398 7.055 5.614
12.674 1.805 2.801 20.107 4.455 4.445 25.489 7.105 5.634
12.852 1.855 2.841 20.221 4.505 4.470 25.580 7.155 5.654
13.029 1.905 2.880 20.335 4.555 4.495 25.671 7.205 5.674
13.203 1.955 2.919 20.448 4.605 4.520 25.761 7.255 5.694
13.375 2.005 2.957 20.561 4.655 4.545 25.851 7.305 5.714
13.545 2.055 2.994 20.673 4.705 4.570 25.940 7.355 5.734
13.713 2.105 3.031 20.785 4.755 4.594 26.030 7.405 5.754
13.878 2.155 3.068 20.895 4.805 4.619 26.119 7.455 5.773
14.042 2.205 3.104 21.006 4.855 4.643 26.207 7.505 5.793
14.204 2.255 3.140 21.116 4.905 4.668 26.296 7.555 5.813
14.365 2.305 3.175 21.225 4.955 4.692 26.384 7.605 5.832
14.523 2.355 3.210 21.333 5.005 4.716 26.472 7.655 5.852
14.680 2.405 3.245 21.442 5.055 4.740 26.559 7.705 5.871
14.836 2.455 3.279 21.549 5.105 4.763 26.647 7.755 5.890
14.989 2.505 3.313 21.656 5.155 4.787 26.734 7.805 5.909
15.142 2.555 3.347 21.763 5.205 4.811 26.820 7.855 5.929
15.292 2.605 3.380 21.869 5.255 4.834
93
2500 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
0.622 0.005 0.127 17.171 2.655 3.498 24.432 5.305 4.977
2.274 0.055 0.463 17.336 2.705 3.532 24.549 5.355 5.001
3.206 0.105 0.653 17.499 2.755 3.565 24.665 5.405 5.025
3.939 0.155 0.802 17.660 2.805 3.598 24.781 5.455 5.048
4.563 0.205 0.929 17.820 2.855 3.630 24.896 5.505 5.072
5.116 0.255 1.042 17.979 2.905 3.663 25.011 5.555 5.095
5.618 0.305 1.144 18.136 2.955 3.695 25.125 5.605 5.118
6.081 0.355 1.239 18.292 3.005 3.726 25.239 5.655 5.142
6.514 0.405 1.327 18.447 3.055 3.758 25.352 5.705 5.165
6.921 0.455 1.410 18.600 3.105 3.789 25.464 5.755 5.188
7.306 0.505 1.488 18.752 3.155 3.820 25.576 5.805 5.210
7.673 0.555 1.563 18.903 3.205 3.851 25.688 5.855 5.233
8.024 0.605 1.635 19.053 3.255 3.881 25.799 5.905 5.256
8.361 0.655 1.703 19.202 3.305 3.912 25.910 5.955 5.278
8.686 0.705 1.769 19.350 3.355 3.942 26.020 6.005 5.301
8.999 0.755 1.833 19.496 3.405 3.972 26.130 6.055 5.323
9.302 0.805 1.895 19.641 3.455 4.001 26.239 6.105 5.345
9.596 0.855 1.955 19.786 3.505 4.031 26.348 6.155 5.368
9.882 0.905 2.013 19.929 3.555 4.060 26.457 6.205 5.390
10.160 0.955 2.070 20.072 3.605 4.089 26.565 6.255 5.412
10.431 1.005 2.125 20.213 3.655 4.118 26.672 6.305 5.434
10.695 1.055 2.179 20.353 3.705 4.146 26.779 6.355 5.455
10.953 1.105 2.231 20.493 3.755 4.175 26.886 6.405 5.477
11.206 1.155 2.283 20.631 3.805 4.203 26.993 6.455 5.499
11.453 1.205 2.333 20.769 3.855 4.231 27.098 6.505 5.520
11.695 1.255 2.383 20.906 3.905 4.259 27.204 6.555 5.542
11.932 1.305 2.431 21.042 3.955 4.287 27.309 6.605 5.563
12.165 1.355 2.478 21.177 4.005 4.314 27.414 6.655 5.585
12.394 1.405 2.525 21.311 4.055 4.341 27.518 6.705 5.606
12.619 1.455 2.571 21.444 4.105 4.369 27.622 6.755 5.627
12.840 1.505 2.616 21.577 4.155 4.396 27.726 6.805 5.648
13.057 1.555 2.660 21.709 4.205 4.422 27.829 6.855 5.669
13.271 1.605 2.703 21.840 4.255 4.449 27.932 6.905 5.690
13.481 1.655 2.746 21.970 4.305 4.476 28.034 6.955 5.711
13.688 1.705 2.789 22.100 4.355 4.502 28.136 7.005 5.732
13.893 1.755 2.830 22.228 4.405 4.528 28.238 7.055 5.753
14.094 1.805 2.871 22.356 4.455 4.554 28.339 7.105 5.773
14.293 1.855 2.912 22.484 4.505 4.580 28.440 7.155 5.794
14.489 1.905 2.952 22.610 4.555 4.606 28.541 7.205 5.814
14.683 1.955 2.991 22.736 4.605 4.632 28.641 7.255 5.835
14.874 2.005 3.030 22.861 4.655 4.657 28.741 7.305 5.855
15.063 2.055 3.069 22.986 4.705 4.683 28.841 7.355 5.875
15.249 2.105 3.107 23.110 4.755 4.708 28.940 7.405 5.896
15.434 2.155 3.144 23.233 4.805 4.733 29.039 7.455 5.916
15.616 2.205 3.181 23.356 4.855 4.758 29.137 7.505 5.936
15.796 2.255 3.218 23.478 4.905 4.783 29.236 7.555 5.956
15.974 2.305 3.254 23.599 4.955 4.808 29.334 7.605 5.976
16.151 2.355 3.290 23.720 5.005 4.832 29.431 7.655 5.996
16.325 2.405 3.326 23.840 5.055 4.857 29.529 7.705 6.016
16.498 2.455 3.361 23.960 5.105 4.881 29.626 7.755 6.035
16.668 2.505 3.396 24.079 5.155 4.905 29.722 7.805 6.055
16.838 2.555 3.430 24.197 5.205 4.929 29.819 7.855 6.075
17.005 2.605 3.464 24.315 5.255 4.953
94
2800 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
m3/s m3/s
mm/m mm/m
m/s m3/s m3/s
mm/m mm/m
m/s m3/s mm/m m/s
Ø 500
0.840 0.005 0.136 23.054 2.655 3.744 32.791
0.587 5.305
13.25 5.325
2.991
0.073
3.063 0.055
0.25 0.371
0.497 23.275 2.705 3.780 32.948
0.593 5.355
13.50 5.351
3.020
0.106
4.317 0.105
0.50 0.539
0.701 23.493 2.755 3.815 33.104
0.598 5.405
13.75 5.376
3.048
0.131
5.300 0.155
0.75 0.669
0.861 23.710 2.805 3.851 33.259
0.604 5.455
14.00 5.401
3.076
0.153
6.138 0.205
1.00 0.779
0.997 23.925 2.855 3.885 33.413
0.610 5.505
14.25 5.426
3.104
0.172
6.881 0.255
1.25 0.877
1.117 24.137 2.905 3.920 33.567
0.615 5.555
14.50 5.451
3.132
0.189
7.555 0.305
1.50 0.965
1.227 24.348 2.955 3.954 33.720
0.620 5.605
14.75 5.476
3.160
0.205
8.177 0.355
1.75 1.047
1.328 24.557 3.005 3.988 33.872
0.626 5.655
15.00 5.501
3.187
0.220
8.758 0.405
2.00 1.123
1.422 24.765 3.055 4.022 34.024
0.631 5.705
15.25 5.526
3.214
0.234
9.304 0.455
2.25 1.194
1.511 24.971 3.105 4.055 34.175
0.636 5.755
15.50 5.550
3.241
0.248
9.821 0.505
2.50 1.262
1.595 25.175 3.155 4.088 34.326
0.642 5.805
15.75 5.575
3.268
10.313
0.260 0.555
2.75 1.675
1.326 25.377 3.205 4.121 34.475
0.647 5.855
16.00 5.599
3.294
10.784
0.272 0.605
3.00 1.751
1.388 25.578 3.255 4.154 34.624
0.652 5.905
16.25 5.623
3.320
11.237
0.284 0.655
3.25 1.825
1.447 25.778 3.305 4.186 34.773
0.657 5.955
16.50 5.647
3.346
11.672
0.295 0.705
3.50 1.896
1.504 25.976 3.355 4.219 34.921
0.662 6.005
16.75 5.671
3.372
12.093
0.306 0.755
3.75 1.964
1.559 26.172 3.405 4.250 35.068
0.667 6.055
17.00 5.695
3.398
12.499
0.317 0.805
4.00 2.030
1.612 26.367 3.455 4.282 35.214
0.672 6.105
17.25 5.719
3.423
12.894
0.327 0.855
4.25 2.094
1.664 26.561 3.505 4.314 35.360
0.677 6.155
17.50 5.743
3.449
13.277
0.336 0.905
4.50 2.156
1.714 26.753 3.555 4.345 35.506
0.682 6.205
17.75 5.766
3.474
13.650
0.346 0.955
4.75 2.217
1.762 26.944 3.605 4.376 35.651
0.687 6.255
18.00 5.790
3.499
14.014
0.355 1.005
5.00 2.276
1.810 27.133 3.655 4.407 35.795
0.692 6.305
18.25 5.813
3.523
14.368
0.364 1.055
5.25 2.333
1.856 27.322 3.705 4.437 35.939
0.697 6.355
18.50 5.837
3.548
14.715
0.373 1.105
5.50 2.390
1.902 27.509 3.755 4.468 36.082
0.701 6.405
18.75 5.860
3.572
15.053
0.382 1.155
5.75 2.445
1.946 27.695 3.805 4.498 36.224
0.706 6.455
19.00 5.883
3.597
15.385
0.391 1.205
6.00 2.499
1.989 27.879 3.855 4.528 36.366
0.711 6.505
19.25 5.906
3.621
15.710
0.399 1.255
6.25 2.551
2.031 28.063 3.905 4.557 36.508
0.716 6.555
19.50 5.929
3.645
16.028
0.407 1.305
6.50 2.603
2.073 28.245 3.955 4.587 36.649
0.720 6.605
19.75 5.952
3.669
16.340
0.415 1.355
6.75 2.654
2.114 28.426 4.005 4.616 36.789
0.725 6.655
20.00 5.975
3.692
16.647
0.423 1.405
7.00 2.704
2.154 28.606 4.055 4.646 36.929
0.730 6.705
20.25 5.997
3.716
16.948
0.431 1.455
7.25 2.752
2.193 28.785 4.105 4.675 37.069
0.734 6.755
20.50 6.020
3.739
17.245
0.438 1.505
7.50 2.801
2.232 28.963 4.155 4.704 37.207
0.739 6.805
20.75 6.043
3.762
17.536
0.446 1.555
7.75 2.848
2.270 29.139 4.205 4.732 37.346
0.743 6.855
21.00 6.065
3.785
17.823
0.453 1.605
8.00 2.894
2.308 29.315 4.255 4.761 37.484
0.748 6.905
21.25 6.087
3.808
18.105
0.460 1.655
8.25 2.940
2.344 29.490 4.305 4.789 37.621
0.752 6.955
21.50 6.110
3.831
18.383
0.467 1.705
8.50 2.986
2.381 29.663 4.355 4.817 37.758
0.757 7.005
21.75 6.132
3.854
18.657
0.474 1.755
8.75 3.030
2.417 29.836 4.405 4.845 37.894
0.761 7.055
22.00 6.154
3.876
18.928
0.481 1.805
9.00 3.074
2.452 30.008 4.455 4.873 38.030
0.766 7.105
22.25 6.176
3.899
19.194
0.488 1.855
9.25 3.117
2.487 30.178 4.505 4.901 38.165
0.770 7.155
22.50 6.198
3.921
19.457
0.495 1.905
9.50 3.160
2.521 30.348 4.555 4.929 38.300
0.774 7.205
22.75 6.220
3.943
19.717
0.502 1.955
9.75 3.202
2.555 30.517 4.605 4.956 38.435
0.779 7.255
23.00 6.242
3.965
19.973
0.508 2.005
10.00 3.244
2.588 30.685 4.655 4.983 38.569
0.783 7.305
23.25 6.264
3.987
20.227
0.515 2.055
10.25 3.285
2.621 30.852 4.705 5.010 38.702
0.787 7.355
23.50 6.285
4.009
20.477
0.521 2.105
10.50 3.325
2.654 31.018 4.755 5.037 38.835
0.791 7.405
23.75 6.307
4.031
20.724
0.527 2.155
10.75 3.366
2.686 31.183 4.805 5.064 38.968
0.796 7.455
24.00 6.329
4.052
20.968
0.534 2.205
11.00 3.405
2.718 31.348 4.855 5.091 39.100
0.800 7.505
24.25 6.350
4.074
21.210
0.540 2.255
11.25 3.445
2.750 31.512 4.905 5.118 39.232
0.804 7.555
24.50 6.371
4.095
21.449
0.546 2.305
11.50 3.483
2.781 31.674 4.955 5.144 39.363
0.808 7.605
24.75 6.393
4.116
21.685
0.552 2.355
11.75 3.522
2.812 31.836 5.005 5.170 39.494
0.812 7.655
25.00 6.414
4.137
21.919
0.558 2.405
12.00 3.560
2.843 31.997 5.055 5.196 39.625
0.817 7.705
25.25 6.435
4.158
22.151
0.564 2.455
12.25 3.597
2.873 32.158 5.105 5.223 39.755
0.821 7.755
25.50 6.456
4.179
22.380
0.570 2.505
12.50 3.635
2.903 32.317 5.155 5.248 39.885
0.825 7.805
25.75 6.477
4.200
22.607
0.576 2.555
12.75 3.671
2.932 32.476 5.205 5.274 40.014
0.829 7.855
26.00 6.498
4.221
22.832
0.582 2.605
13.00 3.708
2.962 32.634 5.255 5.300 0.833 26.25 4.242
95
3000 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
3.490 0.050 0.494 12.631 0.580 1.787 17.651 1.110 2.497
3.846 0.060 0.544 12.743 0.590 1.803 17.732 1.120 2.509
4.174 0.070 0.590 12.855 0.600 1.819 17.813 1.130 2.520
4.480 0.080 0.634 12.965 0.610 1.834 17.894 1.140 2.532
4.768 0.090 0.675 13.074 0.620 1.850 17.975 1.150 2.543
5.041 0.100 0.713 13.183 0.630 1.865 18.055 1.160 2.554
5.301 0.110 0.750 13.291 0.640 1.880 18.135 1.170 2.566
5.550 0.120 0.785 13.397 0.650 1.895 18.214 1.180 2.577
5.789 0.130 0.819 13.504 0.660 1.910 18.293 1.190 2.588
6.019 0.140 0.851 13.609 0.670 1.925 18.372 1.200 2.599
6.241 0.150 0.883 13.713 0.680 1.940 18.450 1.210 2.610
6.456 0.160 0.913 13.817 0.690 1.955 18.528 1.220 2.621
6.665 0.170 0.943 13.920 0.700 1.969 18.606 1.230 2.632
6.868 0.180 0.972 14.022 0.710 1.984 18.684 1.240 2.643
7.065 0.190 1.000 14.124 0.720 1.998 18.761 1.250 2.654
7.258 0.200 1.027 14.225 0.730 2.012 18.838 1.260 2.665
7.446 0.210 1.053 14.325 0.740 2.027 18.914 1.270 2.676
7.629 0.220 1.079 14.425 0.750 2.041 18.991 1.280 2.687
7.808 0.230 1.105 14.524 0.760 2.055 19.067 1.290 2.697
7.984 0.240 1.130 14.622 0.770 2.069 19.142 1.300 2.708
8.156 0.250 1.154 14.719 0.780 2.082 19.218 1.310 2.719
8.325 0.260 1.178 14.816 0.790 2.096 19.293 1.320 2.729
8.491 0.270 1.201 14.913 0.800 2.110 19.368 1.330 2.740
8.653 0.280 1.224 15.009 0.810 2.123 19.442 1.340 2.751
8.813 0.290 1.247 15.104 0.820 2.137 19.517 1.350 2.761
8.970 0.300 1.269 15.199 0.830 2.150 19.591 1.360 2.772
9.125 0.310 1.291 15.293 0.840 2.163 19.664 1.370 2.782
9.277 0.320 1.312 15.386 0.850 2.177 19.738 1.380 2.792
9.427 0.330 1.334 15.479 0.860 2.190 19.811 1.390 2.803
9.574 0.340 1.354 15.572 0.870 2.203 19.884 1.400 2.813
9.720 0.350 1.375 15.664 0.880 2.216 19.957 1.410 2.823
9.863 0.360 1.395 15.755 0.890 2.229 20.029 1.420 2.834
10.005 0.370 1.415 15.846 0.900 2.242 20.101 1.430 2.844
10.144 0.380 1.435 15.936 0.910 2.255 20.173 1.440 2.854
10.282 0.390 1.455 16.026 0.920 2.267 20.245 1.450 2.864
10.418 0.400 1.474 16.116 0.930 2.280 20.316 1.460 2.874
10.553 0.410 1.493 16.205 0.940 2.292 20.388 1.470 2.884
10.686 0.420 1.512 16.293 0.950 2.305 20.459 1.480 2.894
10.817 0.430 1.530 16.381 0.960 2.317 20.529 1.490 2.904
10.947 0.440 1.549 16.469 0.970 2.330 20.600 1.500 2.914
11.075 0.450 1.567 16.556 0.980 2.342 20.670 1.510 2.924
11.202 0.460 1.585 16.642 0.990 2.354 20.740 1.520 2.934
11.328 0.470 1.603 16.729 1.000 2.367 20.810 1.530 2.944
11.452 0.480 1.620 16.815 1.010 2.379 20.879 1.540 2.954
11.575 0.490 1.638 16.900 1.020 2.391 20.949 1.550 2.964
11.697 0.500 1.655 16.985 1.030 2.403 21.018 1.560 2.973
11.818 0.510 1.672 17.070 1.040 2.415 21.087 1.570 2.983
11.937 0.520 1.689 17.154 1.050 2.427 21.155 1.580 2.993
12.055 0.530 1.705 17.238 1.060 2.439 21.224 1.590 3.003
12.173 0.540 1.722 17.321 1.070 2.450 21.292 1.600 3.012
12.289 0.550 1.739 17.404 1.080 2.462 21.360 1.610 3.022
12.404 0.560 1.755 17.487 1.090 2.474 21.428 1.620 3.031
12.518 0.570 1.771 17.569 1.100 2.485
96
3200 mm diameter
Q I V Q I V Q I V
4.135 0.050 0.514 14.945 0.580 1.858 20.879 1.110 2.596
4.556 0.060 0.566 15.078 0.590 1.875 20.975 1.120 2.608
4.944 0.070 0.615 15.209 0.600 1.891 21.071 1.130 2.620
5.306 0.080 0.660 15.340 0.610 1.907 21.166 1.140 2.632
5.647 0.090 0.702 15.469 0.620 1.923 21.261 1.150 2.644
5.970 0.100 0.742 15.597 0.630 1.939 21.356 1.160 2.655
6.278 0.110 0.781 15.725 0.640 1.955 21.450 1.170 2.667
6.572 0.120 0.817 15.851 0.650 1.971 21.544 1.180 2.679
6.855 0.130 0.852 15.976 0.660 1.987 21.638 1.190 2.690
7.127 0.140 0.886 16.101 0.670 2.002 21.731 1.200 2.702
7.390 0.150 0.919 16.225 0.680 2.017 21.824 1.210 2.714
7.644 0.160 0.950 16.347 0.690 2.033 21.916 1.220 2.725
7.891 0.170 0.981 16.469 0.700 2.048 22.008 1.230 2.736
8.131 0.180 1.011 16.590 0.710 2.063 22.100 1.240 2.748
8.365 0.190 1.040 16.710 0.720 2.078 22.191 1.250 2.759
8.592 0.200 1.068 16.829 0.730 2.093 22.282 1.260 2.770
8.814 0.210 1.096 16.948 0.740 2.107 22.372 1.270 2.782
9.031 0.220 1.123 17.065 0.750 2.122 22.462 1.280 2.793
9.243 0.230 1.149 17.182 0.760 2.136 22.552 1.290 2.804
9.451 0.240 1.175 17.298 0.770 2.151 22.642 1.300 2.815
9.654 0.250 1.200 17.414 0.780 2.165 22.731 1.310 2.826
9.854 0.260 1.225 17.528 0.790 2.179 22.820 1.320 2.837
10.050 0.270 1.250 17.642 0.800 2.194 22.908 1.330 2.848
10.242 0.280 1.273 17.756 0.810 2.208 22.996 1.340 2.859
10.431 0.290 1.297 17.868 0.820 2.222 23.084 1.350 2.870
10.617 0.300 1.320 17.980 0.830 2.236 23.171 1.360 2.881
10.800 0.310 1.343 18.091 0.840 2.249 23.259 1.370 2.892
10.979 0.320 1.365 18.202 0.850 2.263 23.345 1.380 2.903
11.157 0.330 1.387 18.312 0.860 2.277 23.432 1.390 2.914
11.331 0.340 1.409 18.421 0.870 2.290 23.518 1.400 2.924
11.503 0.350 1.430 18.530 0.880 2.304 23.604 1.410 2.935
11.673 0.360 1.451 18.638 0.890 2.317 23.690 1.420 2.946
11.840 0.370 1.472 18.745 0.900 2.331 23.775 1.430 2.956
12.005 0.380 1.493 18.852 0.910 2.344 23.860 1.440 2.967
12.168 0.390 1.513 18.958 0.920 2.357 23.945 1.450 2.977
12.329 0.400 1.533 19.064 0.930 2.370 24.029 1.460 2.988
12.488 0.410 1.553 19.169 0.940 2.383 24.113 1.470 2.998
12.645 0.420 1.572 19.274 0.950 2.396 24.197 1.480 3.009
12.800 0.430 1.592 19.378 0.960 2.409 24.281 1.490 3.019
12.954 0.440 1.611 19.481 0.970 2.422 24.364 1.500 3.029
13.106 0.450 1.630 19.584 0.980 2.435 24.447 1.510 3.040
13.256 0.460 1.648 19.687 0.990 2.448 24.530 1.520 3.050
13.404 0.470 1.667 19.789 1.000 2.461 24.612 1.530 3.060
13.551 0.480 1.685 19.890 1.010 2.473 24.695 1.540 3.071
13.697 0.490 1.703 19.991 1.020 2.486 24.776 1.550 3.081
13.841 0.500 1.721 20.092 1.030 2.498 24.858 1.560 3.091
13.983 0.510 1.739 20.192 1.040 2.511 24.940 1.570 3.101
14.125 0.520 1.756 20.291 1.050 2.523 25.021 1.580 3.111
14.264 0.530 1.774 20.390 1.060 2.535 25.102 1.590 3.121
14.403 0.540 1.791 20.489 1.070 2.548 25.182 1.600 3.131
14.540 0.550 1.808 20.587 1.080 2.560 25.263 1.610 3.141
14.676 0.560 1.825 20.685 1.090 2.572 25.343 1.620 3.151
14.811 0.570 1.842 20.782 1.100 2.584
97

03 Guide RCCP p56-p97 Hydraulic Dimensioning

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03 Guide RCCP p56-p97 Hydraulic Dimensioning

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3/ dimensionnement hydraulique 12/02/04 17:57 Page 55

2 Resistance to abrasion of BONNA

1.1 Pressurised pipelines

General expression of the head-loss in a pipeline (DARCY formula)

1.1 Pressurised pipelines

Calculation chart for Head-loss in pressurised pipelines: COLEBROOK formula

Using the calculation chart: principle

Local head-losses in pressurised pipelines

Determining the coefficient K according to the nature of the singular point

Nature of singular point Value of K and expression of head-loss ∆P

Value of K’ for certain diameters:

D (mm) 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

1.1 Pressurised pipelines

Nature of singular point Value of K and expression of head-loss ∆P

Based on FLEIGNER’s formula

If the outlet element has sharp angles:

If the outlet is made using a well-rounded connection:

For an inlet with sharp angles without a transition reducer:

1.2 Open channel flow pipelines

“Instruction Technique relative à l’Assainissement des Agglomérations” formulas

Waste water discharge networks:

1.2 Open channel flow pipelines

Singular head-losses in open channel flow pipelines

Flow-rate of partially full circular pipelines

1.2 Open channel flow pipelines

Instructions for use

Dotted line example

Partial filling in circular cross-section

General behaviour of the concrete material to abrasion

Sand Gravel Cement Water

BONNA SABLA steel cylinder reinforced concrete pipes

Materials Internal lining Common range of Thickness of lining depending on

In accordance with European Standard EN 805, we have:

Standardised names Common names

MDP Maximum Design Maximum operating pressure of mains MWP =

STP Maximum Hydrostatic pressure applied to a newly FTP =

PFA Acceptable Maximum hydrostatic pressure

PMA Maximum Maximum pressure including water hammer

PEA Acceptable Maximum hydrostatic pressure which

OP Operating Internal pressure at a given moment at a PF=

SP Service Internal pressure at the point of connection PS =

Where: Di = Pipe Internal diameter (in m)

Specific cases of submerged pipelines

Expression of wave velocity:

on average and as an initial approximation, we can take the following values:

Expression of ALLIEVI and MICHAUD formulas

Application to the specific case of closing of a valve

"Sudden" operation of a valve "Slow" operation of a valve

Protection apparatus Description of the system Areas of use

The BONNA steel cylinder pipe Vacuum conditions

7.1 Self-anchoring of BONNA steel cylinder pipes

F = PS F = hydraulic force due to pressure

7.2 Length of pipe necessary for anchoring

Vertical earth pressure

Lateral earth pressure

Own weight of pipe and water contained therein

7.2 Length of pipe necessary for anchoring

• For cast steel cylinder pipes: f = tg ( 2 ϕ )

7.3 Anchorage thrust concrete block

The block anchors the pipeline if:

And the following table:

Where V = average flow velocity in m/s

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