IOT BASED ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM

Abstract

Recent surveys states that, the increase in vehicles speed is one of the major constraints for the causes of
road accidents. In this project, we mainly focus on the systems implemented in order to avoid collisions.
In this system avoidance of collision is achieved by designing an automatic obstacle alerts in voice
format. By our proposed solution the collisions due to rash driving and the driver’s alcohol
consumption state can be detected. These both can be achieved by monitoring the surrounding with the
help of ultrasonic sensor and alcohol sensor. The rash driving is determined by the ultrasonic sensor and
similarly the alcohol detection of the driver is determined by the MQ3 sensor, then it will atomically play
the voice alerts. The proposed system also equipped with crash sensor and accelerometer sensors to
detect the accidents then, the vehicles GPS coordinates will generate and SMS will be sent to the nearest
police station, hospital and family members respectively. Mainly our proposed idea will help the
driver when he pays less attention to the driving.
I.INTRODUCTION
In the present scenario, the numbers of accidents happening in our surroundings are
increasing day by day. This is becoming a great challenge for the people living in the country.
The day begins with the newspaper that which at least contain a couple of headlines about the
road accidents. The deaths occur in our society are mostly about the road accidents. More
than 1.51 million fatalities occurred in 2018. An increase of 3,500 deaths occurred when
compared to 2017. According to the latest accident report most of the accidents happen in the
states like UP, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra. The report declared that around 2.4% has been
increased every year. The count of the deaths occurred because of accidents is more than the
number of soldiers died in the war fields. The accidents that are happening in our country
have many reasons such as less road quality maintenance, improper constructions of the
bridges, overcrowding on the busy lanes and many other. Apart from these the under aged
people according to the government traffic regulations are undergoing many accidents. The
youngsters involves in rash driving, Drunken driving. These losses of young lives cause a
major loss to the country. The drunken drivers are more dangerous because they put the other
innocent people lives in jeopardy. An average of were 3,972 innocent deaths occur every year
who had been passengers, common pedestrians or cyclists, or sober drivers of different
vehicles. This is extra than 10 harmless victims each day killed because of alcohol use by
means of others. To save the automobile riding a person’s life, there are several devices
 developed internal a vehicle inclusive of an airbag system, Antilock breaking system.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Road traffic accidents the leading motive of death by means of injury. Road traffic
accidents are predictable and preventable, but good statistics are essential to recognize how
road safety interventions and era can be effectively transferred from developed international
locations where they’ve tested effective and Awareness of the consequences. Several factors
such as drunken driving, rash driving, drowsiness during the drive etc., are the major causes
for accidents. Accidents due to rash driving and drowsiness are more inclined and need to be
controlled.

In authors proposed a Drowsiness detection system using deep neural network for
vehicle drivers in road accident avoidance system that can help to prevent the accidents by
the detection of the drowsiness of the person who was driving the vehicle. It can be used to
send an alert sound so that the person drowsiness will be removed slowly by the alert sound.

In authors Proposed at the drowsiness analysis of the breathing fee variability that
allows. The development of technologies for detecting the drowsy state of the driver is a big
challenge in the field of accident avoidance system. Sleep and drowsy detection system ics
used to monitor the driver and alert them to wake the driver from sleep in order to avoid the
possibility of collision. There are various methods for this drowsy detection. One of the
methods is by fixing a infrared sensor in a wearable spectacle which monitors the eye blink
rate of the driver who wears the spectacle.
SYSTEM DESIGN

POWER SUPPLY LCD

MQ3
VIBRATION SENSOR
RASPBERRY PI3
RELAY MOTOR
GPS

GSM BUZZER
 RASPBERRY PI3

The Broadcom SoC used in the Raspberry Pi is equivalent to a chip used in an old
smartphone (Android or iPhone). While operating at 700 MHz by default, the
Raspberry Pi provides a real world performance roughly equivalent to the 0.041
GFLOPS. On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of
1997-1999, but the GPU, however, provides 1 Gpixel/s, 1.5 Gtexel/s or 24 GFLOPS
of general purpose compute and the graphics capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are
roughly equivalent to the level of performance of the Xbox of 2001. The Raspberry Pi
chip operating at 700 MHz by default, will not become hot enough to need a heatsink
or special cooling.

GSM MODEM

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.
The Techniques GSM SMS is handled main role in this system. GSM SMS messaging can handle large
number of transaction in a very short time. This one GSM connection is enough to handle
hundreds of transaction.

GPS MODULE

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that provides location and
time information. The system is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver and unobstructed line

of sight to at least four of GPS satellites. A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the

Signals sent by GPS satellites. GPS is nowadays widely used and also has become an integral part of

Smart phones.

The GTPA010 module is easy to use, having RS232 as well as USB interface. It operates over 3.2 to 5V

supply range thus enabling interfacing with microcontrollers with 3.3V as well as 5V. The module outputs

GPS data in NMEA0183 format. Each of message string starts with ‘$’ and then the message identifier.

Each parameter is separated using a comma so that the message can be parse with the help of the commas.

MQ3 Sensor

This module is made using Alcohol Gas Sensor MQ3. It is a low cost semiconductor sensor which can detect the
presence of alcohol gases at concentrations from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The sensitive material used for this
sensor is SnO2, whose conductivity is lower in clean air. Its conductivity increases as the concentration of
alcohol gases increases. It has high sensitivity to alcohol and has a good resistance to disturbances due to smoke,
vapor and gasoline. This module provides both digital and analog outputs. MQ3 alcohol sensor module can be
easily interfaced with Microcontrollers, Arduino Boards, Raspberry Pi etc.

RELAY
Relays are used in a wide variety of applications. The advantage of relays is that it takes a relatively
Small amount of power to operate. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically
and mechanically. Relays consist of an electromagnet. It also contains a set of contacts. The switching
Mechanism is based on electromagnet. Most of the devices have the application of relays.
DC MOTOR

An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC motor works
on the principle, when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences
a mechanical force. DC shunt motors can be used where almost constant speed is required and very high
starting torque is not required as lathe, machine tools, centrifugal pump and etc. Series motors are used
when very high starting torque is required such as electric traction, trolley car, crane, etc. cumulative
compound motors are suitable for applications where the load fluctuates such as rolling mills, printing
press, reciprocating type compressors, crusher units, etc. Differential compound motors are rarely used
because of their poor torque characteristics. Fig no: 8 Shows the Dc Motor used for tool.

LCD

It is called Liquid Crystal Display. We are going to use 16x2 characters LCD. This will be
connected to microcontroller. The job of LCD will be to display all the system generated messages
coming from the controller. LCD will provide interactive user interface. This unit requires +5VDC for
it proper operation. This module is used for display the present status of the system.
ADVANTAGES
• We can monitor the speed of the vehicle.
• We can find the location of the vehicle.
• Alert message to mobile phone for remote information.
• Mobile number can be changed at any time.
APPLICATIONS:
➢ Automotive and transport vehicles.
➢ Security, remote monitoring and transportation and logistics.
➢ This system also can be interfaced with vehicle alerting system.
CONCLUSION
People are becoming more susceptible to accidents nowadays. So, we need to take
some action against this as an engineer and have the solution we want. Any automation is
created for the protection of the human being. Such a model has the function of advancing a
program to identify near obstacles surrounding the vehicle and alert the rider to prevent
accidents. Up to some degree, modern technology gives some hope to stop these. This project
involves measuring alcohol using alcohol sensor and monitoring accident with the help of
crash sensor and accelarometer. In this device sensor outputs are given for comparison to the
ARDUINO. If the value hits a set level, the voice messages automatically alert the rider and
the vehicle is only able to start the ignition if the driver is not alcoholic. The system also
provide the accident location information to the concerned authorities.

FUTURE SCOPE:
This system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system that prevents vehicle occupants from striking
interior objects such as the steering wheel or window. This can also be developed by interconnecting a
camera to the controller module that takes the photograph of the accident spot that makes the tracking easier.

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