N

DCI
VI
LEN
GI
NE
ERI
NGP
ROJ
ECTP
ROP
OSA
L
H
USS
AI
NI
ADA
MUF
EDE
RALP
OLY
TEC
HNI
CKA
ZAU
RE
J
I
GAW
AST
ATEN
IG
ERI
APMB5
004

G
ROU
NDW
ATE
RRE
CHA
RGEB
YRA
IN
FAL
LHA
RVE
STI
NGS
YST
EM
(
ACa
seS
tud
yofH
uss
ai
niA
damuF
ede
ral
Pol
yt
ech
nicK
aza
ure
,Ji
ga
waS
tat
e)

B
Y

J
OSE
PHO
WOC
HOL
OF
UIN
NOC
ENTN
D/C
V/1
9/
002
S
AMU
ELE
EBO N
D/C
V/1
9/
052

S
UPE
RVI
S
EDB
Y
DRE
NGR
.SA
LAH
UHA
MZA

AP
ROJ
ECTP
ROP
OSA
LTOT
HEDE
PAR
TME
NTO
FCI
VI
LEN
GI
NE
ERI
NG
C
OLL
EGEO
FEN
GI
NE
ERI
NG

MA
Y20
22
 T
ABL
EOFC
ONT
ENT

T
it
lep
age.
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
.…………………………………………………… 1
T
abl
eofc
ont
ent………………………………………………………. 2
I
nt
rod
uct
io
n………………………………………………………….
.
.. 3
S
tat
eme
nto
fpr
obl
em…………………………………………………. 4
A
imsa
ndo
bje
cti
ve
s…………………………………………………… 4
L
i
ter
atu
rer
evi
ew………………………………………………………. 5
Me
tho
dol
og
y…………………………………………………………… 6
E
xpe
cte
dre
sul
t…………………………………………………………. 6
S
tud
entu
nde
rta
ki
ng……………………………………………………. 7
P
roj
ects
upe
rvi
so
rap
pro
val
andr
ema
rk……………………………….
.7
I
NT
RODU
CTI
ON

G
rou
ndwa
teri
sth
ewa
tert
hato
ccu
rsb
el
owt
hes
urf
aceo
fth
eea
rth
,wh
erei
toc
cup
iesa
ll
o
rpa
rto
fth
evo
ids
pac
esi
nso
ilo
rge
ol
og
ics
tra
ta.I
tisa
ls
oca
ll
eds
ubs
urf
acewa
tert
o
d
is
ti
ngu
is
hitf
roms
urf
acewa
ter
.Mo
stg
rou
ndwa
terc
ome
sfr
omp
rec
ip
it
ati
on
.Pr
eci
pi
ta
ti
on
i
nfi
l
tra
teb
el
owt
heg
rou
nds
urf
acei
nt
oth
eso
ilz
one
.Wh
ent
hes
oi
lzo
neb
eco
mess
atu
rat
ed,
wa
terp
erc
ol
at
esd
own
war
d.T
hep
roc
esso
fpr
eci
pi
ta
ti
onr
epl
eni
sh
ingt
heg
rou
ndwa
ter
s
upp
lyi
skn
owna
sre
cha
rge
.Ing
ene
ral
,re
cha
rgeo
ccu
rso
nl
ydu
ri
ngt
her
ai
ni
ngs
eas
oni
n
t
rop
ic
alc
li
mat
eord
uri
ngwi
nt
eri
nte
mpe
rat
ecl
i
mat
e.T
ypi
ca
ll
y10–2
0pe
rce
nto
fth
e
p
rec
ip
it
ati
ont
hatf
all
stot
hee
art
hen
ter
swa
terb
ear
ings
tra
tawh
ic
hisk
nowna
saq
uif
ers
.
G
rou
ndwa
terp
la
yav
it
alr
ol
eint
hea
ri
dan
dse
mia
ri
dzo
ne(
i
.e
.ar
eash
avi
ng
i
ns
uff
ici
entr
ai
nfa
ll
)
,so
met
ime
ssu
ppo
rti
ngv
asta
gri
cu
lt
ura
lan
din
dus
tri
ale
nte
rpr
is
est
hat
c
oul
dno
tot
her
wis
eex
is
t.
R
ain
wat
eri
sar
el
at
iv
el
ycl
ea
nwa
ters
our
cea
ndwi
thn
ece
ssa
ryc
aut
io
nitc
anb
e
e
venu
sedf
orp
ort
abl
eco
nsu
mpt
io
n.I
mpo
rta
ntl
y,i
tisaf
rees
our
cea
ndc
anb
eco
ll
ec
tedi
n
ac
ons
id
era
bl
equ
ant
it
yfr
omr
oofc
atc
hme
nta
ndo
the
rpa
veme
nta
rea
swh
ic
hca
nbeu
sed
f
orv
ari
ou
spu
rpo
ses
,itp
la
ysa
nimp
ort
antr
ol
einwa
ters
ust
ai
nab
il
i
tyb
yre
duc
ingt
he
p
res
sur
eonma
inswa
ters
upp
ly
.I
nsu
mma
ry,t
her
ai
nwa
terh
arv
est
in
gist
hes
imp
lec
ol
le
cti
on
o
rst
ori
ngo
fwa
tert
hro
ughs
ci
ent
if
ict
ech
niq
uesf
romt
hea
rea
swh
eret
her
ai
nfa
ll
s.
S
TAT
EME
NTO
FPR
OBL
EM

G
rou
ndwa
teri
sth
ela
rge
sts
our
ceo
fus
abl
e,f
res
hwa
teri
nth
ewo
rl
dan
ddu
etot
he
i
ncr
eas
edp
ump
ing
,ex
tra
cti
ona
ndu
seo
fgr
oun
dwa
teri
tiss
lo
wlyd
epl
et
in
g.T
opr
eve
ntt
hi
s
f
romh
app
eni
ng,r
ai
nfa
llh
arv
est
in
gsy
ste
m me
tho
dha
sbe
ena
dop
teda
same
anso
f
r
ech
arg
eofg
rou
ndwa
ter
.

A
IMA
NDO
BJE
CTI
VE
S

A
im:T
ode
ter
min
eth
eto
tala
mou
nto
fra
inf
allt
hatc
anb
eco
ll
ec
tedf
romr
ooft
opsf
or
r
ech
arg
eofg
rou
ndwa
teru
si
ngH
uss
ai
nAd
amuF
ede
ral
Pol
yt
ech
nica
sac
ases
tud
y.

O
bje
cti
ve
s:

T
oca
lc
ul
at
eth
eto
talr
ai
nfa
llt
hatc
anb
edi
sc
har
gef
romd
iff
ere
nta
rea
soft
he
r
oofa
ndf
indo
utt
hen
umb
ero
fre
cha
rgi
ngs
tru
ctu
res

 Me
tho
doft
ran
sfe
rri
ngt
hewa
tert
obec
ol
le
cte
dtot
heg
rou
nd
L
I
TER
ATU
RER
EVI
E
W

Manystu
diesrep
ort
edag o
odamountofwat
ersavi
ngsi
nab ui
ld
ingbyusi
ngrain
water
ha
r v
est
ingsyst
em(Ha
jania
ndR a
hman,201
4)
.F
orexampl
e,Mut
hukumar
ane tal
.(2
011
)
demons
trate
dthatabo
utof40%potab
lewat
ercanbesavedbyusi
ngrai
nwateri
na
re
s i
den
ti
al b
ui
ldi
ngi
nregi
onal
Vic
tor
iainAu
str
al
ia
. W
ardeta l
.(
201
2)foundtha
ta noff
ice
-
ba
sedrainwat
erhar
vest
in
gs y
ste
mc ou
ldsa
vearo
und8 7
%wa t
er(quant
it
yo fmai
nswater
sa
ved)i
nan o
ndome
sti
cbui
l
ding
.

Arainwaterh arv
estingsystemc ol
lect
sr u no
fff romac at
chmenta re
a( e.
g.,r
oofa re
aa nd
paveda rea)andge neral
l
yc onsi
stso fas to
ragetank,suppl
ya ndd i
stri
buti
onn etworks,and
anover fl
owu ni
t.Amo ngthec omponentso far ai
nwate rharv
e s
ti
n gsyste
m, thes t
o ra
get ank
i
sn ormall
yt h
elargestc o
mp onento ft het o
tali
nst
all
ationcost.T
herefore,ap ropere c
on o
mic
anal
ysisandd esi
gna renecessarybef oreimpl
ementi
n gthera i
nwaterh a
rvesti
ngs ystemsin
bui
l
d i
ngi nordertoi mprov
et heirp e
rf ormanceandb enefit
s,andt oobtai
ns hortp ay
back
peri
od. I
nor d
ert oev al
uat
et hef i
n anci
al feas
ibi
l
it
yo fr ai
nwaterh a
rvesti
ngs y
ste m,li
fe
cyc
lec ostassess
me nt(LCCA)needt ob eincorpo
ratedd uri
ngt h
ep l
anningo fab uil
ding
const
ru cti
on.LCC
Ai same thodo fe val
u a
tingthecosto fap roductoveritsli
fes panwh ere
al
lthep ast,pres
en t
, andfu turecashf lowsareconve rt
edtop resentval
u es
.Seve ra
lstudi
es
havere por
tedL C
C Ao far ai
nwa terhar v
e st
in
gs ys
tema n
dc ommentedp os
iti
ver esult
so nthe
fi
nanc i
alfe a
sib
il
i
tyo ft ho
ses ystems,wh i
chc o
uldpl
a yanimp or
tantf act
orinimp rovi
ng
waters ust
a i
nabi
l
ityinb u
il
di
n gs.Zhange ta l
.(200
9)evaluate
dt hef i
nanci
al fe
asibi
li
tyof
rai
nwa terharves
tings ys
temi nh i
gh-ri
seb uil
di
ngsinf ourcapit
alcit
iesinA us
tral
ia( e
.g.
,
Sydney,Perth,Darwin,andMe l
b o
urne)a ndd emons
tratedt ha
ta l
lthec i
ti
esh adt hep o
tenti
al
tooffe rgoodf i
nanc i
alret
u r
nu s
ingr ai
n wate
rh a
rve s
tingsyst
em. Th
e yfounds hortes
t
payba
c kp e
r i
od(about10years)ofr ai
n waterharves
tings y
stem(about10years)inS ydney.
Domene chandS auri(201
0)f o
un dthep aybackperi
odi nbetween3 3an d43y earsi nthe
metropol
itanareao fB arc
elonainS painf oras i
ngl
e-famil
yhousehol
dd ependi
n gont he
rai
nwa tertanksize.Imte
aze ta l
.(201
1)rep o
rtedthatconstruct
ioncostofac o
mme rci
al
rai
nwa tertanksconn ect
edt olarger oofsinMe l
bo
urn ecoul
db erecoveredwith15–2 1
-
year
ti
med e pendi
ngont h etanksize,cli
ma ti
cc on
diti
ons
, andf ut
u r
ewa terprice.
ME
THO
DOL
OGY

T
hi
spa
rto
fth
ere
por
tbr
ie
flye
xpl
ai
nst
heme
tho
dol
og
yad
opt
edf
ort
hi
sst
udywo
rk.I
t
e
xpl
ai
nsh
owt
her
ai
nfa
llc
har
act
eri
st
ic
s,r
oofme
asu
reme
nta
ndt
hec
al
cu
la
ti
ono
fth
ear
ea
c
anb
edo
ne.

Me
asu
reme
nto
fra
inf
all
cha
rac
ter
is
ti
cs
:

A
llt
her
ai
nfa
llc
har
act
eri
st
ic
ssu
cha
sth
ein
ten
si
ty
,du
rat
io
nan
dpe
ri
odo
fth
era
inf
allwi
l
l
b
edo
neb
yse
arc
hi
ngo
nl
in
e,d
uet
oth
ese
aso
noft
her
ai
nfa
llo
fth
ear
ea.

Me
asu
reme
nto
fRo
of:

T
heme
tho
dtob
eus
edf
orme
asu
ri
ngt
hea
reao
fth
ero
ofi
sbyt
heu
sag
eofG
oog
leMa
p
a
ndG
oog
leE
art
h.

C
alc
ul
at
io
noft
hewa
terd
isc
har
gedf
romr
oof
top
s:

T
oca
lc
ul
at
eho
wmu
chr
ai
nfa
llc
anb
eha
rve
ste
d,mu
lt
ip
lyy
ourr
ai
nfa
ll(
mm)b
yyo
urr
oof
s
urf
acea
re m2)b
a( ei
ngu
sedt
oca
tchr
ai
nwa
ter
.Th
ere
sul
t
ingn
umb
err
epr
ese
ntsh
owma
ny
l
i
ter
sofwa
tery
ouc
ane
xpe
ctt
oco
ll
ec
t.

T
hi
sisg
iv
enb
y: R
ain
fal
l(
mm)×R
oofs
urf
acea
re m2)=a
a( mou
nto
fwa
ter(
L)

E
XPE
CTE
DRE
SUL
T

A
tth
een
doft
hi
spr
oje
ct,wea
ree
xpe
cte
dtok
nowt
het
ota
lamo
unto
fwa
tert
hatc
anb
e
d
is
cha
rge
/co
ll
ec
tedf
romt
her
oofwh
ic
hwi
l
lbeme
asu
redi
nli
te
rs(
L)
.
S
TUDE
NTU
NDE
RTA
KI
NG

W
ehe
reb
yde
cl
ar
eth
atwewi
l
lca
rryo
utt
hep
roj
ectwo
rkc
are
ful
l
yan
dap
pro
pri
at
el
y

N
AME
S R
EG.
NO.

J
OSE
PHO
WOC
HOL
OF
UIN
NOC
ENT N
D/C
V/1
9/
002

S
ig
nat
ure
: Da
te:

S
AMU
ELE
EBO N
D/C
V/1
9/
052

S
ig
nat
ure
: Da
te:

S
UPE
RVI
SO
RAP
PRO
VALA
NDR
EMA
RK

S
ig
nat
ure
: Da
te:

DRE
NGR
.SA
LAH
UHA
MZA