TVET NATIONAL EXAMINATION

SECTOR: MEDIA AND FILM MAKING

TRADE: MULTIMEDIA
RTQF LEVEL: V

Question 1: What is protected by digital rights management? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
Digital rights management (DRM) is a way to protect copyrights for digital
media. This approach includes the use of technologies that limit the copying
and use of copyrighted works and proprietary software. ... DRM technologies do
not catch those who engage in piracy.

Question 2: Outline four (4) essential requirements (factors) to consider when

buying a DSLR camera? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
1. Sensor Size
As far as picture quality and exposure flexibility are concerned – and these are
the main reasons people buy SLR cameras – the most important criteria are the
size of the sensor and the size of each photo site on it. The larger the
photosite‘s surface area, the more light it can capture and the more
information it can record.
2. Brand Loyalty
Photographers who already own a film SLR plus a suite of interchangeable
lenses will be lured towards digital cameras from the same manufacturer. It
makes both logical and financial sense to buy a body that will accept the lenses
you have.
3. Lenses
Most entry-level DSLRs are sold with at least one medium-range zoom lens but
an increasing number are being offered with two lenses. The additional lens is
usually a tele zoom with a focal length range equivalent to about 70-200mm in
35mm format. Twin lens kits represent great value so don‘t be put off by
comments about ―cheap optics‖. While the optics are usually housed in plastic
(to minimise weight), the main compromise is lens speed (maximum aperture)
rather than actual performance. The plastic bodies may not be quite as tough

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as metal bodies, but they‘re rugged enough for normal handling and a lot
lighter to carry around and use.
4. Megapixel Resolution
Although most advertising material and much of the media hype focuses on the
number of megapixels the camera supports, megapixel count is relatively
unimportant when buying a digital SLR. In theory, the number of megapixels in
an image file should dictate the size to which it can be printed at ‗photo‘
quality. However, you can produce excellent A3-sized prints from a 5- or 6-
megapixel DSLR camera – provided the original shot was correctly exposed and
edited.
5. Image quality
6. Price
7. Features.
8. Portability and a low profile over image quality
9. Ability to shoot underwater
10. Record at high frame rates for true slow motion.
Question 3: Interpret this figure by explaining the highlighted Camera modes.
(4 Marks)
Marking Scheme
・Mode P (Programmed Auto)

The camera automatically adjusts

aperture and shutter speed for optimal
exposure, but the photographer can
choose from different combinations of
aperture and shutter speed that will
produce the same exposure. This is
known as flexible program.

・Mode S (Shutter-Priority Auto)

The photographer chooses the shutter speed and the camera automatically
adjusts aperture for optimal exposure.

・Mode A (Aperture-Priority Auto)

The photographer chooses the aperture and the camera automatically adjusts
shutter speed for optimal exposure.

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Note: that in all three modes—P, S, and A—exposure is automatically adjusted
for optimal results.

・Mode M (Manual)

The photographer chooses both aperture and shutter speed, providing the
greatest latitude for creative expression. Choosing the wrong combination
could, however, result in photographs that are too bright (overexposed) or too
dark (underexposed). We therefore recommend using the camera exposure
indicator as a guide when choosing aperture and shutter speed.
Question 4: Compare shooting in RAW and JPEG then classify the pros of
JPEG and cons of RAW by filling the table below: (4 Marks)

RAW JPEG

Marking Scheme
RAW JPEG
More space on disk Few space on disk
Require software to open it Easy to be opened
Uncompressed Compressed

Question 5. Peter has problem of full storage computer. how can you Maximize
the free space without deleting importance data? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
You can do the following
 Uninstall unnecessary apps and programs.(1Mark)
 Use the Disk Cleanup Tool. (1Mark)
 Discard/remove temporary files.(1Mark)

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  Save to the cloud.(1Mark)

Question 6.Rwanda National Police found harassment photo on your computer

desktop, how can they delete it permanently without having to format the
whole computer?(3Marks)

Marking Scheme
When you delete a file from your computer with the basic delete feature,
Shit+Delete keys(3Marks), emptying the Recycle Bin(3Marks), or even format a
hard drive, it continues existing on your hard drive and allows users to recover
files for some purpose.

Question 7: Explain what is communication and show three (3) benefits of

effective communication. (4 Marks)
Marking Scheme
Communication refers to the process by which information is exchanged
between two or more people.
Benefits of effective communication:
 Provides clarity. Confusion, uncertainty, and ambiguity make people
uncomfortable and uncooperative. Making roles, responsibilities, and
relationships clear gives everyone the information they need to do their
jobs and to understand their contributions to the organization. Effective
communication reduces the cost associated with conflicts,
misunderstandings, and mistakes.
 Builds Relationships. A culture that promotes open communication
reduces tension between hierarchical levels of employees, both
professionally and socially. In a trusting and collaborative culture, people
are more likely to seek help with problems and to suggest solutions and
improvements. Effective communication creates a collegial culture that
fosters teamwork and encourages cooperation.
. Creates commitment. Effective communication involves not only sending
information but also receiving it. By listening to employees‘ concerns, allowing
them to have input on their work and their workplace, and giving consideration
to their suggestions, managers can make everyone in the organization feel like
they are valued contributors. When employees feel like they are valued in the
organization, they will likely be more engaged and motivated.
Question 8: Explain the following files formats: (4 Marks)

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 a) JPEG
b) PNG
c) GIF
d) TIFF
Marking Scheme
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group JPG uses lossy compression to
accomplish this feat, which has a strong downside. A smaller file, yes,
there is nothing like JPG for small, but this is at the cost of image quality
TIFF or Tagged Image File Format:are lossless images files meaning that they
do not need to compress or lose any image quality or information (although
there are options for compression), allowing for very high-quality images but
also larger file sizes
GIF or Graphics Interchange Format files are widely used for web graphics,
because they are limited to only 256 colors, can allow for transparency, and
can be animated. GIF files are typically small is size and are very portable.
PNG or Portable Network Graphics files are a lossless image format originally
designed to improve upon and replace the gif format. PNG files are able to
handle up to 16 million colors, unlike the 256 colors supported by GIF.
Question 9: When starting a photography business, there are several
documents that every business owner or independent contractor should
always have readily available. Outline atleast four (4) documents. (4
Marks)

Marking Scheme
Photographer Invoice
Photographer Contract
Release Form
Photography Shot List

Question 10: How would you apply what you learned to select the best
answer for matching Column A to Column B. (3Marks)

Answer Column A Column B

1.= A. Focus 1. Camera feature to judge focus

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2.= B. peaking 2. Camera feature to judge exposure
3.= C. Zebra 3.Amount of light allowed entering into the camera
sensor
4.= D. Exposure 4. Part (Feature) of the camera which allows light
to Enter through it to the camera sensor.
5.= E. lens 5. Moving the camera lens entire you get possible
sharpest
6.= F. Camera

Marking Scheme
Answer Column A Column B

A.= 5 A. Focus 1. Camera feature to judge focus

B.= 1 B. peaking 2. Camera feature to judge exposure
C.=2 C. Zebra 3.Amount of light allowed entering into the camera
sensor
D.=3 D. Exposure 4. Part (Feature) of the camera which allows light
to Enter through it to the camera sensor.
E.=4 E. lens 5. Moving the camera lens entire you get possible
sharpest
F.= F. Camera

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Question 11: Utilize camera features and parts that you learned by
renaming the number mentioned on the figures below: (3Marks)

Marking Scheme

Question 12: DSLR(s) are The New and Rapidly Expanding Cameras; they
Are Designed To Record Photo as their Primary Job. Identify their
characteristic and limitations compare with prosumer Cameras. (3Marks)
Marking Scheme

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Characteristics of DSRL Camera Limitations of DSRL Camera
 Low Mid-Range Price No XLR Audio Inputs
 Very Large Imaging Chip No Zebra to judge exposure
 Interchangeable Lenses No Peaking to judge Focus
Question 13: Give nine basic types of camera shots and explain each shot.
(4Marks)

Marking Scheme

1. Close-up

A close-up shot is a shot taken of a person or object at a close range, in order

to capture the minute details of the subject. This shot is tightly framed and
takes up most of the screen, as it is usually used to frame a character‘s face in
order for the audience to see what type of emotion is being conveyed. In
addition to serving as a tool used to evoke a character‘s emotional state of
mind, the close up shot is also used to reveal details or information about
objects or the setting the film is set in. For example, close-up shots are often
used to indicate to the audience that they should pay attention to a certain
motif or symbol that is being carried throughout the film.

2. Medium Shot

A medium shot, or waist shot, indicates that it was captured at a medium

distance from the subject. It is often used for back and forth dialogue within a
scene as it allows the viewer to have a solid view of each character within a
film. This shot is known as the ‗sweet spot‘ shot, as it allows for both the
details of your subject to be seen in addition to the surrounding setting the
scene is taking place in. As a result, using a medium shot can help the viewer
depict the body language of the characters in the film and how they are
interacting with the environment around them.

3. Long Shot

The long shot, also known as the wide shot, is often times used as an
establishing shot in a film, as it normally sets the scene and the character‘s
place within it. This type of camera shot, shows the full length of the subject
while also including a large amount of the surrounding area of the film setting.
Some of the most recognizable and iconic scenes in movies, are those that were

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shot as a long shot. Furthermore, when filming a movie solely from a distance
that includes only long shots, it can give a sense of separation between the film
itself and the audience. For example the 2019 Oscar winning film, Roma, was
solely filmed in a series of long shots. This film technique causes the audience
to feel isolated and like they are only allowed to be on-lookers into the story
being presented to them, rather than being immersed in the narrative being
told.

Extreme Close-Up

An extreme close-up shot, is when the surface area of the frame is filled by a
subject‘s face. In other words, the subject is tightly framed, or shown in a
relatively large scale, causing their face to be cropped within the frame. This
type of shot is often referred to a choker as well, which is when a shot is
framed just above the eyes and right below the mouth. Extreme close-ups are a
powerful way to convey the emotion that your subject is feeling, without the
need of the character saying much. Much like the use of a regular close-up
shot, an extreme close-up can be used to guide the viewer‘s eyeline and show
them an object or motif that is pivotal to the narrative of the film.

Extreme Long Shot

Taking the long shot one step further, the extreme long shot, or extreme wide
shot, is when the view is so far from the subject that he/ she isn‘t necessarily
the focus anymore, but rather the surrounding area is. Also used as an
establishing shot within a film, the extreme long shot, is designed to show the
audience where the action is taking place. Furthermore, an extreme long shot
can also be used to demonstrate the scale of what is going on in a scene.

Question 14: How would you apply what you learned about focal length to
develop two types of Depth of field ? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
Focal length is one among the factors that can affect depth of field, where you
can have long lens means long Focal length to get shallow Depth of field, whwn
you have wide lens mean small Focal length to get Narrow or Deep depth of
field. The more you increase Focal length the more you tend to have Shallow
DOF, the more you decrease the more you tend to the Narrow DOF.

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Question15: What other ways would you plan to use tripod while we are
shooting using telephoto lens and with slow shutter speed? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
Telephoto are heavy lens, so tripod helps to stabilize it to avoid shaking
It also comes to slow shutter speed because it can cause motion blur, to avoid
it we use tripod.
Question 16: What essential gear would you select to produce high
quality photos? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
You don’t need to spend thousands of dollars on your first camera set up,
but we recommend purchasing a DSLR or mirrorless camera if you are
more serious about producing high quality photos. There are many great
camera bodies out there for less than $1,000. We also recommend
studying up on lenses and investing more in good lenses than the body
itself. Here is a brief list of the most essential gear you need to start
producing high quality photos:
1.DSLR or mirrorless camera body
2. Prime or zoom lenses
3. Tripod
4. External flash
Question 17: Why would you need more than one (1) Lens for covering
some photographic event? (4Marks)

Marking Scheme
The lens really depends on the situation, your budget, and your hobbies. Most
cameras are pre packed with a standard 18-55mm or 18-80mm lens. For the
average user these should be fine, but depending on what you like to shoot you
might need a different lens.

Question 18: Make a distinction between between using a wide aperture and
a small aperture? (4Marks)

Marking Scheme
These terms mean the used size of the aperture. The smallest f/stop number
(f/2.8, f/4) set the camera to a wide aperture would allow you as camera
operator to reach at shallow depth of field by letting much light to pass through

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camera lens. While the biggest f/stop number (f/16, f/22, and so on) set the
camera to a small aperture would allow you as camera operator to reach at
Narrow depth of field by letting less light to pass through camera lens.

Question 19: How would you compare what you learned to select the best
answer for matching Column A to Column B. (3Marks)

Answer Column A Column B

1.= A. F Stops 1. Aperture measurements

2.= B. White 2. Color temperature
Balance
3.= C. DSLR 3. Sunny day, great DOF
4.= D. F2.8 4. Shows motion
5.= E. 1/2000 5. Cloudy day, shallow DOF

6.= F. 1/15 6. Stops motion

7. = G. F22 7. Digital Single Lens Reflex

Marking Scheme
Answer Column A Column B

1.= A A. F Stops 1. Aperture measurements

2.=B B. White 2. Color temperature
Balance
3.=G C. DSLR 3. Sunny day, great DOF
4.=F D. F2.8 4. Shows motion
5.=D E. 1/2000 5. Cloudy day, shallow DOF

6.=E F. 1/15 6. Stops motion

7. =C G. F22 7. Digital Single Lens Reflex

Question 20: Describe general rules of using ISO. (3Marks)

Marking Scheme

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  Use an ISO of 100 or 200 when taking photographs outside in sunny
conditions.
 If the sky is overcast or it is evening time, then use an ISO within the
range of 400 to 800.
 Night time or in cases of low light you might need to set your digital
camera ISO to 1600 if photographing moving subjects like people or if
you are hand holding the camera. The result may be a grainy / noisy
image; however it is possible clean that up in post processing.
Question 21: a) With your own idea explain how you can manage and
complete a photographic project? (1Mark)

b) Calculate Miscellaneous 4.000.000Frw of wedding project. (1Mark)

Marking Scheme
Giving Yourself Time: Part of planning a project like this involves making sure
that you have enough time to attend to all the details.

Motivation and a sense of accomplishment

Here is what I consider when picking a subject:
 Passion
 What do you love outside of photography
 How will I shoot this project?
 choose a subject that is accessible
 Consistency is crucial
 Move out of your comfort zone
 Make a project description
 The power of the deadline
 Do whatever brings you to life, then. Follow your own
fascinations, obsessions, and compulsions. Trust them. Create
whatever causes a revolution in your hear
a) 4000000 * 20 / 100 = 800000Frw
Question 22: a) Outline and explain three main types of camera angles.
(3Marks)

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 b) Complete the below table by fill the gaps. (3Marks)

Personnel Relevant Responsibilities

Writer
Coaches the actors
Cinematographer
Editor Puts all those pieces together

Marking Scheme

a) High Angle
Covering any shot of a person or action from a higher vantage point
immediately informs the audience of an implied meaning. The grammar of a
high angle shot often yields an understanding within the viewer that who they
are seeing on screen is smaller, weaker, subservient, diminutive, or is currently
in a less powerful or compromised position. Through foreshortening and
through ―compressing‖ the character into the floor or ground around them, the
camera keeps the subject down and makes him or her physically appear
shorter or smaller
Low Angle
Let us now go in the opposite direction and drop the camera and lens below
the neutral point and shoot from a lower angle up onto our person or action.
As you may have already guessed, this angle on action usually generates the
reverse feeling in your audience member. The character seen from below
becomes larger, more looming, more significant, more powerful, and, of course,
also physically higher in the film space.
Eye angle :
This angle is usually set at at eye level of the subject and gives the audience
a natural or normal feel for the scene. Use this angle when there are no
abnormalities or distractions in the scene. Comedies employ this angle very
often because it does not distract the viewer from the comedic performance of
the characters.

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b) Complete the below table by fill the gaps.

Personnel Relevant Responsibilities

Writer Pens the story
Director Coaches the actors
Cinematographer Creates the visual style of each
shot
Editor Puts all those pieces together

Question 23: a) Discuss what is shutter speed and how does it work?
(1Mark)

b) Determine what are the best settings to use when photographing

children? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme

a) Remember that an image is made when the light is exposed to the sensor
for a certain amount of time. The shutter acts as a barrier that keeps
light out when you’re not taking a photo. It acts like a blind, opening
and closing when you press the shutter release button. Pressing the
shutter release button on top of the camera opens the ―blind‖, and closes
it when the camera shutter stops recording. The Shutter Speed is simply
the length of time the ―blind‖ stays open to let light in to capture the
image. This can be measured in second
b) Always use a higher shutter speed if you are photographing children.
They are in constant motion and you want to make sure that the photo
does not come out blurry. Increase the ISO just a bit so your shots don‘t
come out underexposed.

Question 24: Assess and explain the following technical photography

terminologies: (3Marks)

Marking scheme

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a) Aspect Ratio: If you‘ve ever printed images before, you‘ve probably
noticed that an 8 x 10 usually crops from the original image. That‘s due
to aspect ratio. Aspect ratio is simply the ratio of the height to width
b) Depth of Field :Depth of field is a photography term that refers to how
much of the image is in focus ( Is acceptable zone in focus)
c) Focal Length: The focal length is distance between camera and lens
nodal point and describes the distance in millimeters between the lens
and the image it forms on the film.
d) ISO: The ISO determines how sensitive the camera is to light. For
example, an ISO of 100 means the camera isn‘t very sensitive—great for
shooting in the daylight.

25. Define the following terms:

A) Battery life
Answer: is the amount of time your device runs before it needs to
be recharged
B) Flash diffuser

Answer: is a simple light modifier that attaches to the upper part

of an external flash unit
C) Rocket Blower

Answer: Rocket Blower is a powerful tool for cleaning all of your

camera gear including cameras, lenses and filters
D) Troubleshooting
Answer: Determining causes of operating errors and deciding
what to do about it
E) Quality Control Analysis:

Answer: Conducting tests and inspections of products, services,

or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
26. Answer by True and False
A) Resolution refers to the sharpness, or detail, of a picture.
Answer: T
B) Methanol is a drinking type of alcohol (also known as wood alcohol
and methyl alcohol) which is mostly used to create fuel, solvents and
antifreeze.
Answer: F

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 C) A camera battery can be left in the battery charger for weeks without
damage.
Answer: F
D) The arrangement of electronic equipment at workplace not based on
the type.
Answer: F
E) In general standard CCTV cameras are not supplied in three voltages,
120VAC, 24VAC, 12VDC.
Answer: T
26. Explain why no smoking, electric sparks, or open flames
should be permitted near charging batteries?
Answer: because smoking, electric sparks or open flames causing
the battery to explode.
27. What do you think when the terminal of batteries are shorted?
Answer: While shorting the battery, heavy current will flow, but
there will be negligible drop across terminals and all the power will
be wasted inside the battery as heat in its internal resistance.
28. Explain six (6) the types of camera support?
Answer:
Crane : a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib
Drone : is the emerging market for services built around flying robots
that can be remote-controlled or flown autonomously using software-
controlled flight plans in their embedded systems
Dolly : is a wheeled cart or similar device used in filmmaking and
television production to create smooth horizontal camera movements
Tripod : is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a
camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring
equipment
Steady cam : is a brand of camera stabilizer mounts for motion picture
cameras invented by Garrett Brown
Helicopter : is a remote-controlled mini helicopter used to obtain aerial
pictures or motion images using video, still or motion film cameras.

29. Explain 5 scheduling tips use in shoot?

Answer:
1. Break down the scene:
There is a ton of moving parts when figuring out how long it will take to
plan your movie. If you’re a first assistant director, or producer, you know
this well. You’ll get handed a script and know it’s time to break it down. If
you’re not familiar with script breakdowns, it’s okay!
2. Collaborate w/ shot lists:
Now that you have more information on the elements in the scene, and a
general idea of how much time to add for each of them, you can take
planning a step further.
3. Make your schedule:

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 Now that we have a better idea of what elements we are dealing with, and
an estimate on how long each shot will take, we can start plugging that
information directly into our schedule.
4. Scheduling tips cheat sheet:
We’ve touched on some of these factors already but we went ahead and
put together a handy cheat sheet.

30. Explain Why Do I Need More Than 1 Lens?

Answer: The lens really depends on the situation, your budget, and
your hobbies. Most cameras are pre packed with a standard 18-55mm
or 18-80mm lens. For the average user these should be fine, but
depending on what you like to shoot you might need a different lens.

31. Clarify the Sample of reported job titles in repairing digital

camera?
Answer:
Camera Repair Technician
Camera Repairman
Camera Technician
Photo Equipment Technician
Photo Technologist
32. Which kind of power supply camera used?
Answer: Most of the lesser expensive CCTV and HD over coax cameras
use 12V DC. Most include an individual 12V DC power supply or can use
a multi-camera power supply box. Many higher end commercial grade
cameras come in dual voltage, which allows installers to use a 12V DC or
24VAC power supply.
33. Which area a flash diffuser is placed on digital camera?
Answer: is an attache to the upper part of an external flash unit. It's
used to soften or spread the harsh, concentrated light that bursts out of
the flash, creating a more even and flattering light on the subject
34. Apply top tips to ensure safer lifting and handling of digital
camera?
Answer:
1. Assess what needs to be done. ...
2. Decide what can be lifted safely. ...
3. Identify ways of reducing the risk. ...
4. Rearrange the task. ...
5. Assess the nature of the load. ...
6. Assess the work environment. ...
7. Plan how tasks will be done in advance. ...
8. Use safe lifting techniques

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 35. How do you attach lens to the camera body?
Answer: You have to rotate the lens till the lens pops out to attach back
the lens look for the white mark on the lens. And a corresponding white
mark on the rim of the mount of the camera
36. Explain 5 cleaning technique used to avoid damage camera
equipment and prepare for transport
Answer:
1: Remove general waste.
2: High dust.
3: Clean & disinfect all flat surfaces.
4: Clean & Disinfect restroom.
5: Dust Mop floor:
6: Stock supplies and perform final inspection:
7: Wet Mop floor:
37. Explain the role of camera bag in photograph?
Answer:
Camera bags are specifically designed to house and protect your camera,
lenses, laptop, and all your other accessories such as batteries, filters
and speedlights wherever you are in the world
38. Explain the use of camera position around the subject?
Answer:
• Different camera positions can help tell your story
• Shoot from above or below, as well as from eye level
• Film from different positions around the subject as well
39. Analysis the picture below then answer the question asked:

A) What is flash capacitor?

Answer: is an electrolytic capacitor used in flash cameras,
professional flashes, and also in solid-state laser power supplies
B) Why camera disassembly should not be attempted by anyone
unfamiliar with basic electrical components and safety precautions?
Answer: Because of electrical sock cause by flash capacitor in that case before
downloading or following any of these guides, please first read the following

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post concerning the risk of severe flash capacitor electrical shock, and how to
mitigate it when working on the exposed internal components of your camera

40. Differentiate passive with active adapter?

Answer:
Active adapter Passive adapter
Active adapters use additional If there is no chip, the adapter is
chips to make the conversion inside considered passive
the adapter
More Expensive Not expensive

41. How long does a camera battery take to charge in the list
below justify your answer?

Answer: 2hours: Typically, a completely exhausted camera battery

takes about two hours to fully charge. This is when it is charged at
room temperature that is approximately 73 degrees Fahrenheit.

42. How does USB camera work?

Answer: A USB webcam is a camera that connects to a computer, usually
through plugging it in to a USB port on the machine. The video is fed to the
computer where a software application lets you view the pictures and also
transfer them to the Internet.
43. What are basic rules to follow when we need to develop good
reporting skills?
Answer:
 Be Prepared Before Reporting.
 Be Prepared but Not Rigid.
 Don't Be Afraid of Silences.
 Ask for Clarification.
 Ask Fast Talkers to Slow Down.
44. Design 3 camera mount kit you have seen in your school?
Answer:
Drone

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 Tripord

45. Create a diagram of camera set up according to determined

angle of 900,450and 100 (degree) to the point A

Answer:

46. A)Draw at list 2 cleaning equipment

B) Rename each

Answer:
blower

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brush

Question 47:a) What is make-up?(2Marks)

Answer: Make-up is cosmetics applied to the face to improve or change

yourappearance. You use it to make yourself just a tiny bit prettier.

b) Give at least two (2) importance of make-up to a client.(2Marks)

Answer:

 Is used as a beauty aid to help build up the self-esteem and

confidence of an individual. (1Mark)
 Is used to change or enhance the way we look. (1Mark)

Question 48:What is a contraindication?(2Marks)

Answer:

 A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure,

or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person.

Reference: (LU 1, Prepare client, LO 2, Correct and explain

contraindications to client and refer to an appropriate professional where
required, Curriculum level 4 Multimedia, page 388, year 2016)

Question 48:What is the importance of washing a face every day?

(1Marks)

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Answer:

 Washing a face everyday removes every last trace of dirt, excess oil,
pollution and unwanted skin cells off of your face

Question 49:What do you understand by the term camouflage? (2Marks)

Answer:

 Camouflage: is the application of make-up creams and/or powders to

conceal color or contour irregularities or abnormalities of the face or
body.

Question 50.The Threshold tool allows you to alter the amount of

whiteness and blackness in each image. It measures the levels of darkness
in the image, and by changing those levels, the image can look
dramatically different. Explain the process of adding a threshold
adjustment in adobe Photoshop (4Marks)

Marking Scheme

Go to Image(1Mark)>Adjustments(1Mark)>Threshold(2Marks). In the Threshold

dialog, drag the slider under the histogram to a Threshold Level of about 30, and click
OK.

Question 51. Compare the following file formats in term of best time
to use(4Marks)
Marking Scheme

Column A
JPEGs
JPEGs are ideal for photography
because they're the best of the three
for color preservation(2Marks)
Column B
PNGs
PNGs should be used for art that
needs to be saved at a higher
quality or requires a
transparentbackground —

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 recommended for logos.(2Marks)

Question 52.Free space is a term used to describe the available storage

capacity of a drive or disk.Interpret the following image that represent
full disk, how to free up hard drive space on your desktop or
laptop?(4Marks)

Marking Scheme

1. Uninstall unnecessary apps and programs. (1Mark)

2. Clean your desktop.(1Mark)

3. Use the Disk Cleanup Tool.(1Mark)

4. Discard temporary files. (1Mark)

5. Deal with downloads. (1Mark)

6. Save to the cloud.(1Mark)

Question 52. What would the result be when you print RGB?(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

Most printers will convert your RGB file to CMYK but it can result in some
colors appearing washed out so it is best to have your file saved as CMYK
beforehand(3Marks). Also Using the RGB color mode will often result in the
printed version of the image looking rather pink(3Marks).

Question 53.How CMYK solves the problem of readability for printed

design? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme

o The CMYK color mode will give you more accurate results.(1Mark)

23
 o CMYK is a subtractive method of printing that relies on layered dots of
color to mask the white background of the paper. More ink on the
paper means less light that reflects (hence the subtraction).(1Mark)
o CMYK is the color printing process used in the majority of printed
materials you come across. It is also called process or 4-color. CMYK
stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black. These four inks
are printed together to create full color images .(1Mark)

Question 54.What would result if you decrease saturation in photo during

postproduction?(3Marks)

Marking Scheme

Color saturation refers to the intensity of color in an image. As the saturation

increases, the colors appear to be more pure. As the saturation decreases, the
colors appear to be more washed-out or pale.(3Marks)

Question 55. In photography, Color correction involves adjusting the

colors to make them as accurate as possible. It's a crucial part
of photo editing since your camera doesn't always, describeHow do you
make part of an image black in Photoshop? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme

Choose Window(1Mark)> Adjustments to open the Adjustments

panel(1Mark). Then click the Black & White adjustment icon in the
Adjustments panel.(1Mark)

Question 56. How would you change image size in Photoshop?

(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

24
 1. With Photoshop open, go to File > Open and select an image.
(0.5Mark)
2. Go to Image > Image Size.(0.5Mark)
3. An Image Size dialog box will appear like the one pictured
below.(0.5Mark)
4. Enter new pixel dimensions, document size, or resolution. (0.5Mark)
5. Select Resampling Method. (0.5Mark)
6. Click OK to accept the changes.(0.5Mark)

Question 57. which factors would you change if you are saving/exporting
image will be printed in Photoshop (3Marks)
Marking Scheme

o Colour mode(CMYK)(1Mark)
o File format(TIFF/PDF)(1Mark)
o Image quality(1Mark)
Question 58.what is the function of color correction in photography?
(4Marks)
Marking Scheme

1. It sets the mood of your image. (4 Marks)

Question 59.Can you distinguish betweenPDF and TIFF format?(4Marks)

Marking Scheme

PDF TIFF
o PDF stands for Portable
o TIFF stands for Tag Image File
Document Format(1Mark)
Format(1Mark)
o Security You can protect PDF
o TIFF has no in-depth, built-in
files with a password, restricting
security features. You can only
viewing, editing and printing
allow or disallow access. (1Mark)
privileges to authorized users
o lossless
only. (1Mark)

25
o Compressionpdf is
lossless(1Mark)
o Suitability as an Input
Formattypically accept TIFF
images as input(1Mark)
compression methods(1Mark)
o Suitability as an Input Format
but not PDF files.(1Mark)

Question 60.When you have been finish your final image output, you need
data backup to save important files if a system crash or hard drive failure
occurs. List 4 different ways you can save and store data (4Marks)
Marking Scheme

o Keep It in the Cloud.(1Mark)

o Save It to an External Hard Drive.(1Mark)
o Burn It to a CD, DVD, or Blu-Ray Disc.(1Mark)
o Put It on a USB Flash Drive.(1Mark)
o Save It to a NAS Device. A NAS (Network AttachedStorage) device is
data storage device that connects to and is accessed via a network,
instead of directly to a computer.(1Mark)

Question 61:List down the features and objectives of camouflage make-up.

(3Marks)

Answer:

Objectives

-Conceal imperfections while giving a natural effect /0.5

-Ensure long-lasting makeup hold /0.5

-Be easy to apply. /0.5

Features:
-provide coverage /0.5

26
-be available in a variety of colors /0.5
-give a mattifying effect /0.5

Question 62: What possible aftercare advice can be given to a client after
a make-up treatment?(2Marks)

Answer:

 Appropriate products to aid removal of eye and base make-up.

/1Mark
 Application techniques and tools. /1Mark
 Suitable make-up ranges for skin tones. /1Mark
 Skincare routines designed by specific skin type needs/1Mark

Question 63:Which health and safety working practices do we have to

consider in preparing for and during make-up application.
(2Marks)

Answer:

 Use of disposable mascara wands, lip brushes and spatulas in work

area. /1Mark
 Using an adjustable chair whilst working to ensure correct artist and
client posture. /1Mark
 Sanitising hands and tools in between and after each client. /1Mark

Question 63: Give at least six (6) make-up application areas. (3Marks)

Answer:

 Forehead lines(0.5Mark)
 Frown lines(0.5Mark)
 Crow‘s feet(0.5Mark)
 Wrinkles in the neck(0.5Mark)
 Wrinkles in the chin(0.5Mark)
 Smile lines(0.5Mark)
 Swollen face(0.5Mark)

Question 64:Outline at least three (3) skin care suitable for face and
neck area.
(3Marks)

Answer:

27
  Products for normal/sensitive skin are suggested for those who
have no specific skin care concerns.(1Mark)
 Products for oily/combination skin are suggested for those who
accumulate oil in their T-zone (that is, the forehead, nose and/or
chin) while other areas remain normal or even dry. (1Mark)
 Product for dry skin is suggested for those with tight, dry skin in some or
most areas of their face and may include flaking skin.(1Mark)

Question 65: Define the following terms: (4Marks)

Answer:

a) Bronzer: It is a product which gives skin color by adding golden or

bronze glow.(1Mark)
b) Concealer: It is a product which covers any imperfections of the skin
such as blemishes and marks. (1Mark)
c) Lip gloss: It is all about adding color to the lips. (1Mark)
d) Mascara: It darkens, lengthens, and thickens the eyelashes. (1Mark)

Question 66: Outline the advantages of knowing you face shape in make-
up application. (3Marks)

Answer:

 In order to highlight your best features while putting on your

makeup, it is necessary to know your face shape.
(1Mark)
 Knowing your face shape will also help you to choose the best
hairstyle and jewellery so that you always look your best.
(1Mark)
 Often, you will find tips on makeup and hairstyle by face shapes.
Unless you know your face shape, you will not be able to apply
these tips properly. (1Mark)

Question 67: List at least four (4) make-up products you know. (2Marks)

Answer:

 Eye make-up remover(1Mark)

 Cleansing lotions(1Mark)
 Milks(1Mark)
 Creams(1Mark)
 Foams(1Mark)

28
  Oils and gels(1Mark)
 Skin toners(1Mark)
 Fresheners(1Mark)
 Astringents and tonic(1Mark)
 Moisturizing creams(1Mark)
 Eye creams and gels(1Mark)
 Serums(1Mark)
 Color corrective products (lilac, green, orange)(1Mark)
 Foundations (cream, liquid, mousse, gel, blocks, compacts, cakes, light
reflecting, all- in-one, mineral, matt)(1Mark)
 Concealers (cream, stick, liquid), Face powders (loose, compact, mineral,
light-reflecting, shimmer)(1Mark)
 Bronzing products (powder, gel, liquid)(1Mark)
 Shaders(1Mark)
 Highlighters(1Mark)
 Cheek products (cream, powder, liquid tints, mineral-based)(1Mark)
 Eyebrow products (pencils, powders, gels)(1Mark)

Question 68: List at least four (4) make-up tools you know.(2Marks)

Answer:

 Couch or chair(1Mark)
 Trolley(1Mark)
 Stool1Mark)
 Towels(1Mark)
 Blanket(1Mark)
 Headband(1Mark)
 Bedroll(1Mark)
 Robe(1Mark)
 Disposable slippers(1Mark)
 Disinfecting fluid(1Mark)
 Magnifying lamp(1Mark)
 Tissues(1Mark)
 Cotton wool(1Mark)
 Sponges(1Mark)
 Gloves(1Mark)
 Spatulas(1Mark)
 Bowls(1Mark)
 Cosmetic sponges(1Mark)
 Make-up brushes(1Mark)

29
  Disposable applicators(1Mark)
 Make-up palette(1Mark)
 Mirror(1Mark)
 Sterilizing solution(1Mark)
 Brush cleanser(1Mark)
 UV cabinet(1Mark)

Question 69: List at least three (3) model requirements you know.
(3Marks)

Answer:

 Height (1Mark)
 Age (1Mark)
 Measurements (waist and hips)(1Mark)

Question 70 :Explain clearly the types of make-up artist you know.

(5Marks)

Answer:

 Cosmetic or Fashion Makeup Artists: A fashion makeup artist is a

makeup artist (MUA) who specializes in doing makeup in fashion settings.
This can include magazines, the fashion runway, and video promotions for
the fashion industry.(1Mark)

 Special Occasions Makeup Artists – As the tag says, these makeup artists
specialize in preparing clients for special occasions such as weddings, social
events, dances, red carpet events and corporate events. (1Mark)

 Film Makeup Artist: Film makeup artists devise and apply the theatrical
makeup designs for actors in feature films and television.(1Mark)

 Clinical Makeup Artists: Television and theater makeup artist is the

one who is responsible to:

-Make faces appear natural under various lighting conditions.

-Improve or alter the appearance of talent, actors, etc.

30
 -Add to the character of an actor, e.g. happy or tired
appearance.
-Create special effects, e.g. age, wounds, etc.(1Mark)

 TV and Theater Makeup Artists: Television and theater makeup artist

is the one who is responsible to:

-Make faces appear natural under various lighting conditions.

-Improve or alter the appearance of talent, actors, etc.
-Add to the character of an actor, e.g. happy or tired
appearance.
-Create special effects, e.g. age, wounds, etc.(1Mark)

 Clinical Makeup Artists: These makeup artists are usually employed at

hospitals and dermatology/plastic surgery clinics and work on helping
those suffering after effects of chemotherapy or with facial defects such
as minor deformities, scars, burns or birth marks etc. to look as close to
normal as possible.(1Mark)

 Personal Care Makeup Artists: Many celebrities hire their own personal
care makeup artists who work exclusively for them, often as a key
member of their entourage.(1Mark)

Question 71: Identify the face shapes you know (at least five).(5Marks)

Answer:

 Oval face shapes: look like an egg standing upside down. The top
tends to be wider than the bottom. Beauticians love the oval face
shape as it is held to be the most perfect shape. (1Mark)
 Square shapes: are those where the width and the length of the
face are almost equal. If you have a square face, you will have a
defined jaw and an almost straight hairline. (1Mark)
 The round face: shapes are also as long as they are wide, but the
jaw is more curved. The largest width of the face is noted along the
cheekbones. (1Mark)
 The triangular face shape: has hairline that is either straight or
slightly rounded. The top is wider while the face narrows
downwards into a long and pointed jaw. (1Mark)

31
  The heart face shape: is very similar to the triangle, but the
hairline is shaped like a widow‘s peak. (1Mark)
 The diamond face shape: is that where the face is slightly longer
than it is wide with high set cheekbones and a slightly pointed jaw
line. (1Mark)
 Finally, the oblong face shape: is one where the length of the face
is more than the width. The jaw is rounded while the width of the
cheeks, jaw and forehead are almost the same. (1Mark)
Question 72:Identify the steps of you must follow when doing face clean
up at home. (3Marks)

Answer:

 Cleansing: Wash your face thoroughly with a facial cleanser or face wash, and pat
the skin dry with a soft towel. "Avoid hot water as it dries out theskin(0.5Mark)

 Steaming: Steam for as long as yourskincan sustain (approximately 5 minutes) and then
gently wipe the face with a facial tissue. This step works wonders for oily skin. Massage
your face using an ice cube (in circular motions), thereafter, to tighten the pores and
bring back the skin temperature to normal. (0.5Mark)
 Scrubbing: Proceed by applying a face scrub for a few minutes
since it helps eliminate dead skin cells, which make your skin look
dull. (0.5Mark)

 Face Pack: The application of moisturizing face pack makes your skin soft and also
improves your skin tone. Bananas, tomato and papaya are also known to have a
cleansing and tightening effect on the skin.(0.5Mark)
 Toning: Apply a home-made toner on your face, such as cucumber juice and rose
water, which helps maintain the pH balance.(0.5Mark)
 Moisturisation: Finally, apply a nourishing cream on your face and neck. (0.5Mark)

Question 73:Choose the best word from the parenthesis to complete the
following sentences: (Normal skin, Minor skin blemishes, Normal skin, Dry
skin, Sensitive Skin, Combination skin). (5Marks)

a) A Dry skin has very less pores.(1Mark)

b) A skin which has a good blood circulation is calledNormal skin (1Mark)
c) A type of skin which need special care is Combination skin (1Mark)

32
d) ASensitive skin can become inflamed and irritated after even touching
it.(1Mark)
e) Oily skin leaves blot of sebum on tissue particularly on cheeks, fore head
and nose.(1Mark)

Question 74:List and explain clearly at least two (2) types of

contraindications you know.(2Marks)

Answer:

 Bacterial, viral or fungal infections that causes a red,

circular, itchy rash. (1Mark)
 Acne is a skin disease involving the oil glands at the base of
hair follicles(1Mark)
 Impetigo a contagious bacterial skin infection forming
pustules and yellow crusty sores.(1Mark)
 Scabies a contagious skin disease marked by itching and
small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite.(1Mark)
 Rashes, an area of redness and spots on a person's skin,
appearing especially as a result of illness.(1Mark)
 Boils and carbuncles are painful, pus-filled bumps that
form under your skin when bacteria infect and inflame one
or more of your hair follicles.(1Mark)
 Sunburn reddening, inflammation, and, in severe cases,
blistering and peeling of the skin caused by overexposure to
the ultraviolet rays of the sun(1Mark)
 Traumasevere emotional shock and pain caused by an
extremely upsetting experience(1Mark)

 Bruises an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin

on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing
underlying blood vessels.(1Mark)
Question 76:Identify the eight (8) steps of preparing a client for make-up
application. (4Marks)

Answer:

 Proceeding with washing hands. (0.5Mark)

33
  Placement of head pad on couch (0.5Mark)
 Positions of seat client (0.5Mark)
 Placement of headband or turban on client (0.5Mark)
 Placement of cape around client to protect clothing.
 Individual client workstation (0.5Mark)
 Placement and adjusting of make-up chair (0.5Mark)
 Installation of make-up lighting at each workstation
(0.5Mark)

Question 77:List at least ten (10) types of cosmetics you know.

(5Marks)

Answer:

 Primers (0.5 Marks)

 Concealers(0.5 Marks)
 Foundation(0.5 Marks)
 Bronzer(0.5 Marks)
 Highlighter (0.5 Marks)
 Eyebrow pencil (0.5 Marks)
 Eye shadow (0.5 Marks)
 Eye liner (0.5 Marks)
 False eyelashes (0.5 Marks)
 Mascara (0.5 Marks)
 Nail polish (0.5 Marks)

Question 78:How do you apply camouflage make-up? (3Marks)

Answer:

 Cleansing: Before applying makeup, we recommend to always

cleanse skin.
A mild, either rinse-off or rinse-free, cleanser is ideal that does not alter
the hydro-lipid layer over the skin surface and preserves the barrier
function. (1Mark)
 Moisturisation: After cleansing skin, it is essential to moisturize
it with a well-tolerated, creamy, lightweight product or a

34
 concentrated fluid, if your skin is particularly dehydrated.
(1Mark)
 Neutralizing the discoloration: Neutralizing the color of the
blemish is done according to the theory of complementary colors:
since opposite colors cancel each other out, the starting color is
neutralized by an optical effect. (1Mark)
Question 79: Identify the types of primers used in make-up application.
(2Marks)

Answer:

 Hydrating primer: It is also known as oil based primer. This type of primer is
the ideal for people with dry skin. It ensures that a skin is deeply nourished
and has no dry patches.(1Mark)

 Illuminating Primer: This type of primer adds a hint of sheen to the skin,
it makes the skin appear dewy and glass like. It is great to use for special
occasions and events as at will add a glow to a face. (1Mark)

 Color correcting primer: This is a type of primer for the face that helps us
counteract underlying the skin tones. (1Mark)

Question 80: What are the steps would you follow when applying make-up
products to a client? (6Marks)

Answer:

 Step 1: Moisturize or apply a primer. (0.5 Marks)

 Step 2: Fill in brows (0.5 Marks)
 Step 3: Apply foundation. (0.5 Marks)
 Step4: Cover dark spots with concealer. (0.5 Marks)
 Step 5: Add eye shadow. (0.5 Marks)
 Step 6: Finish off the eye look with liner (0.5 Marks)
 Step7: Add blush to the apples of cheeks. (0.5 Marks)
 Step 8: Apply highlighter (0.5 Marks)
 Step 10: Swipe on a statement lip(0.5 Marks)
 Step 11: Set your entire face with setting powder or
spray—or both. (0.5 Marks)
 Step 12: Finally, put on mascara(0.5 Marks)

35
Question 81: Explain at least four(4) types of foundation coverage you
know. (4Marks)

Answer:

 Sheer Coverage: is a transparent foundation which gives the least

amount of pigment. It will just brighten up your complexion and not hide
any flaws or scars on the skin.(1Mark)

 Medium Coverage: It offers enough coverage to even skin tone, cover

dark circles, and mask small blemishes while still being blendable
enough to sheer out and let your skin show through. (1Mark)
 Medium to Full Coverage: This foundation will act similarly to a
medium coverage foundation, with the option to build coverage up to a
full coverage look. (1Mark)
 Full Coverage: This foundation contains the most pigment, and will
cover skin completely. For those truly focused on having flawless skin for
an event or photography, this coverage will achieve full coverage for
heavy discoloration or other skin issues. (1Mark)

Question 82:Why do we need to identify client‘s skin type before doing make-
up application? (2Marks)

Answer:

 The biggest reason why we need to identify client‘s skin type before doing
make-up is because it helps to in the selection of the products for good
make-up.(2Mark)

Question 83:List and explain at least three (3) cleaning products you know.
(3Marks)

Answer:

 Dry Skin Cleansers: Those are the cleansers which are used to
moisturize a skin. It makes a skin feels soft and smooth.
(1Mark)

 Oily skin cleansers: Those are the cleansers which lift away dirt and oily
without tripping a skin. (1Mark)

36
  Combination skin cleansers: Those are gel cleansers which are gentle
enough to treat dry skin and efficient enough to buff away impurities and
unclog pores.(1Mark)
Question 84:Explain the purpose of cosmetics to the person. (3Marks)

Answer: The cosmetics was designed to:

 Enhance one's appearance (makeup) (1Mark)

 Conceal (prevent (something) from being known) blemishes(1Mark)
 Enhance one's natural features (such as the eyebrows and eyelashes)(1Mark)
 Add color to a person's face (1Mark)

Question 85:Elaborate at least three (3) vegetables or fruits which can be used
when doing face clean up. (3Marks)

Answer:

 Bananas(1Mark)
 Tomato (1Mark)
 Papaya(1Mark)

Question 86:Read carefully the following statements then answer the following
questions by True or False. (5Marks)

a) In make-up application it is not necessary to use bold colors.

b) Cakey foundation is the best when taking natural portraits.
c) Fake lashes are not necessary when we want to accentuate the eyes.
d) During make-up application we have to make sure that the outfits
complement the make-up.
e) Using shimmery products is the best way to avoid shiny pictures.

Answer:

a) False (1Mark)
b) False(1Mark)
c) False(1Mark)
d) True(1Mark)
e) False(1Mark)

Question 87:Define the following terms term (3Marks )

Marking Scheme

37
 a) Image resolutions:Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image.
Resolution is sometimes identified by the width and height of the image as
well as the total number of pixels in the image. (1Mark)
b) Image pixels: is really just a shortening for 'picture element' meaning one
single one of those tiny digital dots that is a single color(1Mark)
c) File size: The file size of an image is the digital size of the image file,

measured in kilobytes (K), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB). (1Mark)

Question88:What are the different types of image resolution? At least

(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

o Pixel resolution (1Mark)

o Spatial resolution(1Mark)

o Spectral resolution (1Mark)

o Temporal resolution(1Mark)

o Radiometric resolution(1Mark)

Question 89. Multiple Choice.

Choose The letter of the best Answer. /3Marks

Marking Scheme
Qi. We call the absence of text and graphic in a design
a) White space(1Mark)
b) Blank area
c) Empty space
d) Open area

Qii. The color mode that works best for images that will be viewed onscreen
a) RGB(1Mark)

38
 b) CMYK
c) GPY
d) BYM
Qiii. The color mode that works best for images that will be printed
a) CMYK(1Mark)
b) RGB
c) PCM
d) PYG
Qiv. The ideal image resolution for images that will be viewed onscreen
a) 72(1Mark)
b) 56
c) 48
d) 256
Qv.What is the file extension of a document that is saved, with history and
layers and can still fully edited in Photoshop?
a) PSD(1Mark)
b) JPG
c) PNG
d) GIF
Qvi. What is a pixel?
a) A single point on a computer scree(1Mark)
b) A saved Photoshop file
c) An object in the tool panel
d) A graphic design element

Question 90. Match the color tone in column A with corresponding

description in column B by writing the answer in a provided
space
(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

39
 Answer Column A Column B
A. An image looks more sharp or more
1.F(1Mark) 1. Color tone
detailed
2. Contrast B. It looks similar to grain found in
2.D(0.5Mark)
Sensitivity film photographs
C. Unwanted changes in photos that result
3.A(0.5Mark) 3. Blurring
from the inner workings of your camera.
D. It measures the ability of visual system
4.B(0.5Mark) 4. Visual Noise to discriminate an object from its
background
E. Photogrammetry is used for accurate
5.C(0.5Mark) 5. Artifacts measurements on remote sensing
images and photographs
F. It is produced either by mixing
a color with grey, or by both tinting and
shading

Question 91.Why digital printing is a modern method of production that

makes prints from electronic files? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
It because involvesyour artwork being created on a computer and then printed
directly onto the material of your choice.(3Marks)

Question 92.Why do we need to retouch image? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme

We retouch photos that have some parts of their body with acne, wrinkles,
blemishes and many other things that might dent the image of the model. It is
thus the duty of the photographer:
 to enhance the outlook of the model (1Mark)
 increase their beauty(1Mark)
 and make them more appealing(1Mark)
Question 93. What is White Balance in Photography? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme

40
White balance is used to adjust colors to match the color of the light
source so that white objects appear white.(3Marks) or

white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the

image looks more natural. (3Marks)

Question 94.How do I remove the orange color in Photoshop?(3Marks)

Marking Scheme
Go to Image(1Mark)> Adjustments (1Mark)> Match Color(1Mark).

In the dialog box, check Neutralize. In many cases, this one simple check box
is enough to do the job!

Question 95.Are the following statements true(correct) or

false(wrong)?(3Marks)
Marking Scheme
Qi. Image programs save graphics with specific extensions indicating the file
format.True(1Mark)

Qii.Each image management program has a file format specific to that program
called it native or default format. True(1Mark)

Qiii.Different file formats are appropriate for different situations, so it is

important to understand the distinctions between the various file formats.
True(1Mark)

Question 96.What is the difference between image size, file size, and
image quality?
(3Marks)
Marking Scheme
Image size: This represents the physical size and resolution of an image
measured in pixels. For example, A 10 megapixel (MP) camera may provide
settings to take pictures in 10.2 MP (3872 x 2592), 5.6 MP (2896 x 1944), and
2.5 MP (1936 x 1296). A higher image size setting means a larger picture and
bigger file size. A lower image size setting makes a smaller picture and smaller

41
file size. Depending on your camera, there may be different sizes
available.(1Mark)
File size: This is the amount of space that the image file takes up on your
memory card, or internal memory if your camera has one. It is measured in
megabytes. The actual file size depends on the image size and image quality
settings selected on the camera.(1Mark)
Image quality: This dictates how much compression is used to record the
file information. Some digital cameras have a Fine and Standard
setting where the Fine setting uses less compression than the Standard setting.
Therefore, the detail of a picture taken with the Fine setting is a sharper than
one taken with the Standard setting. Similar to the image size setting
discussed above, this also affects the file size. Since the Fine setting uses less
compression and records more detail, the file size will be larger than one
recorded with the standard setting.(1Mark)

Question 97: What is composition in photography? (3Marks)

Marking Scheme
Photo composition refers to the arrangement of elements in a photograph.
Question 98: How to hold DSLR camera while capturing photographic
images? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
You need to hold the camera as steady as possible. Hold the camera's handgrip
in your right hand and cradle the camera body or lens with your left.
You pick it up with the lens pointing away from you, put your eye to the
viewfinder and press the shutter button.
Question99: What do you want your images to communicate and what are
specific concept or vision you have in mind that you have to
communicate the audience? (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
Use emotive words to communicate the style and mood you hope to achieve
and list any specific shots you need. This helps the photographer organize their
shot-list, equipment, props and talent before the day of the shoot.

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Question4. List at least 4 types of scanners. (3Marks)
Answer: Flatbed Scanner, Film Scanner, Handheld Scanner and Sheeted
Scanner.
Question 100: Define the term Culling images and Bokeh. (3Marks)
Marking scheme
Bokeh is the orbs created when lights are out of focus in an image. It‘s a neat
effect to have in the background of a photo, created through wide apertures. It
will have an interesting effect on your image quality.
Culling images is process of choosing the best images from pictures or images
that will actually delivered to your client.
Question 101: a) What is metadata? (1Mark)
b) List atleast two (2) examples of image metadata. (2Marks)
Marking Scheme
a) Metadata is set of data that describes and gives information of the other
data.
b) Pixels, Width and Height, date
Question 102: Define Design concept in photography. (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
A design concept is the core idea driving the design of a product, explained via
a collection of sketches, images, and a written statement.
Question 103: Define Images Back up and Images archive (3Marks)
Marking Scheme
A data backup is a copy to another location for disaster recovery in the event of
data loss, damage, error or corruption. An organization uses backup to restore
data to its previously copied state following an incident. Common incidents for
restoring from data backup include human error, natural disasters and
cyberattacks.
Archiving is the process of moving data to another location for long-term
retention. Unlike backup, archived data is not a copy, but rather inactive data
an organization needs to keep. Reasons for archiving include legal regulations
and compliance. Depending on the organization and type of original data, an
archive may hold data for years. Archiving can also save an organization money
by moving data off of a more costly primary storage device.

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Question 104.How to Convert RGB to CMYK in Photoshop (4Marks)
Marking Scheme

To covert from RGB to CMYK; select 'Image' (1Mark)- 'Mode'(1Mark)-'CMYK

Color'.(1Mark)

Question 105.Explain how to Preparing Images for Print (4Marks)

Marking Scheme

When preparing images for print, the highest quality images are desired. The
ideal file format choice for print is TIFF,(2Marks) or PDF(2Marks)

With your image opened in Adobe Photoshop, go to the "File"(1Mark)menu and

select "Save As”. (1Mark)

Question 106.What are the pros and cons of using low-resolution images?
(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

Pros
o These are usually smaller in
terms of their file size than high-
resolution images (1.5 Marks)
o They can be uploaded more
easily online, or sent in emails
and through messaging services
like WhatsApp and Facebook
Messenger.(1.5 Marks)
Cons
o Low-resolution images will not
be able to show the same level
of detail as higher resolution
ones (1.5 Marks)
o If you need to crop an image
heavily, you are basically out of
luck – your will lose a lot of
resolution and your images will
become much smaller when
doing so.(1.5 Marks)

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Question 107. what are the difference between RGB and CMYK color model?
/3Marks

Marking Scheme

RGB
o RGB is an additive color
model(1.5Marks)
o RGB uses white as a
combination of all primary
colors and black as the
absence of light.(1.5Marks)
o RGB color mode is used
primarily for digital
communications like
television or
websites.(1.5Marks)
o RGB stands for the three
primary colors, Red, Green
and Blue.(1.5Marks)
CMYK
o CMYK is
subtractive(1.5Marks)
o CMYK, on the other hand,
uses white as the natural
color of the print background
and black as a combination of
colored inks.(1.5Marks)
o CMYK is used for print pieces
like brochures and business
cards(1.5Marks)
o CMYK stands for the Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow,
Black(1.5Marks)

Question 108.What are the consequences of visual noise in an

image?(3Marks)
Marking Scheme

Reduces perceived image quality and affects look decoration.(3Marks)

Question 109. Imagine that you are the photo editor, your client wants to
enlarge more hips and thighs. How would you do that?(3Marks)
On a duplicate of your top layer(1Mark), go to Filter(1Mark) -
>Liquify(1Mark). We use the Forward Warp Tool which can be found at the top

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left of the dialogue, and allows you to push and pull the image. Use this Tool to
bring in her/his body and hips a big.

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