STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
1.1
OK. So, am I good at remembering faces and
names? Yeah, well, OK … I guess, but it used
to be better. When I was a kid, I had what they
call a photographic memory. I would only need
to be introduced to someone very quickly and
later I’d be able to tell my parents about the
colour of their hair, what they’d been wearing
and so on, down to the tiniest detail. And I
remembered all the details for ages. It came in
very useful for school tests. Once, the teacher
accused me of cheating. The question was
about irregular past tenses and we had to
write down as many as we could remember.
We’d learnt about ten in the unit that we’d
been studying but, of course, I remembered
the whole page from the back of the book. I
was writing down the twenty-fifth – see how
I remember the exact number? – when she
came up to me and accused me of having a
list somewhere in my pockets! But now, when
I could really do with being able to remember
things more sharply for my exams, it seems to
have faded. But I’m wondering … sorry – faces
and names – yeah, OK-ish. And you are? Sorry,
just kidding!
1.2
I work for the Met Police Force in London
and I’m an official ‘super recogniser’! What’s
that? Right, it’s what we call people who have
an extraordinary memory for faces. It’s not
something you can train to do; it’s an ability
that a very small percentage of the population
is born with. Luckily, I’m one of them. Some
people can recall conversations word for word.
I’m not one of them. And as for dates, times,
etc. – no. People always need to jog my memory
about things like that. I also tend to block out
memories of things that have upset me – as
I guess lots of people do – and I was always
hopeless at memorising things for tests. I even
needed to be reminded when a test was! My
sister used to say that I had a selective memory
– only remembering what I wanted to. But I
can recognise people I’ve seen once years and
years ago. And it’s not something that requires a
conscious effort. I don’t focus and commit faces
to memory. It just happens, subconsciously – I
remember them. The police use people like me
to scan photos of individuals and groups to
spot people, like petty criminals in potential riot
situations and so on. It’s weird – sometimes it
only takes the shape of a chin or a pair of eyes to
trigger a memory of someone I’ve seen before
in another situation. It’s a useful skill, but it can
freak people out. Like recently, I approached
someone and told them I recognised them from
a beach in Australia five years ago … then I
realised how embarrassing that was!
1.3
1 I could never really see the point of telling
other people about every single aspect of
your life. And I was infuriated by Facebook
because I’m sure a lot of people just made
stuff up about what they were doing just
to make other people jealous. But I find
Instagram is different – sharing visuals of
what I’m doing actually makes me closer
to my friends. I did run into trouble at
175  Photocopiable © Pearson Education Limited 2019
first because too many people could
see my posts but it was because I didn’t
understand how to set it up. Although it
seems self-interested, my group talks about
our posts when we meet up, so we actually
communicate more.
2 I use Snapchat a lot – you can make mini
movies and add witty captions. Also, I
wanted something that my parents aren’t
on, unlike Facebook! When I first used
it, I was upset by having no record of a
school trip because it disappeared, but I’ve
learnt now to save what I need. I can share
the same kind of banter I have when I’m
actually with my friends – nothing heavy or
important. I can see who’s looking at my
stuff and the people I hang around with join
in with the joke whether we’re together or
not. And it’s not permanent.
3 I’ve really got into putting vlogs up on
YouTube. I just talk about things that have
happened during the week. It feels like I’m
having a chat with mates. It takes time but
it’s worth it. I’m inspired by the likes and
comments I get; I like looking back at them
all and seeing what people were thinking
at the time. Once I talked about something
that happened in school and then regretted
it as it was too personal. I took it down, but
still too many people saw it. I don’t mind
criticism though as my real interest is in
building followers. One day I might even
make some money from it!
4 My friends all think I’m very old-fashioned
because I write a diary every day. Even if
I’ve done something very mundane, I make
a note about it ’cos I enjoy looking back at
what I was doing at the same time last year.
The thing is, it’s just for me – it’s my feelings,
and I was angry about one of my friends
reading it once. That was horrible, so now I
don’t talk to anyone about it. Of course, you
don’t get a reaction to your life like you do
on Instagram or something, but I think my
friends are so busy taking photos they’re not
living their lives.
5 I copy something that people used to
do over a hundred years ago. When very
rich people went to stay in each other’s
houses, they made a kind of scrapbook, with
drawings of what happened, what they had
to eat and so on. I enjoy making something
that is a complete one-off, and it’s very
therapeutic and calming. I do share it when
it’s finished by posting a photo of the
finished thing. I used to get very frustrated
with how to draw properly but it’s taught
me to be patient and not worry if it isn’t
perfect. It’s about creating an atmosphere
of the time and it gives you a permanent
record you can look back on.
1.6
1 and a young adult. She was really naughty! After
A: Are historical films and fiction a good way
to learn about the past? Well, in my opinion,
films and novels can be entertaining and yes,
they can give you a sense of a different time
period, but that’s about it. As far as learning
about history goes, I mean, how do you
2ND EDITION C1
separate fact from fiction? I’d say that so
much is made up that you don’t really know
what’s true or not! Personally, I love films
and TV series set in the past – epic stuff like
Braveheart and even more recent things like
The Crown – but I don’t think we can trust
what is portrayed.
B: In my opinion, this is a good way to get
people interested in history. It brings
history alive, especially for students who
perhaps find textbooks a bit boring. Films, in
particular, make people aware that life was
different in the past and often very difficult.
What we see might not be the exact truth,
but it raises awareness and that’s what I
think is important.
A: The next idea is going to museums. I feel
that museums can play …
2
A: Right. Starting with historical films and
fiction. You know, going to films or watching
TV series is a lot of fun, but how much
can we actually learn from them? I mean,
it’s great entertainment, but honestly, so
much is pure invention we can’t learn many
real facts about the past, can we? Got any
thoughts on that?
B: I agree up to a point. You’re right – the
writers don’t necessarily stick to accuracy
when they’re creating something
entertaining, but for me, what they are
doing is making history live. Seeing your
favourite actors in an exciting story set
in another time period is way better than
reading dull, dry facts in a book, don’t you
agree?
A: Actually, you could well be right. I hadn’t
thought of it in that way. But you’ve got
to admit that a lot depends on the type of
film or book, doesn’t it? Well researched
historical fiction can be both entertaining
and educational, as long as people don’t
expect everything they see or read to be the
absolute truth.
B: You’re so right. What they see should
encourage them to maybe read up on the
period and further their knowledge. Now,
what about going to museums …
1.8
Oh, I must tell you about this oral history
project my sister did for school. She had to
find out what life was like fifty years ago in our
town, so she decided to talk to our gran. When
she went to see her, she’d already prepared
some questions from a bit of research she’d
done and so she went and told her what she
was interested in. But then what was good was
she left her phone with gran and asked her to
record things as she was going about her day –
just when she thought of things. So gran talked
about all the things she used to do as a child
she’d had it for a few days, my sister collected
it and listened. Then she split it into things like
what they ate, social life, and so on, and used
the material to prepare a presentation for class.
It was fascinating – and a real insight into what
gran got up to!
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
2.1
Speaker 1: We didn’t have a TV when we were
younger, so we weren’t allowed to watch TV,
and my dad was sort of a little bit sensitive
about us playing outside, so we tended not
to play outside a lot. But that would mean I
chose my friends by the size of their TV and
just visited them a lot – so it wasn’t all bad.
Speaker 2: OK, uh, when I was about fourteen
years old, I remember a mountain-biking race
I was doing. I got down to the bottom after
having what I thought was a very average
performance run, and I seemed to have won
the category – I seemed to be in first place.
But then, after about two hours, when it
came to the podium, I was all hyped up; I
was very happy about it, but then one of the
officials had to come over to me and tell me
politely that there had been a problem with
the timing equipment, ’cos I’d won by quite a
large margin as well. But I hadn’t won in the
end. It turns out I’d come about fifth!
Speaker 3: I seemed to have won the raffle and
I was going to get, like, this giant teddy bear,
and it was really embarrassing because I had,
like, this amazing reaction to it – I was, like,
‘Yes!’ and then they were like … and then I
realised that my numbers got flipped round
in my mind and everyone’s looking at me as
this other girl went to get the teddy bear
and I was just, like, ‘Never mind.’
Speaker 4: So I was working about an hour
away from where I lived, which wasn’t too
great. And then I had an offer to come and
work for a business in Brisbane city, which
is about ten minutes away from where I live
now. And I’ve been there for the past year, so
it was a really great offer, to be approached
to come and work for this new company.
Speaker 5: So yesterday I wrote my friend
Kate’s birthday card, put it in the envelope
and addressed it, only to realise that my
boyfriend had written the same one and
already posted it the day before.
2.5
OK, well, I suppose a lot of people would say it
all depends on how much confidence you’ve
got. If you think you’ve got what it takes, then
you should go for it. Me, I don’t think you
should even hesitate. You’ve got to think big. If
you don’t go for the opportunities, then you’ll
never get anywhere! And, really, it’s a win-win
situation. If you don’t get it, then you’re not
losing anything, but you’re gaining valuable
interview experience and who knows? It might
just go your way!
2.6
Hi, my name’s Jed Fuller and I want to talk to
you today about my sporting achievements
– not to boast or show off, but to help you
understand the many factors that go into being
successful. I’m sure most of you have taken
part in a sports competition at some point and
you probably think whether you won or lost
was solely down to how much practice you did.
Well, I don’t want to disagree with your sports
coaches, but you may be surprised to learn that
you’d be wrong.
You know, as athletes, we’re all driven by the
Olympic motto ‘Faster, higher, stronger’. That
176
means we never stop trying to push ourselves
to extend our limitations – what I call my
boundaries – and I’m constantly driven by the
need to push these. Well, did you know that
technological improvements have probably
had a more significant impact than any athletic
endeavour? Since turning professional, I’ve
been amazed at how the track surface has
made such a difference to my performance. So
this factor definitely plays a fundamental part
in my success. Don’t underestimate it. Equally,
we all want to take advantage of the latest
equipment that the big sports brands compete
to develop because we believe it enhances our
performance. And it does – these improvements
have also had a huge impact. In fact, I once got
into an argument about this following a race
I’d won where I’d broken a record. Some of the
purists said that my time could only count if I
had run in the same conditions as the previous
record. This seems unrealistic – we would stand
still in time if no one made any improvements.
But some races, such as in cycling, insist on this
rule, so it’s worth recognising when technology
helps you.
Now the other thing I think you have to think
about is whether you are the best body type
for the sport you want to do. If not, you need
to face up to the fact that you may never
succeed and pick something that suits you,
even if it’s not your first love. I really wanted
to be a swimmer, but successful swimmers
typically have short legs – and runners have
long legs, like me, so that’s where I ended up. I
felt incredibly let down at the time, but success
is addictive, so in the end that outran my desire
to be in the water.
Despite all this, I’m going to come back to my
original point about training. Of course, that’s
important and, in fact, my performance really
took off when I had a coach who really pushed
me to the limit of my physical endurance – and
I have that to thank him for. But it’s hard to do
this by yourself, and sports coaches know so
much more now about the human body and
what it can overcome. So, in summary, I would
say if you want to be a real winner, you need to
consider all the factors I’ve mentioned and how
you can exploit them for the maximum benefit.
So, any questions?
2.8
I’m a winner. I simply cannot bear losing to
anyone at any time. That’s at sport, at school,
in games and in debates and discussions.
It’s massively important for me to win an
argument! My brother gets thoroughly fed up
with me because I always manage to point
out that his argument is fatally flawed at some
point. He usually walks off in a huff and takes
out his frustration on some video game or
other!
2.9
Well, in the top picture there are two people,
and I’m pretty sure they’re related – most
likely mother and daughter. They’re obviously
indoors, in the living room of their house, and
on the right of the picture you can see the
daughter through the glass door. She’s bending
her head and looks a bit down and the mother,
on the left of the picture, doesn’t look that
happy either if you ask me! The next picture
I’m looking at was taken at a football match, I
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2ND EDITION C1
guess, although it could be some other sport –
I’m not that good on identifying sports – rugby,
maybe? Anyway, in the centre of the picture
you can see a group of players and a referee.
The background is a bit blurry but I imagine the
stadium is quite full with spectators. One team
obviously plays in blue and the other in red. The
ref is bald and he’s pointing his hand. They’re
clearly arguing about something.
2.10
OK, now I want to talk to you about improving
your performance. We’ve had a lot of practice,
so don’t forget to keep repeating the same
exercises every day. Also if you train together,
then each session you can try pushing yourself
a little bit harder and harder. When you think
you can’t do any more, just go on training for
the little bit extra and it will make a difference.
And don’t stop to take short breaks – you’ll ruin
the effect. Over the next few weeks really think
about your diet for the competition as well –
avoid eating sugar. We’ve discussed how bad this
is for you. And remember to have a varied diet.
Don’t get stuck on one thing. OK, good luck!
3.3
People are so quick to complain when things
go wrong, but never, ever consider doing
the complete opposite and telling someone
how good something was or how much
you appreciate their service. It’s also really
worthwhile, in somewhere like a restaurant or
hotel, making sure that a person’s superior is
aware of how good they’ve been. Sometimes
that can make a difference to someone’s
promotion or even actually holding down a job.
3.5–3.6
I = Interviewer D = Don M = Mary
I: Welcome to today’s programme, where we’re
going to be looking at how we can make our
local environment better. And first on my list
to speak to are Don and Mary from LA.
D/M: Hi.
I: Now, Don, tell us about your experience with
something which I gather is called guerrilla
gardening. Tell us about it.
D: Well, guerrilla gardening is basically creating
gardens on abandoned land or tiny plots on
pavements within the city. It’s been done
sometimes as a means of protest, a way to
make a neighbourhood more beautiful as
well as growing food and building a sense of
community. But, of course, it’s often illegal
in the sense that the gardens are on city
land. So some people think it’s a form of
vandalism, but my view is it has a positive
effect on an area when you take forgotten
spaces and make them green. We all want to
see that in our crowded cities.
I: Mary, you are a councillor; do you feel the
same? I gather you have become friends
with Don.
M: Well, we’re actually very good friends now, but
I have to say, at first I thought it seemed like a
way for people to just grab whatever land they
wanted. But we can all see that it’s doing good
because although Don had taken over the
land, he was using it to grow vegetables for
the whole community and, more importantly,
others were starting to do it as well.
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
I: Don, would you even say that the gardens
have become essential now?
D: Well, where we live in South Central LA, the
food supply is awful. It’s all convenience
stores and drive-through takeout chains and
so people there have an awful diet because
they actually have no access to decent
food. We’re in one of the richest countries
on Earth and in a food desert! So I grew
vegetables in the plot I took over and then
distributed them round the community. The
other thing is, all the food you can get is
covered in pesticides, so we’ve really been
trying to grow organic food. Obviously, it
didn’t go very far, so others started doing
the same as me, which is great.
I: Interesting! So, Mary, how did you feel when
Don was asked to get rid of the garden?
M: Well, of course, news spread about the
garden and then there was a complaint and
it came to the Council, who told Don to stop
the gardens. He objected and eventually, the
story ran in The LA Times. So the locals then
sent the council a petition of 900 signatures.
That’s when I got involved. When I went to
see the volunteers, although I realised the
way they had gone about it was wrong, I
advised the council to take a different view
and fortunately, they did.
I: Don, you’ve said you think gardening is an
act of defiance. Why?
D: You know, gardening is my graffiti and
I guess I’m using it like that. I’m not
supporting one political stance over another,
but the powers that be need to understand
that good can come from small acts of
disobedience! For example, we built a garden
in abandoned land round a homeless shelter.
It’s still going and it’s changed the way the
whole shelter runs. People need to know
that change can happen through these small
acts of resistance, which initially look selfish
but actually benefit everyone.
I: And what do you see as our greatest
challenge with local environmental issues?
D: Well, I’d like to reach out much more to
other communities and show them how
important it is to tackle local environmental
issues by themselves. For me, that’s a
huge challenge because people who
are struggling with their daily lives put
the environment at the bottom of their
priorities. They don’t realise it can actually
be the solution to their problems – as we’ve
shown. It’s getting that message across.
M: Yes, that lack of awareness about self-
reliance is a hurdle. If we could just get
people to understand that, then so many
opportunities would open up. I mean, this
kind of project can even become a tool for
education; if kids grow something, then
they’re happy to eat it. It’s a good way to
show them how food affects your mind
and your body. Plus gardening is a fantastic
opportunity to teach kids how to manage
their community.
I: Well, thanks, both . It’s been …
3.7
A: Decision making? I have got to be one of the
most indecisive people around – whether it’s
what to buy, what to wear, what to watch
177
on TV. I so wish we didn’t have so many
options! I spend more time trying to choose
what to watch than I actually do watching.
My indecision is legendary amongst my
friends – so much so that they often don’t
bother asking me. It’s far more practical
for them to make decisions for me, and I’m
happy with that!
B: OK. I’m relatively good at making decisions –
given enough time to weigh up the pros and
the cons, I’m not particularly spontaneous,
I have to admit. However, if I’m faced with
an excessive number of choices, I don’t deal
with that well. For example, sometimes if
I’m buying something online and there are
numerous models of things that are very
similar, I find myself totally incapable of
making an informed choice, so I go for the
easy, safe, low-risk default option! Multiple-
choice questions also stress me out!
3.8
A: I would definitely say that it’s got to be
starting work instead of going to university
and the main reason I say that is because
choosing to leave education at that point in
your life is something you’ve got to be 100
percent sure of. I’m not saying that you can’t
return to education later if it turns out that
you made the wrong decisions, but it will be
harder. Do you agree with that?
B: Absolutely. There’s nothing wrong with
choosing to start work early, and it’s the
right thing for a lot of people but if it’s the
wrong choice, it could affect your whole
career, couldn’t it?
A: That is so true. But, you know, thinking
about it, leaving home is also a big decision
which, if you get it wrong, can have
disastrous consequences.
B: What are you thinking about here?
A: Well, for a start, if your family is against it, it
could cause a rift in the family; or if you get
the wrong flatmates, there could be all sorts
of trouble for you along the line!
B: I see what you mean. So, which one shall we
go for?
4.1
I = Interviewer B = Boy
I: Hi! Have you got a very quick moment?
B: Sure. I’m meeting a friend in a minute to go
to the cinema. But it doesn’t start for half an
hour.
I: Great! This is for some research I’m
compiling. I’d like you to do something a bit
strange if that’s all right!
B: OK. Go for it!
I: So, I’m going to ask you to close your eyes
and try to remember as much about the
people you’ve noticed in this area as you can.
OK? One, two, three, four, five.
B: Right. There’s a guy busking outside the
sports shop. He plays there every day and
he’s always getting moved. He’s a scruffy
little guy with a bowler hat – ex-hipster sort
of look? He’s wearing a faded red waistcoat
with silver buttons today, I think. Then
there’s a couple of kids sitting on the bench.
Goths, I’m thinking – got the boots and
the hair. I’ve seen them around here a lot –
Photocopiable © Pearson Education Limited 2019
2ND EDITION C1
always having arguments! Yesterday I was at
that café having a latte, there’s a goth guy
at another table and in comes a goth lady
with a look of utter fury on her face. Over
she goes, tips the contents of a plastic bag
on the table and starts to rant! Apparently,
he’s been borrowing her clothes and the lady
doesn’t like it. No idea what was in the bag!
The mind boggles. Right, at about 3 o’clock
there’s a couple. Italians, I’m guessing – very
stylish clothes. Italians wear their clothes so
well. And …
I: Wow! I’ll have to stop you there. You are so
observant. You’ve noticed far more details
than anyone else today.
4.2
As you know, I’ve got twin sisters. They’re nine
years old now and really getting up to loads of
mischief! They’re twins, but not identical. Emma
has slightly darker hair than Maddy and her face
isn’t as chubby. It’s weird how closely they take
after my parents. Emma is the spitting image of
my dad, with his sharper nose and stocky legs,
whereas Maddy is a carbon copy of my mum.
She has a fierce temper and, just like my mum,
loves everything sweet! They used to wear
matching outfits, but they’ve grown out of that
idea now and there’s a lot of individuality in the
way they dress. But they do love clothes and it
sometimes bugs me that my mum spends so
much on their clothes – what she spends in a
couple of months is equivalent to what I spend
in a year! Everything the twins do is consistent
with what psychologists say about such siblings
– they are very close and almost telepathic,
and they used to have their own funny little
language! Another interesting thing is that
their handwriting is indistinguishable from each
other’s! I do envy them sometimes – however
old they get, they are always going to have
someone close who they are totally compatible
with. I think that’s a real bonus.
4.4
N = Narrator W = Woman M = Man
Conversation 1
N: You hear a conversation about a writer using
a pen name.
W: I’ve just read that novel that J.K. Rowling
published under a pseudonym – Robert
Galbraith – do you remember?
M: Yes. I never understood why she did that
when she makes so much money as herself.
And it’s odd she chose a man’s name. I’m not
sure what she was trying to prove.
W: Apparently, she claims it’s been a liberating
experience though I’m not convinced that’s
why she did it. I suspect she wanted to see
if an author’s gender meant it sold more
copies – though I think her publishers claim
it was because it was an adult novel.
M: It’s quite common though, isn’t it? I mean,
historically, writers have often used another
name when they’re going to write in a
different way and if it’s not the same genre,
then that makes sense.
W: Well, she had good reviews and I think
people respect her for wanting to receive
honest criticism. And she’s really tried to
do something different – I think the story’s
quite unusual.
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
M: Good for her – she could’ve just written more
of the same and been sure of her income!
W: I’m not sure I believe it all though – I’m sure
the publishers and Rowling knew the truth
wouldn’t stay buried. But she’s certainly
upped her game and proved she can write in
different styles.
4.6
N = Narrator M = Man W = Woman
Conversation 2
N: You hear a radio discussion between two
psychologists about an experiment for a
man, Mark Farid, to copy someone else’s life.
M: So let’s talk about this crazy project that’s
been in the news recently. Mark Farid set out
to recruit someone who would be willing to
video stream his whole life for twenty-eight
days while Farid copied what that person did.
The plan was that Mark would watch that
video stream – as it was happening – while
an audience watched him doing exactly the
same things. What he suggested was that
being somebody else for twenty-eight days
would allow him insights into the debate
over whether nature or nurture causes a
person to be how they are. In fact, it went
further than that because Farid hoped to
see whether he would start thinking like the
other person, too. Some research suggests
that the brain can adapt surprisingly quickly
to living as somebody else, so Farid wanted
to see how far this was true.
W: OK, but I’m like others in the academic
community who have been uncomfortable
because they’ve been concerned about how
such a lengthy project would affect Farid’s
mental well-being. I wasn’t convinced it
would be useful. But in the end it all came
to nothing. Farid struggled to secure the
enormous amount of funding he needed
because there were so many ethical issues,
so the project was abandoned. But this
idea …
Conversation 3
N: You hear a man and a woman talking about
leisure activities.
M: Whenever I’m watching a game on TV, my
wife always says, ‘Why do you watch other
people live their lives instead of living yours?’
And it’s true. By the time I’ve caught up with
what friends are doing online and watched
some television, I don’t have much space left
over for my own life.
W: But I think we all do that, no?
M: Yeah, but it’s become an obsession now. Like
people who watch soap operas and think
those people really exist or that they’re
friends with them. I binge-watched a TV
series and I thought I lived in that world and
then my life seemed so flat.
W: But don’t you think it’s the same with
books? And people are not so critical of that.
I mean, you can lose yourself in a good story
and escape from real life – that’s been true
for centuries – people love stories. I suppose
the difference is you’re kind of active; you do
use your imagination – it’s not fed to you on
a plate. I agree nowadays people obsess over
celebrities and copy them or think they can be
part of their lives, but I don’t see the problem.
178
I mean, if you play Fantasy Football are you
being yourself? Or are you someone else?
You’re not a football manager; you are you.
4.7
A: To be honest, I’ve tended to stay away from
the whole ‘superhero’ movie trend. I usually
go for films that are a reflection of reality,
rather than these out-there, in-your-face
characters with powers that can destroy
anything in their paths – even if they are
used for good! But my friends have been
going on about how great the movies are, so
I was persuaded to watch the very first Thor
and I have to say I actually enjoyed it! It is
pure escapism – fantasy – and it really does
live up to all the hype. As everyone knows,
it’s a traditional moral tale, with the lovely
Chris Emsworth standing up for everything
good but always coming up against his evil
brother Tom Hiddlestone, and although
the dialogue is pretty limited, you can get
away with a lot when you have such brilliant
special effects and superb actors. Will I
watch any more? Who knows?
B: Thor, superheroes, Avengers? No, thanks. I
prefer my movies to be a bit more down-
to-earth – literally! I managed to get out
of going to see the early ones because
I was going in for a load of swimming
competitions at the time and in spite of my
younger brother continually going on at me
about how brilliant they were, I never did
get round to watching one. Now I’d have to
watch loads to catch up with all the weird
and wonderful things that have been going
on in Superhero World or at least read up
on it! And life’s too short … I’ve got to say,
when it comes down to a choice between
a psychological thriller involving real things
that might happen to real people and
watching man-gods facing up to each other
in battles for the universe … mmm tricky
one! I like characters in a film to be people I
can relate to. Not really got a lot in common
with Thor or Iron Man!
4.8
A: That’s a really interesting question and
there’s no one real answer! It’s true that
people from different walks of life can
overcome challenges and make it to the top.
The more challenges you have, obviously, the
harder it is. I’m thinking here about people
who come from poor backgrounds or, as we
saw in the previous discussion, people with
disabilities. It all comes down to motivation,
really, doesn’t it? Some people just have
that determination that nothing is going to
defeat them. Others try and try and then
simply give up because the path is just too
hard.
B: Yes, if I can come in here, I’d like to say that
I completely agree with Caroline. It’s also
down to encouragement, I think – if you’re
surrounded by people who want the best for
you and support you all the way, then you’ve
got a chance.
A: Absolutely right. And another point is
that some people have that attitude that
they refuse to be beaten by adversity or
inequality. It’s as though it makes them
stronger.
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2ND EDITION C1
B: Yes, like some of those paralympians. They
refuse to give up! They are so strong-minded.
4.9
A: I think the problem is when you live in a
big city, you just live multiculturalism. You
don’t go round thinking about how different
everyone is – you just accept the benefits
but recognise that, as in any community,
sometimes people won’t get along. So, no, I
don’t really think about it.
B: I think multiculturalism is something which
we need to talk about much more in the
public arena. It’s the sort of thing which
politicians should be actively talking about,
and thinking about all the different ways
the government can promote it – whether
through schools or whatever.
C: I work in the arts world and we are
constantly actively seeking new ideas from
other cultures because the best often comes
from a crossover of ideas. I mean, that’s
always happened hasn’t it? You don’t get
good ideas by sitting in a box but by going
out and noticing differences and seeing how
that difference can help you.
4.10
A: My brother is driving me mad! He’s always
disagreeing with me. We see life so
differently.
B: Well, why do you bother talking about it? I
mean, if you know you think differently, then
it’s not worth discussing, is it?
A: Yeah, but as we are both living at home,
it’s annoying that he’s got a completely
different timetable to me. He plays loud
music while he’s studying – and he doesn’t
think about anybody else in the house.
B: Don’t your parents mind?
A: Oh, they think we need to sort it out for
ourselves.
B: Hmm … it sounds as if you do need to sit
down and have a proper talk. You don’t have
to agree – just split times when you study,
for example?
A: OK, well, will you come and talk to him with
me?
5.1
1
Speaker 1: I think the next big thing I’m
probably going to buy is maybe my partner
a pair of trainers, some jewellery for my
mother and I’ll give my brother a voucher.
Speaker 2: I’m hoping my next big purchase is
probably going to be a house because I’ve
just turned twenty-three. Turning twenty-
four next year and I was just thinking that if
I don’t get on the property ladder soon, I’m
probably never going to make it.
2
Speaker 1: Of all of my possessions, I have
a pair of keys on a chain that my partner
gave to me, and they’re supposed to be
the keys to our future house, so hopefully,
I’ll still have that in the future. If not, then
I’ll probably just chuck them away and I
probably won’t have the house … if we
broke up … No, I’m joking!
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
Speaker 2: In ten years’ time, I’ll probably still
have my nan’s rings which she left me, one of
which I’m wearing now. The other one, I leave
at home ’cos I don’t want to lose it. Hopefully,
I’ll still have those in ten years.
3 stopped me and asked about stuff, so I
Speaker 1: With everything else I have, I will
probably have either chucked it, hidden it
under the bed, abandoned it completely in
some sort of alleyway or just bin … or hoard
everything, possibly.
Speaker 2: I’ll probably donate. Whatever I don’t
use, I usually donate to charity anyway or
they get passed on to friends who don’t have
as much luck as I have financially.
4 realise the value of saving. Should be part of
Speaker 1: In five years’ time, I will have spent
money on some more Apple products,
probably – probably a new phone again
at some point. Hopefully, some production
equipment for my personal stuff. Clothes,
hopefully. Hopefully, I’ll buy some new
clothes at some point.
Speaker 2: I think in five years’ time I will have
probably bought, like, stuff for my house,
so the white goods – fridge freezer, cooker,
washing machine, that kind of thing, really
– the expensive stuff. But other than that
it’ll be, like, I mean most people spend their
money on food these days, don’t they, really?
Like, if you think about how much money
you’ve spent on food in the last week, you
could say it all adds up. So that’s where most
of my money goes.
5.2
A : My sister is definitely a soft touch. She’s easy
prey for all the adverts that tell us how much
we really, really need the latest this, the
newest that or how we can’t pass up the
opportunity to get something at a knock-
down price. And she’s the first in the queue
to splash out on something that she’ll never
get much use out of, but will sit gathering
dust in her wardrobe along with all the other
unopened stuff she’s accumulated. She’s a
victim of the hard sell. The marketing people
know how to push all the right buttons and get
us to part with our money as soon as we get it!
B: It’s maybe an age thing? This spend-spend
attitude? As yet I’ve got no responsibilities
– no mortgage or loans like my parents – so
when I’ve got some spare cash, why not
spend it? The time will come when I have to
watch my money, I know that, but right now I
don’t particularly care. What I do care about
is being the only one in the class without
the newest smartphone! Guess that makes
me a bit shallow, but … It’s not that I’ve got
this insatiable desire to buy stuff; it’s just
that I don’t want to go without things if I
can afford them. OK? And when I don’t need
things anymore, I don’t hang onto them
or let them clutter up my space. I’ll chuck
them out, I don’t know – bin them, recycle or
donate them to charity – I don’t easily attach
sentimental value to my stuff. So really, my
spending habits are, in fact, helping others
too, aren’t they?
179
5.4
1 I started selling when I was seven because
I’ve always been creative. I make eco-friendly
clothing and accessories, but I also make
animated picture books. People always
thought about setting up my own online
business. But I didn’t just want to make money
for myself, so I decided it would be a great way
of supporting my favourite charity. People
always say to me, ‘Oh, you’re very young,’ but
I think everyone has the ability to do this
and I’ve proved it’s working. You can make
money and meet the needs of customers
without compromising future generations –
and that’s what we should all be doing.
2 You know in India we’re very creative with
how we use what we’ve got and we have
something here called Jugaad Innovation.
It’s when you take what you’ve got and
create something new – the ultimate in
recycling! I only sell locally at the moment,
but I feel very positive about things because
people are getting more and more worried
about eating up the world’s resources, so
I feel my business is already ahead of the
game. We do it with everything – cars,
electric goods for the home, anything.
Our lives are flooded with new things, so
I wanted to exploit the opportunity to
sell something that required very little
investment but that I could redesign quickly
– and it’s working.
3 A while ago I realised that trainers were
becoming hot property and it was worth
getting into the reselling market. I work
with dealers in what I guess you could call
collectibles. The trainers are pre-owned, but
that does not mean the trainers are used
– it’s quite important that the trainers are
unworn and in perfect condition. The market
is worldwide, so I’m making a good living.
The thing is, because sales are driven by
trends, it means I can flip the trainers swiftly,
so I’m not sitting on stock. I’m thinking now
I’ve got the hang of it, it’ll be easy to use my
current structure to trade other collectibles
such as handbags, comics and watches.
4 I thought the time was ripe to set up a
business based on swapping products,
so what I run is not quite retail; it’s a
service site where anyone can trade and
barter online. And it doesn’t matter where
I’m based, so I can profit from the huge
worldwide market – it’s just a bonus that I’ve
got almost zero running costs. It runs on a
points system rather than cash and sellers
get ratings, so there’s a degree of trust. A lot
of people use my services to trade games,
so I’m going to experiment with setting up
gaming nights so people who use the site
can meet each other. It’ll be great if it works.
5 I know haul videos or vlogs, where we upload
a video of what we’ve bought, have come in
for a lot of criticism but my clothes channel
has grown really quickly. So much so that
now some major stores want to use me as
an advertising outlet. I didn’t intend it to
be a business at first but I turned it into
one because retailers started offering me
clothes for free if I featured them – and so
that meant I could dress in great stuff which
I could never have afforded otherwise. And I
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2ND EDITION C1
think people will be using vloggers more and
more ’cos we all prefer stuff recommended
by our friends, don’t we?
5.6
A: Yeah, I completely depended on my pocket
money and I bought lots of things with it.
My parents used to dole it out to me and
my brother every Saturday morning, and
we went straight down to the sweet shop.
He’d get really irritated because I got more,
of course, being older. Even through the
economic downturn, when they had to
make cutbacks, we kept getting our pocket
money and I think it’s important. It teaches
kids how to manage money and makes them
any child’s upbringing, I think.
B: Yes, I agree, but in my opinion, kids should
have to earn their pocket money. We don’t
get anything free in this life and even if it’s
just doing a few odd chores around the
house – like tidying their rooms or, when
they’re older, washing the car – it gives them
a sense of earning right from the outset.
Parents need to encourage their offspring to
work for their money! Don’t you agree?
5.7
OK, so I’m going to look at pictures A and C.
Both show women doing very different jobs, but
both quite physically and mentally demanding
for different reasons. The first shows female
tennis players on court, probably at the end of
a match, and I guess the smiles show who has
won! The second shows a female lorry driver
at the wheel of what looks like a really big and
heavy lorry. I may be wrong, but I would say
that all these women earn less than their male
counterparts. As far as tennis is concerned, the
‘job’ aspect of this has really only been relevant
since tennis players went professional; and I’m
thinking that it was probably the men who
went pro first and as far as I can gather – not
being a particularly keen tennis fan myself – the
men’s game is much more popular, which is why
they earn a lot more in prize money than the
women do. Also it could well have something to
do with the fact that their games are longer – I
think I’m right in that. Lorry drivers, on the other
hand, have nearly always been male, I would
say, until recent years, and I would imagine that
the reason the women get paid less is because
they mainly work for small companies who can
get away with it! In big companies, I like to think
that they would earn the same.
5.8
Your photos show women with different jobs.
I’d like you to compare two of the photos and
say whether you think they earn the same
amount as their male counterparts, and why
you think this is.
5.10
A: You know, all the ads on my phone drive me
nuts! I know you can delete and block them,
but everyone says it’s going to get worse. I
spend half my time removing them.
B: I know! And then you click on them and
they just send more of the same. I never
read them, but they will keep on posting the
same ones.
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
A: It’s a deal the phone companies make with
media sites, to make money. I read that, in
fact, they’ll start to lose customers if they
are not careful because everyone is so fed
up with it.
B: Yes, at this rate we’ll be spending all our
time sorting out ads rather than actually
communicating with each other. Anyway, I’m
not going to take any notice of them. I’ll only
pay attention if my friends tell me about
something.
A: Yeah, that’s what I do. They’ll soon get the
message!
6.1
G = Girl B = Boy
G: I so wish I hadn’t agreed to go with Ben to
this fancy-dress party on Saturday. He wants
me to go as Catwoman to his Batman! I really
detest dressing up. Really, if he weren’t such
a good friend, there’s no way I’d be going!
B: Seriously, if he were a really good friend,
he would know you better and he wouldn’t
have asked you!
G: I think the whole dressing up thing is just
really embarrassing and a bit silly. I wish he’d
phone and say they’d cancelled the whole
thing!
B: That is so not going to happen.
G: Mm, if I were to ask you if you could …
B: Go with Ben instead of you? In your dreams!
You wouldn’t catch me at a fancy-dress
party if you paid me!
G: … if you could help me find a Catwoman
outfit?
6.2
He’s like a totally different person on the
phone at work. He puts on this posh voice and
deepens it a bit. It’s like he’s making out that
he’s someone really important! I know at least
one person who has taken him for the boss
when they’ve phoned! But most people aren’t
taken in because he lets himself down when
they ask him for anything in detail. He more or
less makes it up as he goes along. I know a lot
of people take on a different role when they
answer the phone or talk to different people,
but he just takes it to an extreme.
6.4
I = Interviewer J = Javier M = Maria
I: Recently, a three-minute video has been
circulating online, showing a young man
doing the impossible: he jumps through
closed doors on a moving train. The video
has got over 35 million views and was made
by the twenty-one-year-old illusionist and
film-maker, Javier Pérez. He’s here with us
in the studio today. Welcome to you, Javier,
and to Maria Teller, a journalist who has been
very critical of this type of video.
J/M: Hi.
I: OK, well, first of all, Javier, I’m sure everyone
wants to know: how do you go about
putting together these incredible videos?
Because nothing is real, is it?
J: Er, no – it actually needs hundreds of takes
before you get the right one. And then, to
180
create the effects, it’s about getting the
right place in the video footage and doing
some careful editing. A lot of people try to
overcomplicate things with software. Many
people think I use special effects programs,
but I don’t. For me, that would be cheating. I
realised that I could do much better and get
more hits by making videos that appear to
defy the laws of physics.
I: So, Maria, does that satisfy your past
criticisms about photoshopping and so on?
M: Well, to some extent, yes. In my role as a
journalist, I spend a lot of time ensuring I
report accurate information to the public,
so I do object to these videos which show
something which essentially isn’t true. I think
they alter our judgement and understanding
of what’s possible and leave us less able to
respond to real-life issues appropriately.
I: Surely, that’s going a bit far for what, after
all, is a visual joke – for entertainment? What
do you both think?
M: I don’t think so. For instance, I believe
that if you see endless videos of someone
being run over by a car in the name of
entertainment, you become less shocked
about real-life accidents. And maybe you
assign blame differently – you think it’s down
to the victim, not the driver going too fast.
I suppose what’s good is that at least the
videos allow us to debate this kind of thing.
J: Can I jump in here? I do think Maria is being
unfair – we do all sorts of things in the name
of entertainment and we’ve always had
magicians – it’s a very old craft. And surely,
it’s a good thing that we aim to exploit the
assumptions we make around the laws of
physics in order to test them. And it’s in a
way that can be understood and discussed
by the man on the street.
I: But, Javier, you don’t create these videos
by yourself. Don’t you live with a team of
illusionists?
J: Yes, I’ve got a team – we live together in a
kind of studio. There’s so much interaction
that we’re always creating something. We
start off with brainstorming. That’s where
we got those ideas – like seeing someone
getting pulled along by a car or the video
of an egg apparently with a chick inside!
The part I enjoyed most was working out
how we were actually going to do it. It just
wouldn’t work so well if we weren’t together
all the time. And we are constantly having to
reshoot things.
I: And all credit to you. Now what about
freebooting – when people re-post your
videos without asking? How do you feel
about that?
J: Yeah, the videos are often freebooted where
someone takes online media and rehosts it
on their website without permission; it’s bad
practice, but almost impossible to control.
Sometimes we’ll ask them to credit us, but I
don’t mind it because it can help us if they
then get hundreds of millions of views. But
I do understand how hard it is for other
people who spend hours creating stuff and
then someone just steals it.
I: So, do you two think you can ever meet in
the middle over your views of these videos?
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2ND EDITION C1
M: I guess, intellectually, we can each see each
other’s argument but our objectives are so
far apart. And I feel I’m on the side of right
because more and more people are coming
to our site. Having said that, I do think
audiences are becoming more sophisticated
and more discerning about what they want
to believe.
J: Yes, these illusions will forever be a thorn
in the side of the press but I’m sure the
discussion about reality will act as a kind of
transparency for the truth and, ultimately,
people are not silly.
I: Well, thank you, both. We will watch with
interest.
6.6
I must have been a nightmare to play against
when I was a kid. We often played Monopoly
as a family and I loved it. And the reason I
loved it was because I loved winning. And the
reason I won was – yeah, you’ve guessed it – I
cheated! I never really considered the ethical
aspect to it or that I was in any way deceiving
people on purpose, but I guess I was! It was my
grandad who first let me in on the secrets of
how to cheat successfully at card games – the
most important thing being not to let your
face betray you. From then on, there was no
stopping me. In Monopoly I always liked to be
the banker – easy to secrete money when no
one was looking and I developed a real skill
at sleight of hand! Then, when I was older, I
progressed to cheating at Trivial Pursuit – my
mum was amazed at how much I knew. I
pretended to think carefully for a moment
before answering, but in reality I was reading
the answers upside down on the back of the
question cards she was holding! And now? Well,
better not to ask …
6.8
A: Me? Oh, there’s a big difference between
what I think is right – and that’s to be open
and transparent about everything – and
what I do in practice! For instance, if a small
white lie is going to make life easier, then
so be it! Take yesterday, for example: my
mother wanted to know if I’d handed in my
latest assignment, which I hadn’t – I’d totally
forgotten – so I told her yes. The reason I did
that was because if I’d said no, I’d have got an
ear bashing, and I was going to hand it in later
anyway. That’s OK in my book. Other than
that, I try to be upfront about things and
outright lies are … well, no, not a good thing.
B: If I could come in here? Yeah, I completely
agree with Markus. White lies tend to smooth
the path, in a way, don’t they? But sometimes
it’s quite hard to know how far to go with
the truth. What I mean is, if, like, you know
something that might hurt someone else, do
you tell them? Seeing a good friend’s partner
out with someone else is a prime example. Do
you tell them? Don’t you tell them? Would
you?
A: I guess it depends. If it looked really serious,
then I might. And that’s also because if they
ever found out that I’d known about it and
hadn’t told them, that would put a real strain
on the friendship. Why, wouldn’t you?
B: Yeah, my thinking exactly. Another example
might be …
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
6.9
G = Girl B = Boy
G: You know, if we hadn’t gone to the magic
show, I would still believe it was all rubbish.
B: Well, if I thought it was rubbish, I would
never have recommended it to you!
G: OK, well, should you want to go again, count
me in!
B: Yes, he’s playing again this weekend. And if I
watch him carefully, I know I can work it out.
G: Never! That’s the point. Given the fact that
he’s so famous, don’t you think others would
have tried?
B: Well, you never know. Maybe, had they
cracked it, they wouldn’t tell …
7.1
B = Boy G = Girl
B: So how did the meeting go – the one about
dealing with bullying?
G: I couldn’t make it, which was a pain seeing
as I did most of the organising! But Jake
went. It started at half past two, so it should
have finished by now – easily. He might have
phoned to let me know how it went! But
that’s Jake all over. I ought to have known.
He’s probably forgotten that I asked him to
call me straight after.
B: I would have gone, but I had to sort out
some problems at home. It’s something I
feel really strongly about. You know, with the
right approach, they could have put a stop
to bullying at school years ago, but nobody
wanted to face the problem. Still, now it’s
in the hands of the school council we might
actually get something done.
G: I wouldn’t be too sure! The council raised
the issue with the school board earlier this
year and quite honestly, we might as well
have been talking about a problem with the
food in the cafeteria for all the attention
they gave us! That’s why we organised this
big meeting today – to get the community
involved too. Ah, there’s my phone – he must
have remembered that he’s supposed to be
reporting back! I’ll catch up with you later.
7.2
Conversation 1
A: His writing really makes people sit up and
take notice, doesn’t it?
B: Yes, it really shines a spotlight on some
contentious issues.
Conversation 2
A: Look, you can’t let her have her own way
over this. You’ve got to fight your corner.
B: You know I get tongue-tied when I try to get
my point across. I just can’t find the right
words.
A: Seriously, you’ve got to say it as it is. Don’t hold
back. Don’t let her walk all over you. I know
she’s really articulate but you can be, too!
B: Maybe I could put it down on paper in an
email or text. That’s easier in a way.
Conversation 3
A: There’s a great website where you can have
your say about a whole range of topics.
181
B: Cool! I guess a lot of people have got
issues with things that are going on. It’s
important to have a forum where you can
debate things with like-minded people or
even those who have completely opposing
viewpoints.
7.4
N = Narrator M = Man W = Woman
Conversation 1
N: You hear part of a discussion programme
about using others’ ideas for inspiration.
W: You know almost every artist draws on other
people’s ideas for inspiration and that’s
happened throughout history. And yet today
we seem to be obsessed with who owns
an idea, don’t we? But taking the nub of
someone else’s idea and building on it has
always been part of innovation, hasn’t it? I
mean, you only have to think of all the ideas
that have been traded round the world to
see this.
M: Yes, I tend to agree. After all, ideas have no
physical reality, so the ‘borrowing’ or ‘theft’
of an idea doesn’t mean that the original
creator cannot continue to utilise it. Yet, it’s
astonishing that when we talk of the masses
of music or movie downloads from the
internet, the most frequently used word is
piracy. I mean, if I use your idea, it’ll lead me
to create new ideas that you will eventually
benefit from. How have we come to view
ideas as if they had some physical existence
that we can lock up behind a set of property
rights laws that are very similar to those we
use to protect our physical property?
Conversation 2
N: You hear a conversation between two
friends about a petition against stealing
ideas.
M: So anyway, I got so angry with news sites
copying my videos that I’ve set up a petition.
I’m asking all the artists I know to sign it
and to pass it on to their friends. Everyone I
know has been affected.
W: But you can’t control that! I mean, if you put
your stuff out there on video-sharing sites,
then of course someone’s going to use it. I
mean, is it copying if you just repeat what
someone else has said?
M: It’s not that – it’s the fact that they
deliberately trawl sites to mine them for
ideas and then they never credit anyone
– and they make money out of it! It
undermines the hard work of independent
artists, so we’re trying to get them to use
some of those funds to reinvest in us.
W: Well, I do sympathise – but I’m not sure
how successful you’ll be. Everyone remixes
and reuses stuff, and I would say it’s next to
impossible to control that. But I do think we
need artists to continue to put their ideas
out there. Art has always relied on public
view and I don’t think that should change. I
guess it’s just easier to copy stuff now rather
than reproduce a master painting.
Conversation 3
N: You hear two students discussing a lecture
on a theory about whether people think
collectively.
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2ND EDITION C1
W: Well, that was weird, wasn’t it? Professor
Jennings was quite convincing about this
idea that it’s normal for a whole society to
all think the same thing at the same time.
M: In fact, I’m constantly thinking, ‘Oh I wish I’d
set up that business because I thought of
that idea’ but actually, it wasn’t a new idea –
someone else had it at the same time. When
I go to conferences I always get frustrated
because someone else has gone down
exactly the same path as me on an idea, so it
no longer feels original.
W: But I put that down to the fact we’re
all studying the same thing. I mean, the
professor claimed that as humans, we have
a collective memory, so that’s why we all
think alike at more or less the same time –
especially if we we’re working in the same
field. Mind you, I’m not sure you could ever
really prove it.
M: He was saying, wasn’t he, that it’s a theory
that appeals and makes sense to us but
when they tried to prove it, they couldn’t. It
makes sense intuitively.
W: It’s complex, but even without the data, it
does explain why we’re all thinking the same
stuff at the same time.
7.5
Er … hello, um, yes, as you know, I’m going
to have a crack at … at, at talking about
why we need, why we need a new law about
voting, er, the age for voting – that’s, um … for
teenagers, of course. No, I don’t mean that –
of course, the age is the age, isn’t it? Ha, ha!
What I mean is that … it doesn’t seem at all
fair to me that teenagers can’t vote in general
elections. It’s just totally wrong – it shows a
complete ignorance of how politically aware
we are and how much we could contribute.
Teenagers currently … teenagers currently
have an enormous involvement in what the
future holds, therefore it’s only fair that we
can vote at sixteen and, with luck, we might
see a representation of younger people in the
decision-making process of the government.
So, a refusal to lower the voting age in my mind
would be, um, a moral offence and a failure to
move with the times. If we continue to make
our feelings known, who knows? With the
passage of time, maybe we’ll have a teenage
prime minister! Maybe me! Well, not exactly
me, er … um, precisely because by that time …
by the time anything happens, I won’t be a
teenager anymore … Er, neither will you, but …
and I guess I’d need further qualifications, …
really. Well, um, thanks for your attention. That’s
it, I think. That’s me finished.
7.7
Your photos show people getting the news in
different ways. I’d like you to compare two of
the photos and say why the people might be
getting news in these ways and how accurate
you think the information might be.
7.8
OK, so I’d like to talk about these two pictures
– the guys watching a TV screen in a café – at
least I think it must be a café – and the picture
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
of the girl catching up with the news on her
tablet. Obviously, all the people are interested
in what’s going on – they’re just in different
places and that says it all, really. The girl is using
her tablet because it’s quick and convenient for
her – she might well be in bed or chilling out at
home and she can easily bring up a news site
and read what she likes. The guys in the café, on
the other hand, have made a conscious effort to
go out and watch the news with other people. I
think in this particular picture the TV is showing
a sports game and the people clearly want to
share the experience. But a lot of public places
have TVs where you can follow breaking news.
It’s good to be able to catch up at different
times during the day. Another reason the girl
is using her tablet, I think, is because she’s
also in control of what she’s reading – she can
scroll up and down and find the news items
that interest her, whereas the guys in the café
have to go with whatever’s being reported on
the big screen. Regarding the accuracy of the
information, that’s debateable! Personally, I
don’t think there’s any way to ensure objectivity
of news.
7.10
G = Girl B = Boy
G: Where do you think Mel is?
B: Dunno. She must have been held up at
college. I know her tutor wanted to see her.
G: Yes, but then she would’ve phoned, surely?
B: Hm, not sure. But we needn’t wait for her.
I’m starving. She can catch up when she gets
here.
G: OK. Well, I’d better put hers in the oven so it
stays warm. It’ll be spoiled by the time she
gets here though.
B: Well, she must be feeling annoyed she’s late
as I know she wanted to see us as soon as
possible.
8.2
A: There’s a really interesting article in
this online magazine about bottling up
emotions. You know, apparently, it’s really
unhealthy, like, to keep everything we’re
feeling inside. It can affect our health, both
mentally and physically.
B: You mean, like men not crying because they
think it’s a sign of weakness?
A: Yeah. It seems that having a good weep
doesn’t just improve your mood – miles
better, it says, than taking antidepressants
– but it’s scientifically proven that tears
actually wash out chemicals linked to stress!
Would you believe that?
B: So, when I’m sobbing my heart out at the
end of a sad film, I’m actually helping my
health.
A: Oh yes – and anger and frustration, too. We
shouldn’t keep a lid on that either.
B: So, what – it’s good for our health to go
round shouting at people who are giving us
grief?
A: No! But getting a lot of exercise, kicking
a ball round or just running gets all the
frustration out of your system.
B: OK, yeah, that figures. I guess it helps too to
182
maybe find an empty field, go stand in the
middle and just yell at the sky!
A: Wow! I’ve got a great image of you doing
that!
B: Personally, I turn up rock music loudly and
have a rant to myself! I also read somewhere
that laughter is a great medicine, too. They
actually get clowns to go round hospitals to
make the patients laugh.
A: Well, not hard for me – I giggle all the time,
usually at the most inappropriate times.
B: Mmm. I had noticed!
8.3
Food, cooking, and eating habits play a central
role in everyone’s lives – and across all cultures.
Eating is never a just a biological activity. For
me, whether it is simply or elaborately prepared,
food always carries with it some significance.
For example, in my job as a chef, I’ve cooked in
many other countries and, in doing so, what I’ve
observed is that what different communities
choose to eat and how they eat – and even how
certain dishes are prepared – is actually very
closely connected to the unique characteristics
we have such as age or gender, our status in
society or even sometimes the kind of work we
do. At the same time, we all know that eating
together is often accompanied by customs or
rituals which reinforce the commonality of the
cultural group concerned.
When thinking about the individual, let’s
consider comfort food – the basic food each
person chooses to make them feel better. I’ve
really come to understand much more about
this. Things like the people you’ve dated, what
you’ve learnt, where you’ve gone shape your
likes and dislikes in food as much as anything
else. In other words, what you choose to cook
and eat is an accumulation of all these past
experiences. I’m a first-generation immigrant
and so my comfort food still comes from my
family traditions and this is always a bowl of
rice for me. Not only are these preferences
individual to me — but culturally they are also
significant, a tie with my my familial past. And
then looking at how we eat as a group, consider
how every single community and religion uses
food as part of their celebrations. Every season,
every harvest, and every holiday has its own
food – I would say that this helps make our
group identity stronger.
And sometimes the food we eat changes
because of economic circumstances. Think
about all the Chinese cooks who emigrated.
Of course, they took their traditional food and
way of cooking with them but it was inevitable
in those circumstances that the dishes they
served had to be adjusted to accommodate
tastes in their new culture. And in the end this
meant that they developed new recipes that sat
somewhere in-between their own culture and
their adopted culture. I’ve actually been doing
some research into Chinese cooking habits
and have spent some time in the country. It
seems that nowadays, in the big cities in China,
grandparents are the ones who go to the shops
every day, and the only ones who are prepared
to cook traditional food for the evening meal.
It’s a shame that those traditional skills are dying
out because the next generation – although
they still value family mealtime at home – they
don’t cook and are eating more takeouts.
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In my culture when we eat we generally all
sit round the table as a family and eat from
shared plates – it’s a big part of our social life as
I guess it is in many other cultures. We discuss
food a lot, our likes and dislikes and how to
cook things and a more recent phenomenon is
sharing photos of dishes we are about to eat.
All this swapping of tips and information is a
great way of bringing people together. Actually
in my culture we even make a thing of waiting
in line for a table at a restaurant – its all part of
the enjoyment of the meal. I know some people
don’t have the patience to wait two hours for
a table but we turn it into a social event and, if
you are with friends, it’s an extension of eating
with them.
I hope to be able to explore more distinctive
features of eating habits for my new book.
8.5
A: Exercise is a sore point with me. I make
resolutions nearly every month to get
involved in a new sport or even just make
sure I do some crunches or push-ups on my
bedroom floor, and I keep it going for a few
days and then forget and I’m back to square
one.
B: Tell me about it! My brother Jake is a total
fitness fanatic – he’s completely into bulking
up and spends more time at the gym than
anywhere else. He’s also on a strict diet. I
personally have a strong aversion to exercise
in all its forms. Even jogging round the block
is tough going for me! If anyone tries to
organise group running sessions or walks,
you can count me out, I’m afraid.
8.7
B = Boy G = Girl
B: Right, shall we start with developing new
drugs? For me, that’s one of the most
important things related to health that
money should be spent on. It should be top
priority. Have you heard about how overuse
of antibiotics over the last few decades
means that soon they aren’t going to be
effective any longer?
G: I’m sorry, what do you mean by ‘overuse’? I
don’t know anyone who just pops the odd
antibiotic every so often!
B: No, I should have said ‘over-prescribing’.
Doctors prescribe antibiotics when they
aren’t really needed and now they are
becoming less effective.
G: OK, I see.
B: Yes, they need to research new drugs to
replace them, and that takes money – a lot
of money. The last antibiotic was discovered
decades ago – way, way back in the 1980s,
I think. Money needs to be invested in
finding new ones, otherwise we could be
back in the dark ages, with people dying
from minor infections. The powers that be
should implement a programme to combine
research projects around the world and …
G: Could I just come in here? I’d just like to say
that yes, it’s an important issue, but I think
it’s the big drug companies that have the
money and the means to …
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
B: Yes, they have, but governments giving
money to research is also a really important
way forward.
9.1
Speaker 1: I used to play a team sport at school.
I was on the netball team, which I’m really
proud of. What I loved about netball was
the team spirit, I suppose. It was nice to be
there with your friends and a good excuse
to get together on a Saturday. What I hated
was having really cold hands and having to
catch, like, almost a spikey ball. I don’t know
if you’ve ever played netball, but it’s quite
prickly.
Speaker 2: I definitely think you can be too
much of a sports fan. I, uh, do three or four
sort of sports quite in depth, but you can’t
do it as in depth as if you’d done it all at
once, uh, in one sport, you know – spend a
lot of time, uh, chopping different sports.
So I’m not very good at any one particular
sport but it’s uh, the pleasure I get is… is
looking out the window in the morning and
looking at the weather and going ‘That’s the
weather for the… for the… for the sport I’m
gonna do today.
Speaker 3: So, in no way would I say that I’m a
huge sports fan, but I do support Newcastle
United Football Club because I’m from
Newcastle, and when they win, my dad’s
happy, so everybody’s happy in that way.
Speaker 4: People don’t even talk about the
match; they talk about people’s reaction to
the match. It’s, you know, it’s not about the
sport anymore; it’s about the society around
it, which I think is a real shame ’cos I think it
should be about the sport – it’s the primary
substance.
Speaker 1: I think you can be too big a sports
fan. My boyfriend is a big fan of rugby. I
have very little interest in rugby. Never have
I watched rugby in my life. And very often
he will get out of dates or arranged social
meetings in order to go and watch the
rugby, so …
Speaker 3: Yeah. And not only does sport kind
of take you away, maybe, from your loved
ones at times, but also, you see on the
news a lot, I guess, that fans get too crazy,
especially when they’re in other places,
and it can kind of dredge up old political
problems in towns and cities, and that can
be, sort of, a bit of an issue as well, I guess.
9.4
A: Personally, I really enjoy working in a
team – that is if there’s a good team spirit
and mutual trust and respect. It’s good
to collaborate and bounce ideas off each
other. In the end, it’s much more productive
than working on your own. It also hones
communication skills and helps you learn
to deal with conflict resolution, which is
important for work and life, really. There
always has to be someone who assumes
responsibility and takes the initiative, but
that person can change depending on the
task in hand.
B: For me, I much prefer working on my own –
I need my own thinking time and I don’t like
183
the distraction of other people’s comments
or thoughts. Sometimes working in a team
can slow you down and stifle creativity. I
guess I’m just not much of a team player.
C: Yes, I think I get a lot out of working
with other people. It’s great to build up a
good rapport and it’s rewarding to earn
the respect of your peers so everyone
works hard. If everyone’s equally involved
in a project, it fosters a good working
atmosphere. I don’t think I’d be a good boss
though – I’m hopeless at delegating tasks or
leading by example! I prefer to talk things
through with a team.
9.5
1 I work in advertising, which is very creative,
and I discovered I am more open to new
ideas when I’m exhausted – a lot of studies
actually back this up. On one project, I’d
agreed to complete it against horrendous
deadlines. I was too tired to filter out stuff
and focus on one thing, so what happened
was lots of ideas wandered in and out of
my brain, which was great. It’s been a huge
gift which I hadn’t anticipated because now
I exploit any moments I get whenever or
wherever it happens whereas previously I
used to think I had to do the creative part of
tasks first, when I was feeling fresh.
2 Although I’m a data analyst, when I’m in
an office, it feels very mechanical whereas,
surprisingly, when I’m sitting in the middle
of chaos at home, I can hit upon way more
ideas. I usually work from my office at home
but it’s not been easy because everyone
uses my laptop and my desk is always a total
mess because the kids move stuff around.
I kept tidying it, which took time, but in
the end I found that the messiness kind of
helped me, so that’s how I work now. I think
the lack of control over my environment at
home allows my brain to roam freely.
3 I do marketing and I assumed silence is the
best ‘sound’ for creative thinking, but it
turns out you need a bit of noise. I actually
got bored working from home – aside from
people being in the house or someone at
the door, it was relatively peaceful. I started
writing in a café and was astonished to
find that the noise formed a kind of wall
between me and the outside world, so I
could get lost in my own thoughts. It meant
I actually got much more done in a limited
time. It was as if the noise allowed me to
relax, and that opened my mind.
4 I do design, so I like a lot of natural light in
my workspace but actually, if the lighting
around me is dim, then I’m more creative. I
found out by chance when a relative hurt
her head. I felt I should look after her and
so I ended up working while we were in
a darkened room. I think it’s because the
darkness lets you drift off and think about
other things. Now I routinely sit in dim
light to mull over ideas. What’s amazing is
that afterwards I feel much less tense and
that in itself helps you to be more creative.
Apparently, even if you just think about
being in the dark, it has the same effect!
5 I’m a writer and I had a period where I
really struggled, but now I’ve painted my
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workspace at home blue, I just sit in my
tranquil space and it comes to me! What I
hadn’t foreseen was that this boost to my
creativity has led to new offers of work. A
few months ago I had got really frustrated
at not being able to come up with anything,
so I started googling what I could do to help
myself and discovered that red or blue can
have different effects on how well we tackle
tasks: red helps us with detail-orientated
tasks whereas blue and green help when
we’re doing something creative.
9.8
Ken, it’s Jimmy. It’s this coming Friday – the
dreaded group interview. Remember I told
you about my plans for the next year before
going up to uni? Well, I applied for a job at
a big chain restaurant and because they’re
recruiting a fair number of temporary staff,
their system is to have a group interview. I may
have misunderstood what they said on the
phone, but I’m sure the word ‘group’ or ‘team’
was mentioned. I have no idea what that entails
and it sounds pretty scary. I was banking on a
neat little one-to-one informal chat, really, but
this sounds a bit off-putting. I’d obviously like
to ensure I get the job, so I want to do some
prep or at least know a bit more about what
I’m in for – and I know you’ve been to loads of
interviews – so if you can enlighten me on what
goes on, I’d be grateful! Have to say I’m a bit
tense about the whole thing – I usually tend to
underestimate my own abilities, as you know
– and I must loosen up a bit. Otherwise, I shall
have a rubbish night. I will oversleep – and that
won’t make a good impression!
9.10
A: The factory, definitely. That’s horrible and
must be boring.
B: I would say that they all look pretty boring
places to work in, but I’d probably say that
the factory would be most difficult. The
reason I say that is because the work looks
quite repetitive and with the machinery, it
must be incredibly noisy. I would imagine
that you get regular breaks, but the brain
must get very tired and it must be hard
to concentrate. Personally, I would find
that a difficult place to work in, although
I appreciate that the work done there is
essential.
C: OK, yes, three very different workplaces, as
Anya said, but for me, the most difficult to
work in would most likely be the factory
because of the background noise although,
as Max mentioned, you would probably get
used to that, but mainly because of the
repetitive nature of the work.
9.11
A: I had a very strange experience at work the
other day. My manager came up to me and
praised me for some work on a project. I
explained it was the whole team who had
worked on it, but she asked me to go and
see the director. When I saw him, he thanked
me profusely for finding a solution to one
of the problems and it was only when I left
his office I realised he had mistaken me for
someone else.
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
B: I’ve been playing for my basketball team for
years now. It’s very up and down, depending
on who we have in the team. We don’t each
always play every match, but it was when
I was dropped for three weeks in a row
that I realised my days on the team were
numbered!
C: I really prefer working on my own. I’m a
designer and I find I need the thinking space
to come up with my best ideas, so it’s hard
when you have to work in an office. My
manager doesn’t set a very good example
because she is hardly ever there. But what
I slowly became aware of was that this
was because she was working on her own
projects without telling the company.
10.1
N = Narrator M = Man W = Woman
Extract 1
N: You hear two friends talking about
managing life at university.
M: How are you getting on at university?
W: Oh, yeah, OK. But I have to say I hadn’t
quite taken in the fact that it’s not just
about studying. There’s all the stuff you
have to manage in your normal life as well.
I’m wondering if I should have stayed in my
home town! I’m cross with myself as all the
other students seem to be so on top of it.
It’s unnerving as I’m starting to think I’m just
hopeless. I’m constantly running around at
the last minute. It’s really stressing me out.
M: Oh it shouldn’t, you know – I think everyone
has the same response when they leave
home. I know I didn’t have a hot meal
for weeks because I didn’t know how to
cook. Thing is, getting on top of all that
is vital – I’m sure you realise that if you’re
looking after yourself properly, it’s easier to
concentrate. So although things like cooking,
washing, getting yourself registered with a
doctor or whatever, seem like trivial things
compared to your work, having those things
organised ends up being critical to how well
you do. Do you want me to help you?
Extract 2
N: You hear two colleagues talking about a
television programme they have seen.
W: Hey, Mark. Did you see that programme on
how companies work in other cultures the
other day?
M: Yeah, I caught up with it last night.
Interesting. I was wondering how it could
affect our company when we open our
new offices in Canada next year. Obviously,
we’ve got to expand globally – I think we all
understand that – but I agree that there’s
an assumption that it leads to automatic
success when, in fact, how you achieve that
is really complicated, isn’t it? I did have
second thoughts about if we were really
ready for this; like, if we understand enough
about how the local market does business.
W: Mm … not sure that’s what I took away
from it. I think what struck me is it’s seen
as a great opening for us, but what’s more
likely to happen is that the new offices
operate as a kind of satellite. So, rather than
us becoming more culturally international,
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2ND EDITION C1
in fact, we’re all just operating as we were Now, I know it’s very common to say that the
before. I mean, we’re not really exploiting the most important quality when you travel is
opportunities to understand other cultures flexibility as you adapt from novel situation to
and using that to make the company more novel situation. I can understand the argument
competitive. It’s just lip service, really. for this but nevertheless, I would put a sense of
Extract 3 humour at the top of my list.
Travelling also gives you greater resources.
N: You hear a radio discussion about how the
subjects studied at university have changed. Being in the great outdoors, looking at long
horizons, gives you new perspectives which
W: So, Professor Kapel, can you tell me what the sharpen your brain. That’s helpful to know
situation is at your university? because at times we all get bogged down
M: Um, yes. I would say that over the last at work when we can’t think straight and
… ooh … five to ten years there’s been a experience confusion – especially in trying to
massive shift towards the sciences. Now the make decisions. So now, when this happens,
applications we get for these courses are I go to the top of the building to give me a
very, very competitive. There are far more clearer view!
students wanting to do these courses than And perhaps an unexpected outcome from all
we have places for. And I think that’s come
about because obviously, our economies
my travels has been honed by the many hours
sat in airports or dealing with mishaps. And
– not just locally but globally as well – are that is that I now have much more patience
valuing science over the arts in terms of the than I had before. It’s made me realise that
types of jobs that are available. What I’m speed can sometimes achieve less, not more, in
suggesting is that we need to recognise that a working environment so I’m actually getting
and put more funding behind it. further now!
W: OK, I see that. Obviously, a young person So my message, really, is that although in our
today investing in a degree will, of course, business lives we travel frequently for meetings
want to study something that’s going to and so on, you should take seriously the notion
lead to a hopefully secure job. But if we do that it’s the long-haul trips that reward you
as you suggest, then, surely, the arts are most in terms of skills for your career. I cannot
going to suffer and prospective employees recommend travelling highly enough as a way
do need to be able to offer a variety of skills. to build resources that will help you in your
In fact, I think there’s much more realisation future life. Thank you.
now that the arts need to be supported and
that they enhance the sciences rather than
being a polar opposite. In fact, I think we
need to look at ways in which we can blend
arts into sciences.
10.2
Hello, all. It’s great to have the opportunity
to talk to all of you business students today
about my passion, travelling. Now, I know that
in many business circles travelling is thought of
as a luxury or an office perk, but I don’t think
I’m wrong in saying that most of the people
in my office would regard it as essential and
we do look at ways of helping employees to
achieve this.
So what kind of experiences can we bring
back? Well, on one of my early trips I went on
a very long journey across Africa, which was
extraordinary. I was confronted with situations
I’d never experienced before and, as I travelled,
I was aware that my thinking was starting to
shift as I encountered the very different ways of
doing things. It made me more open.
In fact, on my latest trip, I returned to
Botswana because I had fallen in love with
the country. It was a proper holiday – we were
out in the open all the time, camping while
elephants and lions prowled around us and
watching the rangers working with the animals.
A fascinating insight into how to manage
something you can’t control.
However, I constantly feel the need to defend
the travelling I’ve done – but it’s given me all
kinds of things back. I feel very pleased that, by
visiting the different communities I’ve travelled
through, I’ve had the opportunity to truly
increase my understanding of relationships
and the multiple different ways in which they
can function. It’s made me more tolerant in a
work setting.
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