STRENGTHENING WASH NETWORKS IN ETHIOPIA

ANALYZING AN URBAN SANITATION SYSTEM

 WEBINAR LOGISTICS

QUESTIONS
Use the Q+A tab to type questions for the
presenters. Questions will be answered at
the end of the webinar.

HANDOUTS
Will be available in the handouts tab

RECORDING
The webinar recording will be available on
www.globalwaters.org

SWS Social Network Analysis Webinar 2

 STRENGTHENING WASH NETWORKS IN ETHIOPIA:
ANALYZING AN URBAN SANITATION SYSTEM

PRESENTER PRESENTER
Diana Harper Desta Dimtse
LINC TETRA TECH

MODERATOR
Amy Javernick-Will
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER

SWS Social Network Analysis Webinar 3

 A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY
What is a systems approach?
Sustainable WASH Systems
In SWS, our approach
• Seeks to understand the
complexity, interactions,
interdependencies among actors,
factors, and between actors and
factors through a deliberate,
rigorous manner
• Acts based on this
understanding
• Regularly adapts to feedback
and changing conditions
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 BRINGING IT TOGETHER TO SUSTAIN SERVICES

Factors addressed to
Actors
improve sustainability
working
together

Services
Sustained
FSM Approaches applied to
sustain WASH services
Sustainable WASH Systems 5
 MAPPING NETWORKS OF ACTORS AND
FACTORS

Sustainable WASH Systems 6

SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
 SNA APPLICATIONS IN SWS
Program Design Monitoring and Evaluation Network Strengthening

Providing insights to plan Tracking change in the structure Supporting local stakeholders to
strategies and activities and nature of connections make data-driven decisions

Sustainable WASH Systems 8

 SNA IN SWS: MONITORING

Locations SNAs Planned SNAs Completed

Debre Birhan, Mile, Baseline, midline, endline Baseline, midline
Ethiopia South Ari, Woliso (12 total) (8 total)

Baseline, endline Baseline

Uganda Kabarole, Kamuli
(4 total) (2 total)
Baseline Baseline
Cambodia National
(1 total) (1 total)
Baseline, endline Baseline
Kenya Kitui
(2 total) (1 total)

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 MIDTERM ONA IN ETHIOPIA

Baseline problem-solving network in Woliso Midterm problem-solving network in Woliso

• Understand the current network of relationships

• Compare the current state to baseline analysis
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 RELATIONSHIPS AND ATTRIBUTES

Information sharing

Frequency Quality

Problem solving

Provided Quality Provided Quality

Coordination

Type
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 RELATIONSHIP QUALITY

Was the information Was support requested provided?

received directly used? If so, did it resolve the problem?

Baseline 83% Baseline 77% Problem Solved

or Support
Ongoing
Yes
Problem
No Unsolved or
Midterm 94% Midterm 94% Support Not
Provided

0% 50% 100% 0% 50% 100%

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 METRICS
Whole of Network Metrics
Baseline Midterm Change • Commonly used metrics:
Overall Network
Size 16 19 +19% ties, density, average degree,
Ties
Information Sharing
95 208 +119%
and average distance
Ties 77 142 +82%
Density 0.28 0.47 +68%
Avg. Degree 4.53 7.10 +57% • Even a small survey generates
Avg. Distance
Reciprocity
1.72
0.78
1.38
0.47
-20%
-40%
a high volume of data
Problem-Solving
Ties 71 81 +14%
Density 0.26 0.21 -19%
Avg. Degree 4.18 4.05 -3%
Avg. Distance 1.59 1.68 +6%
Reciprocity 0.48 0.48 0%
Coordination
Ties 20 78 +295%
Density 0.22 0.35 +59%
Avg. Degree 1.43 3.16 +121%
Avg. Distance 2.05 1.63 -20%
Reciprocity N/A N/A N/A

Sustainable WASH Systems 13

 SMALL-TOWN SANITATION (ETHIOPIA)
Two towns – Woliso (Oromia) and Debre Birhan
(Amhara)
• Strengthen local systems responsible for sanitation
services
• Learning alliance approach
Current Situation
• 100% on-site sanitation
Future Challenges
• Increasing number of non-functional shared facilities
• Prevalence of traditional “unlined” pits
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 KEBELE INFLUENCE AND CONNECTIVITY

Kebele administrations in the local

WASH system
• Government structure at community level
• Oversee health extension workers and
sanitation officers
• Maintain direct relationships with
community service providers

Kebele representatives in the learning alliance

• Function as information-sharing bridges between community actors
and town-level government
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 KEBELE INFLUENCE AND CONNECTIVITY
Midterm ONA showed gains made within the towns
• Kebeles Administrations are well-connected with town-
level offices
• Picture is more nuanced at Kebele-level (connectivity)
Woliso
• The four Kebele Administrations are less connected to
each other
• Place higher value on town-to-town learning
Debre Birhan
• The six Kebele Administrations are significantly better
connected
• Expressed that they are “all in this together”
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 USING A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE FOR PLANNING
Public engagement events
• Learning alliances developed an activity that
increased awareness of liquid and solid waste in
kebeles
• Targeted participants at kebele and sub-kebele level
• Members designed the events during ONA
midterm workshop (August 2019)
• Members applied tools as they designed the events
• Created a Telegram group (social media) to
facilitate planning of the events
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 USING A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE FOR PLANNING
Public engagement events
• Learning alliances presented proposals
for the activity at their meetings
• Health Offices played a significant role
in coordinating preparations for the
events
• In Woliso, the Health Office allocated
funds to provide training for the task
force under this activity
• Learning alliances used these events
to share information with actors at all
levels
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 USING A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE FOR PLANNING
Progress following public
engagement events
• Communities continue monthly
sanitation town cleaning campaigns
• Municipality now provides weekly waste
collection services to kebeles and
surrounding villages
• Learning alliance steering committees
and kebele-level members jointly monitor
communal and public latrines
• Learning alliances provide technical
support to the communal and public
latrines management committees
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 LEARNING
• Increased user participation supports the
acceptability and actionability of the
research method

• Considerations for “right-sizing” analysis

Sustainable WASH Systems 20

 QUESTIONS?

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 THANK YOU!

LEARN MORE AT
GLOBALWATERS.ORG/SWS